Kukufundisa ukuba uqaphele izinto ezisemgangathweni zeebholiti ngokujonga nje

I-Bolt yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yoomatshini, esetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi, isetyenziswa yintloko kunye nezikrufu iinxalenye ezimbini zeqela lezinto zokubopha, kufuneka zisetyenziswe kunye ne-nut, esetyenziselwa kakhulu ukubopha uqhagamshelo lwamacandelo amabini ngemingxunya edlulayo. Mhlawumbi awunalo ulwazi ngezinto zodidi lwe-bolt, eli nqaku liza kukwazisa ngezinto zodidi lwe-bolt, ulwazi olunxulumene nodidi, ukuze abantu abaninzi bafunde ukuchonga ezi mpawu zincinci ze-bolt.

Zithetha ukuthini iiklasi kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiibholiti?

Udidi lweBolt lubhekisa kwi-bolt ye-4.8 grade, 8.8 grade, 10.9 grade kunye nezinye ii-bolt grade.

Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zibhekisa kwibholiti eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-Q235, 35K, 40Cr, 45 # steel, 35CrMo steel, 304 stainless steel kunye ne-316 stainless steel njalo njalo.

Udidi lweBolt kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zinxulumene ngqo, intsimbi ethambileyo inokuvelisa kuphela iibholthi ezikumgangatho ophantsi, intsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi inokuvelisa iibholthi ezikumgangatho ophakathi, intsimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, intsimbi ye-alloy inokuvelisa iibholthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Olunye udidi lwebolt luchaza ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini, kodwa lukwamisela nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Nantsi uluhlu lweentlobo eziqhelekileyo zeebholiti ezinokuba zeziphi izinto. Inqanaba le-4.8 linokuba yi-Q235, i-Q195 kunye nezinye izinto zentsimbi ethambileyo. Inqanaba le-5.8 le-Q235 ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto ezinokuba yiyo, azidingi unyango lobushushu. Ububanzi bomsonto obuyi-8.8 level obuyi-16MM okanye ngaphantsi, unyango lobushushu obuyi-35 # tempering, i-16mm nangaphezulu, i-45 # kunye ne-low carbon alloy steel tempering. Inqanaba le-10.9 le-medium-carbon alloy steel tempering Temptation 35Crmo 40Cr njalo njalo.

Ngaba iibholiti ezinamandla aphezulu zinokwahlulwa kwiibholiti eziqhelekileyo ngezinto zazo?

Ngokubanzi yahlulwe ngokwenqanaba lamandla.

Inqanaba lokusebenza kweBolt 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9 njalo njalo kwiiklasi ezingaphezu kwe-10, apho iibholiti eziyi-8.8 nangaphezulu zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-alloy esezantsi-khabhoni okanye intsimbi ye-carbon ephakathi kunye ne-heat-treated (ecinyiweyo, eqinisiweyo), eyaziwa ngokuba ziibholiti ezinamandla aphezulu, ezinye ezaziwa ngokuba ziibholiti eziqhelekileyo. Ukubhala ilebhile yenqanaba lokusebenza kweBolt kunamacandelo amabini okwakhiwa kwedijithali, ngokulandelelana, ukuba amandla okutsalwa aqhelekileyo exabiso lezinto zebolt kunye nexabiso lomlinganiselo wamandla e-flexural.

Umzekelo, iibholiti zenqanaba lokusebenza zenqanaba lesi-8.8, intsingiselo yile:

1, amandla okutsalwa kwebholithi aqhelekileyo kwinqanaba le-800MPa;

2, umlinganiselo wamandla e-bolt material yield we-0.8;

3, amandla e-nominal yield yezinto ze-bolt ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800 × 0.8 = inqanaba le-640MPa lezona bolts zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinqanaba le-8.8 kunye ne-10.9, iibolts eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinqanaba le-4.8.