Te Tātari i te Hanganga me te Ngatata o te Wehewehenga Phosphorus i roto i te maitai hanganga waro
I tēnei wā, ko ngā whakatakotoranga noa o ngā tokotoko waea maitai hanganga waro me ngā pae e whakaratohia ana e ngā mira maitai o te kāinga ko φ5.5-φ45, ā, ko te awhe kua pakeke ake ko φ6.5-φ30. He maha ngā aituā kounga i puta mai i te wehenga o te whākawa i roto i ngā rauemi mata o ngā tokotoko waea me ngā pae iti. Me kōrero tātou mō te awe o te wehenga whākawa me te tātari i te hanganga o ngā kapiti hei tirohanga māu.
Mā te tāpiri o te whākōkī ki te rino ka taea te kati i te rohe āhua austenite i roto i te hoahoa āhua rino-waro. Nō reira, me whakanui ake te tawhiti i waenga i te totoka me te wai. Ina whakamataohia te maitai kei roto te whākōkī mai i te wai ki te totoka, me haere i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui. He puhoi te tere horapa o te whākōkī i roto i te maitai. I tēnei wā, ka whakakīia te rino rewa me te kukū teitei o te whākōkī (te ira rewa iti) ki ngā āputa i waenga i ngā dendrite totoka tuatahi, ā, ka hangaia he wehenga whākōkī.
I roto i te tukanga whakamātao, i te tukanga whakaputanga makariri rānei, ka kitea pinepine ngā hua pakaru. Mā te tirotiro me te tātaritanga whakarewa o ngā hua pakaru ka kitea kua horapa te ferrite me te pearlite i roto i ngā whitiki, ā, ka kitea mārama he rīpene rino mā i roto i te matrix. I roto i te ferrite, kei reira ngā whakaurunga whanariki hina mārama āhua-ripeka i runga i tēnei matrix ferrite āhua-ripeka. Ko tēnei hanganga āhua-ripeka i puta mai i te wehenga o te whanariki phosphide ka kiia ko te "raina wairua". Nā te mea ko te rohe whai-pūkawa i te rohe he nui te wehenga o te pūkawa ka puta he mā, he kanapa. Nā te nui o te ihirangi pūkawa o te whitiki mā me te kanapa, ka iti te ihirangi waro i roto i te whitiki mā me te kanapa whai-pūkawa, ka iti rānei te ihirangi waro. Mā tēnei ara, ka whanake ngā tioata poutū o te pereti whakarewa tonu ki waenganui i te wā e whakarewa tonu ana te whitiki whai-pūkawa. . Ina whakapakeketia te pireti, ka puta tuatahi ngā dendrite austenite mai i te maitai rewa. Ka whakaitihia te whākōkī me te whanariki kei roto i ēnei dendrite, engari he nui ngā huānga poke whākōkī me te whanariki o te maitai rewa kua totoka, ka totoka i waenganui i te tuaka dendrite, nā te nui o te whākōkī me te whanariki, ka hanga te whākōkī whanariki, ā, ka rewa te whākōkī i roto i te matrix. Kāore e ngāwari te horapa, ā, he pānga ki te tuku waro. Kāore e taea te rewa te waro, nō reira he nui ake te ihirangi waro huri noa i te otinga totoka whākōkī (ngā taha o te whitiki mā ferrite). Ko te huānga waro i ngā taha e rua o te whitiki ferrite, arā, i ngā taha e rua o te rohe whai whākōkī-whakarei, ka hanga he whitiki pearlite whaiti, ā-wāhanga e whakarara ana ki te whitiki mā ferrite, ā, ka wehea te kiko noa e tata ana. Ina werahia, ka pēhia te papa, ka toro atu ngā toki i te ahunga tukatuka hurihuri. Nā te mea he nui te whākōkī kei roto i te whitiki ferrite, arā, ko te wehenga nui o te whākōkī ka arahi ki te hanganga o te hanganga whitiki ferrite whānui me te kanapa, me te rino mārama. He rārangi hina mārama o te whākōkī i roto i te whitiki whānui me te kanapa o te tinana huānga. Ko tēnei roopu ferrite whai kiko i te phosphorus me ngā rīpene roa o te sulfide te mea e kiia nei e tātou ko te whakahaere "ghost line" (tirohia te Pikitia 1-2).
