Zvivako zvehuni zvinovakwa kuti zvigare kwenguva refu
Kubva pazvivakwa zvemapuranga zvemakore zviuru zvakagara kwenguva refu kusvika kushongwe dzemazuva ano dzematanda dzakareba, zvivakwa zvematanda zvakasimba uye zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Zvivako zvematanda zvinogara kwemazana emakore
Matanda akasimba uye anogara kwenguva refu, chinhu chinogara kwenguva refu chinopa makumi emakore, kunyange mazana emakore, ebasa. Asi kuchine pfungwa dzisiri dzechokwadi dzekuti zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekongiri kana simbi zvinogara kwenguva refu kupfuura zvivakwa zvakagadzirwa nematanda. Sezvakaita chero chivakwa, dhizaini inoshanda zvakanaka ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.
Zvivakwa zvematanda ekare zvichiripo zvinosanganisira matemberi eJapan emuzana remakore rechi8, machechi eNorwegian stave churches emuzana remakore rechi11, uye zvivakwa zvakawanda zvepakati nepakati zveEngland neEurope. Kunze kwekukosha kwazvo mutsika, zvivakwa izvi zvematanda ekare zvinogara zviripo nekuti zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka, zvakavakwa uye zvinotarisirwa.
Chechi yeLom stave, Norway | Mufananidzo wakapihwa naArvid Høidahl
Zvekare zvitsva zvakare
Nekugadzirwa kwakanaka uye kugadziriswa, zvivakwa zvematanda zvinopa basa rinotora nguva refu uye rinobatsira. Uye kunyange hazvo kugara kwenguva refu kuri chinhu chakakosha kufunga nezvacho, kazhinji zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sekukwanisa kuchinja uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo matsva, ndizvo zvinotonga hupenyu hwechivako. Kutaura zvazviri, imwe ongororo yakawana kuti hapana hukama hwakakosha pakati pehurongwa hwechivako hunoshandiswa nehupenyu chaihwo hwechivako. Kutengeswa kwezvivakwa, kuchinja kwezvinodiwa zvevagari uye kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo kazhinji ndizvo zvinokonzera kuparadzwa kwechivako. Sezvinhu zvakasimba, zvinogona kushandiswazve uye zvinogona kushandiswazve, matanda anogona kuderedza marara uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvekuchinja.
Mufananidzo wakapihwa neLeckie Studio Architecture + Design
Miti inomira sei yakareba kudaro isingadonhe?
Muti wakasimba zvekuti simba guru remhepo ine simba, kazhinji, harityori hunde nematavi awo. Simba iri rechisikigo rinobva muhunhu hwehuni. Huni dzinochinjika zvekuti hadziputsike, dzakaoma zvekuti hadziputsike, dzakareruka zvekuti hadziputike nehuremu hwadzo. Sezvakanyorwa nemumwe musayendisiti, “hapana chinhu chakagadzirwa chinogona kuita zvese izvi: mapurasitiki haana kusimba zvakakwana; zvidhinha hazvina kusimba; girazi harina kusimba zvakanyanya; simbi inorema zvakanyanya. Huremu hwehuremu, huni hunogona kunge hune hunhu hwakanakisa hwehuinjiniya hwechinhu chipi nechipi, saka hazvishamisi kuti tichiri kushandisa huni dzakawanda kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu kugadzira zvivakwa zvedu.”
Simba rechisikigo uye kugadzikana kwehuni
Matanda chinhu chakasimba, chakareruka. Miti inogona kutsungirira masimba makuru anokonzerwa nemhepo, mamiriro ekunze uye kunyange njodzi dzechisikigo. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuti matanda anoumbwa nemasero marefu, matete akasimba. Ndiwo magadzirirwo akareba emadziro emasero aya anopa huni simba rayo rekuvaka. Madziro emasero anogadzirwa ne cellulose, lignin uye hemicellulose. Kana akashandurwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvehuni, masero aya anoramba achipa mhinduro dzakareruka, dzakasimba dzakafanana nezvimwe zvinhu zvekuvaka.
Saka, pasinei nehuremu hwadzo hwakareruka, zvigadzirwa zvehuni zvinogona kutsungirira simba guru—kunyanya kana simba rekumanikidzwa uye rekumanikidzwa richishandiswa zvakaenzana netsanga dzehuni. Semuenzaniso, sikweya imwe chete yeDouglas-fir, 10 cm x 10 cm, inogona kutsigira inoda kusvika 5,000 kg mukumanikidzwa kwakafanana netsanga. Sechinhu chekuvaka, huni dzinoshanda zvakanaka kana dzakamanikidzwa sezvo dziri chinhu chakaoma—kuti dzichakotama sei dzisati dzasakara kana kukundikana. Huni dziri nani kune zvivakwa uko kushushikana kuripo nguva dzose uye kwakajairika, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka kune zvivakwa zvinotakura mitoro yakareba kwenguva yakareba.
Mufananidzo wakapihwa na: Nik West
Matanda akagadzirwa neinjiniya isarudzo yakanaka yekushandisa kunze
Matanda akafumurwa ari muBrentwood Town Centre Station, ane makore anopfuura gumi, anotaridzika seatsva. Kuti arambe achishanda zvakanaka uye achitaridzika zvakanaka, timu yacho yakashandisa matanda akaomeswa kana akagadziriswa muchoto chete uye yakagadzira chimiro chechiteshi nenzira yekuti adzivirire matanda kubva pakutsauka uye kubuda kwemvura.
