Kukufundisa ukubona izinto ezisezingeni lama-bolts ngokushesha

I-Bolt iyizingxenye ezivamile zemishini, ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi, isetshenziswa ngekhanda kanye nezikulufo izingxenye ezimbili zeqembu lezinamathiseli, ezidinga ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-nut, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukubopha uxhumano lwezingxenye ezimbili ngezimbobo ezidlulayo. Mhlawumbe awunalo ulwazi ngezinto zebanga le-bolt, lesi sihloko sizokwethula ezintweni ze-bolt, ulwazi oluhlobene nebanga, ukuze abantu abaningi bafunde ukuhlonza lezi zakhiwo ezincane ze-bolt.

Asho ukuthini amamaki nezinto zokwakha amabhawodi?

Ibanga le-bolt libhekisela ku-bolt engu-4.8 grade, 8.8 grade, 10.9 grade kanye nelinye ibanga le-bolt.

Izinto zibhekisela ekutheni ibhawodi lenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-Q235, 35K, 40Cr, 45 # steel, 35CrMo steel, 304 stainless steel kanye ne-316 stainless steel njalo njalo.

Ibanga le-bolt nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ziwubuhlobo obuthile, insimbi emnene ingakhiqiza kuphela amabhawodi ebanga elinamandla aphansi, insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi ingakhiqiza amabhawodi ebanga elinamandla aphakathi, insimbi yekhabhoni ephezulu, insimbi ye-alloy ingakhiqiza amabhawodi ebanga elinamandla aphakeme. Amanye amabanga e-bolt achaza ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhambisanayo kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, kodwa futhi nokunquma izinto ezisetshenziswayo.

Nasi uhlu lwezinhlobo ezivamile zamabholithi ezingaba yizinto ezibonakalayo. Izinga elingu-4.8 lingaba yi-Q235, i-Q195 kanye nezinye izinto zensimbi ezithambile. Izinga elingu-5.8 le-Q235 ngaphezu kwazo zonke izinto ezingaba yizo, azidingi ukwelashwa ngokushisa. Ububanzi bentambo obungu-8.8 obungu-16MM noma ngaphansi, ukwelashwa ngokushisa okungu-35 #, 16mm noma ngaphezulu, 45 # kanye nokushisa kwensimbi ye-alloy ephansi. Izinga elingu-10.9 lokushisa kwensimbi ye-alloy ephansi. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa okungu-35Crmo 40Cr njalo njalo.

Ingabe amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu angahlukaniswa kumabhawodi avamile ngezinto zawo?

Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ngokwezinga lamandla.

Izinga lokusebenza kwebholithi 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9 njalo njalo ngaphezu kwamazinga ayi-10, lapho amabholithi angu-8.8 nangaphezulu enziwe ngensimbi ye-alloy ephansi yekhabhoni noma insimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo kanye nokushisa (okucishiwe, okuthambile), okwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amabholithi anamandla aphezulu, okunye okwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi amabholithi avamile. Ukulebula izinga lokusebenza kwebholithi kunezingxenye ezimbili zokwakheka kwedijithali, ngokulandelana, ukuthi amandla okudonswa okujwayelekile kwenani lezinto zebholithi kanye nenani lesilinganiso samandla e-flexural.

Isibonelo, izinga lokusebenza lama-bolts ebanga lesi-8.8, incazelo iwukuthi:

1, amandla okuthambekela ajwayelekile ebholidi asezingeni le-800MPa;

2, isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza izinto zebhawodi esingu-0.8;

3, amandla okukhiqiza ajwayelekile ezinto zebholithi afinyelela ku-800 × 0.8 = 640MPa izinga lamabholithi anamandla aphezulu asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingeni lika-8.8 no-10.9, amabholithi avamile asetshenziswa kakhulu ezingeni lika-4.8.