Zomangamanga zamatabwa zimamangidwa kuti zikhalepo
Kuchokera ku nyumba zamatabwa zazaka masauzande zomwe zakhala zikuyenda bwino mpaka kufika pansanja zazitali zamakono zomwe zikukwera kwambiri, matabwa ndi olimba komanso olimba.
Nyumba zamatabwa zimakhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri
Chokhazikika komanso champhamvu, nkhuni ndi chinthu chokhazikika chomwe chimapereka ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale zaka mazana ambiri. Komabe malingaliro olakwika akadalipo kuti nyumba zomangidwa ndi zinthu monga konkriti kapena zitsulo zimakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa nyumba zopangidwa ndi matabwa. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zida zilizonse, mapangidwe abwino ndi omwe amafunikira.
Nyumba zakale zamatabwa zikupitilirabe kuphatikiza akachisi aku Japan azaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, matchalitchi aku Norwegian stave m'zaka za zana la 11, ndi nyumba zambiri zakale zam'mbuyo ndi matabwa ku England ndi Europe. Kupitilira pa chikhalidwe chawo, nyumba zakale zamatabwazi zimapirira chifukwa zidapangidwa bwino, zomangidwa ndi kusungidwa.
Lom stave church, Norway | Chithunzi chojambula: Arvid Høidahl
Zakale ndi zatsopano
Ndi mapangidwe abwino ndi kukonza, mapangidwe amatabwa amapereka ntchito yayitali komanso yothandiza. Ndipo ngakhale kukhazikika ndikofunikira, nthawi zambiri zimakhalanso zinthu zina, monga kutha kusinthasintha ndi kuzolowera ntchito zatsopano, zomwe zimatsogolera moyo wa nyumbayo. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wina sanapeze mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa machitidwe ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi moyo weniweni wa nyumbayo. Kugulitsa katundu, kusintha zosowa za anthu okhalamo komanso kukonzanso malo ndizomwe zimapangitsa nyumbayo kugwetsedwa. Monga chinthu chokhazikika, chogwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso chogwiritsidwanso ntchito, nkhuni zimatha kuchepetsa zinyalala ndikuzolowera kusuntha.
Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha Leckie Studio Architecture + Design
Kodi mitengo imayima bwanji motalika chonchi osagwa?
Mtengo ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti mphamvu ya mphepo yamkuntho, nthawi zambiri, siidula thunthu ndi nthambi zake. Mphamvu yachirengedwe imeneyi ndi zotsatira za chibadwa cha nkhuni. Mitengo imasinthasintha kotero kuti siiphwanyidwa, imakhala yolimba moti sungathyoke, imakhala yopepuka moti sichimangirira pansi pa kulemera kwake. Monga momwe wasayansi wina akulembera kuti, “palibe zinthu zopangidwa zimene zingachite zonsezi: mapulasitiki sali olimba mokwanira; njerwa n’zofooka kwambiri; magalasi ndi ophwanyika, chitsulo n’cholemera kwambiri.
Wood mphamvu zachilengedwe ndi bata
Wood ndi chinthu champhamvu mwachilengedwe, chopepuka. Mitengo imatha kupirira mphamvu zazikulu zobwera chifukwa cha mphepo, nyengo komanso masoka achilengedwe. Zimenezi n’zotheka chifukwa matabwa amapangidwa ndi maselo amphamvu aatali, opyapyala. Ndikapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka makoma a ma cellwa omwe amapangitsa matabwa kukhala olimba. Makoma a cell amapangidwa ndi cellulose, lignin ndi hemicellulose. Akasandulika kukhala zinthu zamatabwa, ma cellwa amapitilira kupereka zopepuka, zomangika bwino zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zofananira ndi zida zina zomangira.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti matabwawo ndi opepuka, amatha kupirira mphamvu zambiri, makamaka pamene kupanikizika ndi kukanikiza kumachitika mofanana ndi njere zamatabwa. Mwachitsanzo, sikweya imodzi ya Douglas-fir, 10 cm x 10 cm, imatha kuthandizira pafupifupi 5,000 kg molumikizana ndi njere. Monga chomangira, nkhuni zimagwira ntchito bwino pansi pa kupsinjika chifukwa ndi chinthu cholimba - kutalika kwake komwe kumapindika asanawonongeke kapena kulephera. Wood ndi yabwino kwa nyumba zomwe kupsinjika kumakhala kosalekeza komanso kosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino pazomanga zomwe zimanyamula katundu wambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chithunzi chojambula: Nik West
Mitengo yopangidwa ndi matabwa ndi yabwino kwa ntchito zakunja
Zaka zoposa khumi, nkhuni zowonekera mu Brentwood Town Center Station zikuwoneka zatsopano. Kuti izi ziwonekere bwino, gululi limagwiritsa ntchito matabwa owuma kapena opangidwa ndi matabwa okha ndipo adakonza mawonekedwe a siteshoniyo m'njira yoti matabwawo asawonongeke chifukwa cha kupotoza ndi ngalande.
