Imiterere yimbaho yubatswe kuramba
Kuva ku nyubako zimaze imyaka ibihumbi zimaze igihe kigeragezwa kugeza kuminara miremire yimbaho igezweho izamuka hejuru, inyubako zinkwi zirakomeye kandi ziramba.
Inyubako z'ibiti zimara ibinyejana byinshi
Kuramba kandi gukomeye, ibiti nigikoresho gishobora gutanga imyaka mirongo, ndetse nibinyejana, bya serivisi. Nyamara imyumvire mibi iracyahari ko inyubako zikoze mubikoresho nka beto cyangwa ibyuma bimara igihe kinini kuruta inyubako zikoze mubiti. Kimwe nibikoresho byose byubatswe, igishushanyo mbonera nicyo kibara.
Inyubako za kera z'ibiti zikomeje guhagarara zirimo insengero z'Abayapani zo mu kinyejana cya 8, amatorero yo muri Noruveje yo mu kinyejana cya 11, hamwe n'inzu nyinshi zo mu kinyejana cya nyuma nyuma n'ibiti byo mu Bwongereza n'Uburayi. Kurenga umuco wabo, izi nyubako zishaje zihangana kuko zakozwe neza, zubatswe kandi zibungabunzwe.
Itorero rya Lom stave, Noruveje | Inguzanyo y'ifoto: Arvid Høidahl
Ibya kera byongeye gushya
Hamwe nogushushanya neza no kubungabunga, inyubako zitanga serivisi ndende kandi zingirakamaro. Kandi nubwo kuramba ari ikintu cyingenzi, ni ibindi bintu, nkubushobozi bwo guhinduka no guhuza imikoreshereze mishya, itegeka igihe cyinyubako. Mubyukuri, ubushakashatsi bumwe bwasanze nta sano ihambaye iri hagati yimiterere yimiterere yakoreshejwe nubuzima nyabwo bwinyubako. Kugurisha imitungo, guhindura ibyo abayituye bakeneye no gutura ni kenshi impamvu inyubako isenywa. Nkibikoresho biramba, byongera gukoreshwa kandi bigasubirwamo, ibiti birashobora kugabanya imyanda kandi bigahuza nibikenewe.
Ifoto tuyikesha Ubwubatsi bwa Leckie Studio + Igishushanyo
Nigute ibiti bihagarara muremure bitaguye hejuru?
Igiti kirakomeye kuburyo imbaraga nyinshi z'umuyaga mwinshi, akenshi, ntizifata igiti cyacyo n'amashami. Izi mbaraga karemano nigisubizo cyibintu bivuka mubiti. Igiti kiroroshye guhinduka kuburyo kitazavunika, kirakomeye bihagije kuburyo kitazavunika, kiroroshye bihagije kuburyo kitazahagarara munsi yuburemere bwacyo. Nkuko umuhanga umwe yabyanditse, "nta bikoresho byakozwe bishobora gukora ibyo bintu byose: plastiki ntizikomeye bihagije; amatafari arakomeye cyane; ikirahure kiravunika cyane; ibyuma biremereye cyane. Uburemere bwibiro, ibiti birashoboka ko bifite ibikoresho byiza byubwubatsi mubikoresho byose, ntabwo rero bitangaje kuba tugikoresha ibiti byinshi kuruta ibindi bikoresho kugirango twubake ubwacu."
Imbaraga karemano yibiti no gutuza
Igiti nikintu gisanzwe gikomeye, cyoroshye. Ibiti birashobora kwihanganira imbaraga zikomeye ziterwa n'umuyaga, ikirere ndetse n'ibiza. Ibi birashoboka kuko ibiti bigizwe ningirabuzimafatizo ndende. Nibishushanyo bidasanzwe birebire byinkuta za selile biha inkwi imbaraga zubaka. Inkuta za selile zikozwe muri selile, lignin na hemicellulose. Iyo ihinduwe mubiti, utugingo ngengabuzima dukomeza gutanga uburemere bworoshye, ibisubizo byubaka byubaka nimbaraga ugereranije nibindi bikoresho byubaka.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, nubwo uburemere bwabyo bworoshye, ibikomoka ku biti birashobora kwihanganira imbaraga zitari nke - cyane cyane iyo imbaraga zo guhonyora hamwe n’ingutu zikoreshejwe zisa n’ibinyampeke. Kurugero, kare imwe ya Douglas-fir, cm 10 x x cm 10, irashobora gushigikira hafi kg 5.000 muri compression ihwanye ningano. Nkibikoresho byubaka, ibiti bikora neza mugihe uhangayitse kuko ni ibintu bikomeye - aho bizagoramye mbere yo kwambara cyangwa gutsindwa. Ibiti nibyiza kumiterere aho imihangayiko ihoraho kandi isanzwe, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubintu bitwara imitwaro myinshi mugihe kirekire.
Inguzanyo y'ifoto: Nik West
Igiti cyubushakashatsi nicyiza cyo guhitamo hanze
Imyaka irenga icumi, ibiti bigaragara muri Sitasiyo ya Brentwood Town Center bisa nkibishya. Kugirango ikomeze gukora kandi isa neza ikipe yakoresheje gusa itanura ryumye cyangwa ryakozwe na injeniyeri kandi ryashushanyije imiterere ya sitasiyo kuburyo bwo kwirinda ikirere inkwi binyuze mu gutandukana no kuhira.
