Cov qauv ntoo yog tsim kom kav ntev
Los ntawm ntau txhiab xyoo cov tsev ntoo uas tau sawv qhov kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm rau cov ntoo siab niaj hnub no nce siab dua, cov qauv ntoo muaj zog thiab ruaj khov.
Ntoo vaj tse nyob rau ib puas xyoo
Kev ruaj khov thiab muaj zog, ntoo yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muab ntau xyoo, txawm ntau pua xyoo, kev pabcuam. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj kev nkag siab yuam kev tias cov tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv xws li pob zeb lossis hlau kav ntev dua li cov tsev ua los ntawm ntoo. Raws li nrog txhua yam khoom siv, kev tsim qauv zoo yog qhov suav.
Ancient ntoo vaj tse tseem sawv ntsug suav nrog lub xyoo pua 8th Japanese tuam tsev, 11th caug xyoo Norwegian stave pawg ntseeg, thiab ntau lub tsev medieval post-and-beam ntawm England thiab Europe. Tshaj li lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb, cov tsev ntoo qub no tau nyiaj dhau los vim lawv tau tsim zoo, tsim thiab khaws cia.
Lom stave church, Norway | Duab credit: Arvid Høidahl
Qhov qub yog tshiab dua
Nrog rau kev tsim thiab kho kom zoo, cov qauv ntoo muab kev pabcuam ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Thiab thaum lub sijhawm ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb, nws feem ntau yog lwm yam, xws li lub peev xwm los hloov pauv thiab hloov mus rau kev siv tshiab, uas hais txog lub neej ntawm lub tsev. Qhov tseeb, ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem siv thiab lub neej tiag tiag ntawm lub tsev. Kev muag khoom, hloov cov neeg xav tau kev pab thiab resoning ntau zaus yog vim li cas lub tsev raug rhuav tshem. Raws li cov khoom siv ruaj khov, rov siv tau thiab rov ua dua tshiab, ntoo tuaj yeem txo cov khib nyiab thiab hloov mus rau kev xav tau.
Duab los ntawm Leckie Studio Architecture + Tsim
Yuav ua li cas cov ntoo sawv thiaj li tsis poob?
Ib tsob ntoo muaj zog heev uas lub zog ntawm cov cua siab, feem ntau, tsis snap nws lub cev thiab ceg. Lub zog ntuj no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub cev ntawm ntoo. Ntoo yog hloov tau txaus tias nws yuav tsis tawg, nws yog qhov nruj txaus tias nws yuav tsis tawg, nws lub teeb txaus uas nws yuav tsis buckle hauv nws qhov hnyav. Raws li ib tug kws tshawb fawb sau, "tsis muaj cov khoom tsim tawm tuaj yeem ua tau tag nrho cov khoom no: plastics tsis nruj txaus; cib tsis muaj zog heev; iav yog nkig heev; steel hnyav dhau lawm. Qhov hnyav rau qhov hnyav, ntoo muaj tej zaum qhov zoo tshaj plaws engineering khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom, yog li nws tsis yog xav tsis thoob tias peb tseem siv ntoo ntau dua li lwm yam khoom los ua peb tus kheej cov qauv. "
Ntoo lub ntuj lub zog thiab stability
Ntoo yog ib yam khoom muaj zog, lub teeb yuag. Tsob ntoo tuaj yeem zam tau zoo heev los ntawm cua, huab cua thiab txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Qhov no yog ua tau vim ntoo yog tsim los ntawm ntev, nyias muaj zog hlwb. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb elongated tsim ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes uas muab ntoo nws cov qauv tsim muaj zog. Cov phab ntsa ntawm tes yog ua los ntawm cellulose, lignin thiab hemicellulose. Thaum hloov mus rau cov khoom siv ntoo, cov hlwb txuas ntxiv xa cov teeb yuag, cov qauv tsim qauv nrog lub zog piv rau lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Yog li ntawd, txawm tias lawv qhov hnyav dua, cov khoom ntoo tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau lub zog-tshwj xeeb yog thaum compression thiab nro quab yuam yog sib npaug rau cov ntoo cov nplej. Piv txwv li, ib qho Douglas-fir square, 10 cm x 10 cm, tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ze li 5,000 kg hauv compression parallel rau cov nplej. Raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, ntoo ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab vim nws yog cov khoom tawv tawv - nws yuav khoov deb npaum li cas ua ntej hnav lossis tsis ua haujlwm. Ntoo yog qhov zoo dua rau cov qauv uas qhov kev ntxhov siab tas li thiab tsis tu ncua, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov qauv uas dais siab rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Duab credit: Nik West
Engineered ntoo yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev siv sab nrauv
Ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo, cov ntoo raug pom hauv Brentwood Town Center Chaw Nres Tsheb zoo li tshiab. Txhawm rau ua kom nws ua tau zoo thiab saib zoo, pab pawg siv tsuas yog kiln qhuav lossis engineered ntoo thiab tsim lub chaw nres tsheb cov qauv hauv txoj hauv kev xws li huab cua-pov thawj ntoo los ntawm deflection thiab kua dej.