Kutsauka, kudhonza mvura, kuoma uye kugara kwenguva refu kwezvivakwa zvehuni
Matambudziko akadai sekuora uye chakuvhuvhu anogona kudzivirirwa nekugadzira zvivakwa zvematanda nemazvo kudzivirira kubatwa nemvura nehunyoro. Hunyoro hunogona kugadziriswa, uye kuora kunogona kudzivirirwa muzvivakwa zvematanda uchishandisa nzira ina dzinozivikanwa: kutsauswa, kudhonzwa kwemvura, kuoma uye zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Kutsauka uye kuburitsa mvura ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira. Midziyo yekutsauka (yakadai sekufukidza uye kupenya kwemahwindo) inodzivirira sinou, mvura nezvimwe zvinopa hunyoro kunze kwechivako uye zvinochibvisa munzvimbo dzakakosha. Kudonha kwemvura kunoita kuti mvura ipinde kunze kwechivako nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, senge gomba remvura rakabatanidzwa mumadziro ekudzivirira mvura.
Kuomesa kunosanganisira kupinza mhepo, kufamba kwemhepo uye kufema kwechivakwa chehuni. Zvivakwa zvehuni zvinoshanda zvakanaka nhasi zvinogona kusava nemhepo yakawanda asi zvichiramba zvichipinda mvura. Muchiitiko ichi, hunyoro hunopararira kunze zvichideredza njodzi yekuoma kwemvura uye kukura kwevhu ukuwo zvichiwedzera kushanda kwekupisa.
Whistler Olympic Park | Mufananidzo wakapihwa na: KK Law
Sei huni iri sarudzo yakanaka yenzvimbo dzine hunyoro?
Kana yakagadzirwa zvakanaka, zvigadzirwa zvematanda zvakawanda zvinodzivirira hunyoro hwakawanda uye makemikari akawanda nemamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita semunyu unoparadza, maasidhi akawandisa, magasi emaindasitiri nemhepo yegungwa. Nekuda kwekudzivirira kwawo zvinhu izvi, matanda anowanzo kukodzera zvivakwa zvine hunyoro hwakawanda uye hunyoro hwakadai senzvimbo dzemumvura. Matanda ane hunyoro hwakasiyana-siyana—zvichireva kuti anogara achichinjana hunyoro nemhepo yakatenderedza—zvichibatsira kudzora hunyoro uye kuenzana nehunyoro hwemukati. Zvivakwa zvematanda munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, zvakaita senzvimbo dzemumvura, hazvizoregi kupwanyika kana kukanganiswa nekuda kwehunyoro.
Kugara kwenguva refu kwechisikigo uye kuramba kuora
Pamwe chete nekutsauka, kuyerera kwemvura uye kuoma, kugara kwenguva refu kwehuni inzira yekudzivirira. Masango eBritish Columbia ane mhando dzinogara kwenguva refu dzinosanganisira western red cedar, yellow cedar neDouglas-fir. Mhando idzi dzinodzivirira zvipembenene nekuora zvakasiyana-siyana, nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwemakemikari eorganic anonzi extractives. Extractives makemikari anowanikwa muchisikigo anoiswa mu heartwood yemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti sezvo achishandura sapwood kuita heartwood. Mhando dzakadaro dzakakodzera kushandiswa kunze senge siding, decking, fence, matenga uye mahwindo - dzimwe nguva dzinotoshandiswa mukugadzira zvikepe uye kushandiswa mugungwa nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu kwazvo.
Zvivakwa zvematanda zvinopa kushanda kwenguva refu uye kushandisa ruzivo rwakanyatsogadzirwa kunowanzobvisa kudiwa kwekurapwa nemakemikari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kana matanda akaiswa pachena uye achiramba achisangana nemvura—senge padenga rekunze kana kuti pamadziro—kana kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinobatwa nezvipembenene zvinoboora huni, mamwe matanho anogona kudiwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushandisa zvinochengetedza uye kurapwa kwekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kuti zvirambe zvichidzivirira kuora. Vagadziri vari kuramba vachitendeukira kune mhinduro dzekugadzira uye kurapwa kwechisikigo kwehuni kunoderedza kana kudzivirira kushandiswa kwezvinochengetedza makemikari.
Pavilion yeMarudzi Ekutanga yeFour Host | Mufananidzo wakapihwa na: KK Law
Marasha akadzika anopenya anopa runako uye brawn
Wood Innovation and Design Centre, chirongwa chekuratidzira matanda marefu, chakafukidzwa neWestern Red Cedar yakatsva uye yakapiswa—nzira yekudzivirira yakatanga muJapan muzana remakore rechi18 inonzi shou sugi ban. Ichitsvakwa nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kwakasiyana, maitiro aya anoita kuti ive dema rakadzama remarasha ukuwo ichipa simba rakawedzerwa kuzvipembenene, moto nemamiriro ekunze.
Wood Innovation uye Dhizaini Center | Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Brudder zvigadzirwa
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-05-2025
