Isesengura ry'imiterere n'igabanuka ry'itandukaniro rya fosifore mu byuma by'ubwubatsi bya karuboni

Isesengura ry'imiterere n'igabanuka ry'itandukaniro rya fosifore mu byuma by'ubwubatsi bya karuboni

Kugeza ubu, ibipimo bisanzwe by’insinga n’imigozi by’icyuma bikozwe mu nganda zikora ibyuma byo mu rugo ni φ5.5-φ45, naho urwego rukuze ni φ6.5-φ30. Hari impanuka nyinshi nziza ziterwa no gutandukanya fosifore mu bikoresho by’ibanze bito by’insinga n’imigozi. Reka tuvuge ku ngaruka zo gutandukanya fosifore n’isesengura ry’irema ry’imirongo kugira ngo urebe uko wabyifashisha.

Kongera fosifore mu cyuma bishobora gufunga agace k’igice cya austenite mu gishushanyo cy’igice cya feri na karuboni. Kubwibyo, intera iri hagati ya solidus n’ikinyabutabire igomba kwaguka. Iyo icyuma kirimo fosifore gikonjeshejwe kuva ku kintu kijya ku kintu gikomeye, kigomba kunyura mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Igipimo cyo gukwirakwira kwa fosifore mu cyuma kiragenda buhoro. Muri iki gihe, icyuma gishongeshejwe gifite fosifore nyinshi (aho gushonga hasi) cyuzuzwa mu cyuho kiri hagati ya dendrites za mbere zikomeye, bityo bigatera gutandukana kwa fosifore.

Mu gihe cyo gusohora ibintu bikonje cyangwa bikonje, ibintu byacitse bikunze kugaragara. Igenzura n'isesengura ry'ibicuruzwa byacitse rigaragaza ko ferrite na pearlite bikwirakwizwa mu migozi, kandi agace k'icyuma cyera kagaragara neza muri matrix. Muri ferrite, hari ibintu bya sulfide y'umukara wijimye bigaragara kuri iyi matrix ya ferrite. Iyi miterere imeze nk'umugozi iterwa no gutandukanya fosfide ya sulfur yitwa "umurongo w'umwuka". Ibi biterwa nuko agace gakungahaye kuri fosfide mu gace gafite fosfide nyinshi gatandukanye gasa n'umweru kandi karabagirana. Bitewe n'ingano nyinshi ya fosforu mu mukandara wera n'umucyo, ingano ya karuboni mu mukandara wera n'umucyo urimo fosforu iragabanuka cyangwa ingano ya karuboni ikaba nto cyane. Muri ubu buryo, kristu z'inkingi za slab ikomeza gucukurwa zitera imbere zigera hagati mu gihe cyo gucukura umukandara urimo fosforu. Iyo billet ikomera, dendrite za austenite zibanza gukurwa mu cyuma cyashongeshejwe. Fosifore na sulfure biri muri izi dendrite biragabanuka, ariko icyuma cyashongeshejwe cya nyuma gikungahaye ku bintu bihumanya bya fosifore na sulfure, bikomera hagati y’umurongo wa dendrite, bitewe n’ingano nyinshi ya fosifore na sulfure, sulfure izarema sulfure, na fosifore izashongeshwa muri matrix. Ntabwo byoroshye gukwirakwira kandi bigira ingaruka zo gusohora karuboni. Karuboni ntishobora gushongeshwa, bityo hafi y’umuti wa fosifore (Impande z’umukandara wera wa ferrite) zifite ingano nyinshi ya karuboni. Igice cya karuboni ku mpande zombi z’umukandara wa ferrite, ni ukuvuga ku mpande zombi z’agace gakungahaye kuri fosifore, bikora umukandara muto, ugenda uhuza umukandara wera wa ferrite, n’uruti rusanzwe ruri hafi. Iyo billet ishyushye kandi igakanda, imigozi izagenda mu cyerekezo cyo kuyitunganya. Ni ukubera ko umukandara wa ferrite urimo fosifore nyinshi, ni ukuvuga ko gutandukanya fosifore bikomeye bituma habaho imiterere ikomeye ya ferrite, ifite icyuma kigaragara. Hariho uduce tworoheje twa sulfure mu mukandara mugari kandi ugaragara w’umubiri w’ikintu. Iyi ferrite ikunzwe cyane na fosifore ifite imirongo miremire ya sulfide ni yo dukunze kwita "umurongo w'ibizima" (reba Ishusho ya 1-2).