Deflection, kua, ziab thiab durability ntawm cov tsev ntoo
Cov teeb meem xws li kev lwj thiab pwm tuaj yeem zam nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm cov tsev ntoo kom tsis txhob raug dej thiab ya raws. Cov dej noo tuaj yeem tswj tau, thiab lwj averted hauv cov tsev ntoo siv plaub lub tswv yim: deflection, kua, ziab thiab cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov.
Deflection thiab kua dej yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Cov khoom siv deflection (xws li cladding thiab qhov rais flashings) cuam tshuam cov daus, nag thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm noo noo ntawm lub tsev sab nrauv thiab deflect nws deb ntawm qhov chaw tseem ceeb. Kev tso dej kom ntseeg tau tias kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej raug tshem tawm mus rau sab nrauv ntawm cov qauv kom sai li sai tau, xws li cov kav dej tso rau hauv cov phab ntsa los nag.
Kev ziab cuam tshuam rau qhov cua, cua ntws thiab ua pa ntawm lub tsev ntoo. Niaj hnub no cov tuam tsev ntoo ua tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb airtightness thaum seem permeable. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, noo noo yog diffused mus rau sab nraud txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm condensation thiab pwm loj hlob thaum txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thermal.
Whistler Olympic Park | Duab credit: KK Law
Vim li cas ntoo yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau qhov chaw ntub dej?
Nrog rau kev tsim qauv tsim nyog, ntau cov khoom ntoo thiab hom muaj resistant rau high humidity thiab rau ntau yam tshuaj thiab tej yam kev mob uas adversely cuam tshuam rau lwm yam ntaub ntawv, xws li corrosive ntsev, dilute acids, industrial gases thiab hiav txwv huab cua. Vim nws tsis kam mus rau cov yam ntxwv no, ntoo feem ntau zoo haum rau cov tsev uas muaj cov av noo ntau dua thiab cov dej noo xws li cov chaw hauv dej. Ntoo yog hygroscopic - uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tas li pauv cov dej noo nrog cov huab cua ib puag ncig - pab tswj cov av noo thiab sib npaug ntawm cov av noo hauv tsev. Cov qauv ntoo hauv qhov chaw ntub dej, xws li cov chaw hauv dej, yuav tiv taus qhov shrinkage lossis warping vim ya raws.
Natural durability thiab tsis kam mus lwj
Nrog rau deflection, kua thiab ziab, ntoo lub ntuj durability yog ib txoj kab ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv. British Columbia cov hav zoov muaj cov kab mob zoo ib yam nrog rau sab hnub poob liab cedar, daj cedar thiab Douglas-fir. Cov tsiaj no muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab thiab lwj hauv lawv lub xeev ntuj, vim muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ntau hu ua extractives. Extractives yog ib txwm tshwm sim tshuaj uas tau tso rau hauv lub plawv ntawm qee yam ntoo thaum lawv hloov sapwood rau heartwood. Cov hom zoo li no tau zoo rau kev siv sab nrauv xws li sab nrauv, decking, laj kab, ru tsev thiab qhov rais thav duab - qee zaum txawm siv hauv nkoj tsim thiab siv marine vim lawv lub ntuj ruaj khov.
Cov qauv ntoo muab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev thiab kev siv cov lus qhia ceev faj feem ntau tshem tawm qhov xav tau rau kev kho tshuaj. Qee zaum, thaum ntoo raug thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej tsis tu ncua - xws li sab nrauv decking los yog siding - los yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov kab tho ntoo, yuav xav tau kev ntsuas ntxiv. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab kev kho mob siab los muab kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau kev lwj. Ntau zuj zus, cov neeg tsim qauv tau tig mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab kev kho ntuj ntau dua rau cov ntoo uas txo lossis tiv thaiv kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob.
Plaub Tus Tswv Tsev Thawj Pawg Pavilion | Duab credit: KK Law
Deep lustrous charcoal muab kev zoo nkauj thiab brawn
Wood Innovation and Design Center, ib qhov project ua qauv ntoo siab, yog clad nyob rau hauv ib txwm huab cua thiab charred western liab cedar - ib tug tiv thaiv txheej txheem uas originated nyob rau hauv Nyiv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th hu ua shou sugi ban. Nrhiav tom qab rau nws qhov kev zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem ua rau nws lub ntsej muag sib sib zog nqus dub thaum muab nws ntxiv rau cov kab, hluav taws thiab huab cua.
Ntoo Innovation thiab Tsim Center | Duab credit: Brudder productions
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-05-2025