Gutandukana, gutemba, kumisha no kuramba kwinyubako
Ibibazo nko kubora no kubumba birashobora kwirindwa hifashishijwe ibisobanuro birambuye byamazu yimbaho kugirango wirinde guhura n’amazi n’ubushuhe. Ubushuhe burashobora gucungwa, no kubora bikarindwa mumazu yimbaho ukoresheje ingamba enye zisanzwe: gutandukana, kuvoma, gukama nibikoresho biramba.
Gutandukana no gutemba ni imirongo yambere yo kwirwanaho. Ibikoresho byo gutandukana (nko kwambika no kumurika idirishya) bifata urubura, imvura nandi masoko yubushuhe hanze yinyubako kandi bikayitandukanya n’ahantu hakomeye. Imiyoboro ituma amazi yinjira mu mazi akurwa hanze y’inyubako byihuse, nk'umuyoboro w'amazi winjiye mu rukuta rw'imvura.
Kuma bifitanye isano no guhumeka, gutembera mu kirere no guhumeka inyubako y'ibiti. Muri iki gihe inyubako zubakishijwe ibiti zirashobora kugera ku muyaga mwinshi mugihe zisigaye zinjira. Muri iki gihe, ubushuhe bukwirakwizwa hanze bigabanya ingaruka ziterwa no gukura no gukura muburyo bwo kongera ubushyuhe.
Pariki ya Olempike Parike | Inguzanyo y'ifoto: Amategeko ya KK
Kuki inkwi ari amahitamo meza kubidukikije?
Hamwe nigishushanyo kiboneye, ibicuruzwa byinshi nubwoko byinshi birwanya ubuhehere bwinshi ndetse n’imiti myinshi n’ibintu bigira ingaruka mbi ku bindi bikoresho, nk'umunyu wangirika, aside ya acide, imyuka y’inganda n’umwuka wo mu nyanja. Kubera kurwanya ibyo bintu, ibiti akenshi bikwiranye ninyubako zifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe nkibikoresho byo mumazi. Igiti ni hygroscopique - bivuze ko izahora ihanahana umwuka n’umwuka ukikije - ifasha mu kugenzura ubushuhe no kuringaniza ubuhehere bwo mu nzu. Imiterere yimbaho mubidukikije, nkibikoresho byo mu mazi, bizarwanya kugabanuka cyangwa kugabanuka bitewe nubushuhe.
Kuramba karemano no kurwanya kubora
Hamwe no gutandukana, kuvoma no gukama, ibiti bisanzwe biramba ni umurongo wongeyeho wo kwirwanaho. Amashyamba ya Columbiya y’Ubwongereza atanga amoko asanzwe arambye harimo imyerezi itukura y’iburengerazuba, imyerezi y’umuhondo na Douglas-fir. Ubu bwoko butanga urwego rutandukanye rwo kurwanya udukoko no kubora muburyo bwa kamere, kubera imiti myinshi y’imiti kama ikuramo. Ibikururwa nibisanzwe biboneka mumiti ishyirwa mumutima wubwoko bwibiti bimwe na bimwe mugihe bihindura ibiti byumutima. Ubwoko nk'ubwo bukwiranye no gukoresha hanze nko kuruhande, kurigata, kuzitira, ibisenge no gushushanya idirishya - rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa no gukora ubwato no gukoresha inyanja bitewe nigihe kirekire.
Imiterere yimbaho itanga imikorere irambye kandi gukoresha ibisobanuro birambuye akenshi bivanaho gukenera imiti. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo ibiti bigaragaye kandi bigahora bihura n’amazi - nko gutaka hanze cyangwa kuruhande - cyangwa gukoreshwa mu turere dukunze kwibasirwa n’udukoko twangiza ibiti, hashobora gukenerwa izindi ngamba. Ibi birashobora kubamo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana hamwe nubuvuzi bwumuvuduko mwinshi kugirango utange ubundi buryo bwo kurwanya kubora. Kwiyongera, abashushanya ibintu bahindukirira ibisubizo bishya byubushakashatsi hamwe nubuvuzi karemano bwibiti bigabanya cyangwa bikumira ikoreshwa ryimiti igabanya ubukana.
Bane Bakira Ibihugu Byambere Pavilion | Inguzanyo y'ifoto: Amategeko ya KK
Amakara yimbitse atanga ubwiza kandi yometse
Ikigo cyitwa Wood Innovation and Design Centre, umushinga muremure wo kwerekana ibiti, wambaye imyerezi isanzwe y’ikirere kandi yatwitse imyerezi itukura y’iburengerazuba - ni uburyo bwo gukingira bwatangiriye mu Buyapani mu kinyejana cya 18 bwitwa shou sugi ban. Yatekerejweho nyuma yuburanga bwihariye, inzira irayihindura umukara mwinshi cyane wamakara mugihe uyiha imbaraga zo kurwanya udukoko, umuriro nikirere.
Guhanga udushya no gushushanya Ikigo | Inguzanyo y'ifoto: Ibikorwa bya Brudder
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-05-2025