Ahua 1 Waea wairua i roto i te maitai waro SWRCH35K 200X
Ahua 2 Waea wairua i roto i te maitai waro noa Q235 500X
Ina hurihia te maitai ki te wera, mena kei roto tonu te wehenga o te whākawa i roto i te papa, e kore e taea te whiwhi i tētahi hanganga moroiti ōrite. Heoi anō, nā te wehenga nui o te whākawa, kua hangaia he hanganga "waea wairua", ka whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te rauemi.
He mea noa te wehewehenga o te whākōkī i roto i te maitai waro, engari he rerekē te nui. Ina tino wehea te whākōkī (ka puta te hanganga "rārangi wairua"), ka pā kino rawa atu ki te maitai. He mārama, ko te wehenga nui o te whākōkī te take o te pakaru o te rauemi i te wā o te tukanga whakamatao. Nā te mea he rerekē te nui o te whākōkī i roto i ngā kōhao maitai, he rerekē te kaha me te pakeke o te rauemi; i tētahi atu ringa, ka puta hoki te ahotea o roto i te rauemi, ka whakatairanga i te ngāwari o te pakaru o roto o te rauemi. I roto i te rauemi he "waea wairua", ko te whakaiti i te pakeke, te kaha, te roa i muri i te whati me te whakaiti i te horahanga, inā koa ko te whakaiti i te pakari o te pānga, ka arahi ki te pakarukaru makariri o te rauemi, nō reira he tino hononga te nui o te whākōkī me ngā āhuatanga hanganga o te maitai.
Te Kitenga Whakarewa I roto i te kiko "rārangi wairua" i waenganui o te tirohanga, he nui ngā whanariki roa hina mārama. Ko ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa i roto i te maitai hanganga kei te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te ahua o ngā waikura me ngā whanariki. E ai ki te GB/T10561-2005 "Tikanga Tirotiro Matūriki Paerewa mō te Ihirangi o ngā Whakaurunga Kore-whakarewa i roto i te Maitai", ka whakamomonahia ngā whakaurunga Momo B i tēnei wā. Ka eke te taumata rauemi ki te 2.5 me runga ake. E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ko ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa he pūtake pea o ngā pakaru. Ka tino kino te haere tonu me te kiato o te hanganga moroiti maitai, ā, ka tino whakaiti i te kaha o te maitai. Mai i tēnei ka whakatauhia ko te noho o ngā whanariki i roto i te "rārangi wairua" o te hanganga o roto o te maitai te wāhi tino pea mō te pakaru. Nō reira, ko ngā pakaru hanga makariri me ngā pakaru tinei maimoatanga wera i roto i te maha o ngā wāhi hanga whakapiri ka puta mai i te maha o ngā whanariki angiangi hina mārama. Ka whakangaro te āhua o aua momo whatu kino i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga whakarewa, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te maimoatanga wera. Kāore e taea te tango i te "miro wairua" mā te whakataurite, me ētahi atu mea anō hoki, ā, me tino whakahaere ngā huānga poke mai i te tukanga whakarewa, i mua rānei i te urunga o ngā rauemi mata ki te wheketere.
Ka wehea ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa ki te silicate alumina (momo A) (momo C) me te waikura porowhita (momo D) i runga i tō rātou hanganga me te āhua rerekē. Ka tapahia e tō rātou noho te haere tonu o te whakarewa, ā, ka puta he poka, he kapiti rānei i muri i te tihorenga. He tino ngāwari te hanga i tētahi pūtake kapiti i te wā e whakamatao ana, ā, ka puta he kukū ahotea i te wā e whakamahanatia ana, ka hua ake he pakaru tinei. Nō reira, me tino whakahaere ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa. Kāore ngā paerewa maitai GB/T700-2006 "Waro Hanganga Rino" me GB/T699-2016 "Kounga-Tiketike Waro Hanganga Rino" e whakamārama ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā whakaurunga kore-whakarewa. Mō ngā wāhanga nui, ko ngā rārangi matotoru me ngā rārangi angiangi o A, B, me C kāore i te neke atu i te 1.5, ā, ko ngā rārangi matotoru me ngā rārangi angiangi o D me D kāore i te neke atu i te 2.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-21-2021