Kupotoza, ngalande, kuyanika ndi kulimba kwa nyumba zamatabwa
Nkhani monga kuwola ndi nkhungu zitha kupewedwa pofotokoza bwino za nyumba zamatabwa kuti zisalowe m'madzi ndi chinyezi. Chinyezi chikhoza kusamalidwa, ndikupewa kuwonongeka m'nyumba zamatabwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zinayi zodziwika bwino: kupotoza, kukhetsa madzi, kuyanika ndi zinthu zolimba .
Kupatuka ndi kukhetsa madzi ndiye mizere yoyamba yachitetezo. Zipangizo zokhotakhota (monga zotchingira ndi mazenera) zimatsekereza chipale chofewa, mvula ndi magwero ena a chinyezi kunja kwa nyumbayo ndikuchichotsa kumadera ovuta. Kutaya madzi kumapangitsa kuti madzi alowe m'madzi amachotsedwa kunja kwa nyumbayo mwamsanga, monga ngalande yolowera m'makoma amvula.
Kuyanika kumagwirizana ndi kutulutsa mpweya, mpweya komanso kupuma kwa nyumba yamatabwa. Masiku ano nyumba zamatabwa zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri zimatha kupeza mpweya wokwanira pomwe zikupitilirabe. Munthawi imeneyi, chinyezi chimafalikira kunja kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha condensation ndi kukula kwa nkhungu ndikupititsa patsogolo kutentha.
Whistler Olympic Park | Chithunzi chojambula: KK Law
Chifukwa chiyani matabwa ali abwino kwa malo a chinyezi?
Ndi mapangidwe oyenera, zinthu zambiri zamatabwa ndi zamoyo zimagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso mankhwala ambiri ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zipangizo zina, monga mchere wowononga, ma asidi osungunuka, mpweya wa mafakitale ndi mpweya wa m'nyanja. Chifukwa cha kukana kwake pazinthu izi, matabwa nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenerera bwino kwa nyumba zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso chinyezi monga zida zam'madzi. Wood ndi hygroscopic - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse zimasinthana chinyezi ndi mpweya wozungulira - zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa chinyezi ndi kusunga chinyezi chamkati. Zomangamanga zamatabwa m'malo achinyezi, monga malo am'madzi, zimakana kutsika kapena kugwa chifukwa cha chinyezi.
Kukhalitsa kwachilengedwe komanso kukana kuwonongeka
Pamodzi ndi kupatuka, kukhetsa ndi kuyanika, kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kwa nkhuni ndi njira yowonjezera yachitetezo. Nkhalango za British Columbia zimapereka mitundu yolimba mwachilengedwe kuphatikizapo mkungudza wofiira wakumadzulo, mkungudza wachikasu ndi Douglas-fir. Mitundu imeneyi imapereka milingo yosiyanasiyana yolimbana ndi tizilombo komanso kuvunda m'chilengedwe chawo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala achilengedwe otchedwa extractives. Zotulutsa ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe omwe amayikidwa mumtengo wamtundu wina wamitengo pamene amasintha sapwood kukhala heartwood. Mitundu yotereyi imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja monga mphepete, kukwera, mipanda, madenga ndi mazenera - nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabwato ndi ntchito zapamadzi chifukwa cha kukhalitsa kwawo kwachilengedwe.
Zomangamanga zamatabwa zimagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito tsatanetsatane wambiri nthawi zambiri kumathetsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala. Nthaŵi zina, matabwa akakhala owonekera ndi kukhudzana mosalekeza ndi madzi—monga kutsekereza kunja kapena m’mbali mwake—kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito m’madera amene sachedwa kugwidwa ndi tizilombo toboola nkhuni, pangafunike njira zina. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito zotetezera ndi mankhwala othamanga kwambiri kuti apereke kukana kwina kwa kuwola. Mochulukirachulukira, opanga akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zopangira matabwa ndi mankhwala achilengedwe amitengo omwe amachepetsa kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zoteteza ku mankhwala.
Zinayi Host First Nations Pavilion | Chithunzi chojambula: KK Law
Makala owala akuya amapatsa kukongola ndi kununkhira
The Wood Innovation and Design Center, ndi ntchito yowonetsera matabwa aatali, ndipo ili ndi mkungudza wofiyira wonyezimira wa kumadzulo, njira yodzitetezera yomwe inayambira ku Japan m'zaka za m'ma 1800 yotchedwa shou sugi ban. Amafunidwa chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwapadera, njirayi imapangitsa kuti ikhale yakuda kwambiri yonyezimira kwinaku ikupangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba ku tizilombo, moto ndi nyengo.
Wood Innovation ndi Design Center | Ngongole ya zithunzi: Brudder Productions
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-05-2025
