Ukuhlaziywa Kokwakheka Nokuqhekeka Kokuhlukaniswa Kwe-Phosphorus Ensimbini Yesakhiwo Sekhabhoni
Njengamanje, izincazelo ezivamile zezinduku zocingo zensimbi ezakhiwe ngekhabhoni kanye nemigoqo enikezwa yimishini yensimbi yasekhaya yi-φ5.5-φ45, kanti ububanzi obuvuthiwe buyi-φ6.5-φ30. Kunezingozi eziningi zekhwalithi ezibangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezincane zenduku yocingo kanye nemigoqo. Ake sixoxe ngethonya lokuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwemifantu ukuze ubhekisele kukho.
Ukwengezwa kwe-phosphorus ensimbini kungavala ngokufanayo indawo yesigaba se-austenite kumdwebo wesigaba se-iron-carbon. Ngakho-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwe-solidus ne-liquidus kumele landiswe. Lapho insimbi equkethe i-phosphorus ipholiswa kusukela kuketshezi iye kokuqinile, idinga ukudlula ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi. Izinga lokusabalala kwe-phosphorus ensimbini lihamba kancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, insimbi encibilikisiwe ene-phosphorus concentration ephezulu (indawo yokuncibilika ephansi) igcwaliswa ezikhaleni eziphakathi kwama-dendrite okuqala aqinile, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus.
Enkambisweni yokubanda noma yokuphuma ebandayo, imikhiqizo eqhekekile ivame ukubonakala. Ukuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic kwemikhiqizo eqhekekile kukhombisa ukuthi i-ferrite ne-pearlite zisatshalaliswa ngamabhande, futhi umucu wensimbi emhlophe ungabonakala ngokucacile ku-matrix. Ku-ferrite, kunezinhlanganisela ze-sulfide ezimpunga ezikhanyayo ezimise okwebhendi kule matrix ye-ferrite efana nebhendi. Lesi sakhiwo esimise okwebhendi esibangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-sulfur phosphide sibizwa ngokuthi "umugqa we-ghost". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo ecebile nge-phosphorus endaweni enokwehlukaniswa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus ibonakala imhlophe futhi ikhanya. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus kwebhande elimhlophe nelikhanyayo, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ebhandeni elimhlophe nelikhanyayo elicebile nge-phosphorus kuyancipha noma okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuncane kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, amakristalu ekholomu e-constant casting slab athuthuka aye maphakathi ngesikhathi sokuphonswa okuqhubekayo kwebhande elicebile nge-phosphorus. Lapho i-billet iqina, ama-dendrite e-austenite aqala ukuvela ensimbini encibilikisiwe. I-phosphorus nesibabule eziqukethwe kula ma-dendrite ziyancipha, kodwa insimbi yokugcina eqinisiwe eqinisiwe icebile ngezinto zokungcola ze-phosphorus nesibabule, eziqina phakathi kwe-dendrite axis, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-phosphorus nesibabule, isibabule sizokwakha i-sulfide, futhi i-phosphorus izoncibilika ku-matrix. Akulula ukusabalalisa futhi kunomphumela wokukhipha ikhabhoni. I-carbon ayikwazi ukuncibilika ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke nxazonke kwesisombululo se-phosphorus esiqinile (Izinhlangothi zebhendi elimhlophe le-ferrite) zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni. I-carbon element kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zebhendi le-ferrite, okungukuthi, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zendawo ecebile nge-phosphorus, ngokulandelana yakha ibhande elincane, eliphakathi le-pearlite elihambisana nebhande elimhlophe le-ferrite, kanye nezicubu ezivamile eziseduze. Lapho i-billet ishiswa futhi icindezelwa, imiphini izonwebeka ngendlela yokucubungula. Kungenxa yokuthi ibhendi le-ferrite liqukethe i-phosphorus ephezulu, okungukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus kuholela ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo sebhendi le-ferrite elibanzi nelikhanyayo, elinensimbi esobala. Kunemichilo empunga ekhanyayo ye-sulfide ebhendini elibanzi nelikhanyayo lomzimba we-element. Leli bhande le-ferrite elicebile nge-phosphorus elinemicu emide ye-sulfide yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi inhlangano "yomugqa wezipoki" (bheka uMfanekiso 1-2).
Umfanekiso 1 Intambo ye-Ghost ensimbini yekhabhoni i-SWRCH35K 200X
Umfanekiso 2 Intambo ye-Ghost ensimbini yekhabhoni engenalutho i-Q235 500X
Uma insimbi ishiswa, inqobo nje uma kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus ku-billet, akunakwenzeka ukuthola isakhiwo esincane esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus, kwakhiwa isakhiwo "se-ghost wire", esizonciphisa ngokungenakugwenywa izakhiwo zemishini zento.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-phosphorus ensimbini yekhabhoni kuvamile, kodwa izinga lihlukile. Uma i-phosphorus ihlukaniswe kakhulu (isakhiwo "somugqa wezipoki" sivela), kuzoletha imiphumela emibi kakhulu ensimbini. Ngokusobala, ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu kwe-phosphorus kuyimbangela yokuqhekeka kwezinto ngesikhathi senqubo yokubanda. Ngenxa yokuthi okusanhlamvu okuhlukene ensimbini kunokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus okuhlukile, izinto zinamandla nobunzima obuhlukile; ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi zenza izinto zikhiqize ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, kuzokhuthaza izinto ukuthi zithambekele ekuqhekekeni kwangaphakathi. Entweni enesakhiwo "se-wire yezipoki", kungukuncipha kobunzima, amandla, ukunwebeka ngemva kokuqhekeka nokunciphisa indawo, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa ukuqina komthelela, okuzoholela ekuqhekekeni okubandayo kwezinto, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi Kunobuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu.
Ukutholwa kwe-Metallographic Esicutshini "somugqa wezipoki" esiphakathi nendawo yokubuka, kunenani elikhulu lama-sulfide amade ampunga okhanyayo. Ukufakwa okungewona okwensimbi ensimbini yesakhiwo kutholakala kakhulu ngesimo sama-oxide nama-sulfide. Ngokusho kwe-GB/T10561-2005 "Ishadi Lokukala Elijwayelekile Indlela Yokuhlola i-Microscopic Yokuqukethwe Kokufakwa Okungewona okwensimbi eNsimbini", ukufakwa kohlobo B kuyavunguzwa ngalesi sikhathi Izinga lezinto lifinyelela ku-2.5 nangaphezulu. Njengoba sonke sazi, ukufakwa okungewona okwensimbi kuyimithombo engaba khona yokuqhekeka. Ukuba khona kwazo kuzolimaza kakhulu ukuqhubeka kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo sensimbi, futhi kunciphise kakhulu amandla ensimbi aphakathi kwe-granular. Kuvela kulokhu ukuthi ukuba khona kwama-sulfide "kumugqa wezipoki" wesakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi yindawo engenzeka kakhulu yokuqhekeka. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhekeka okubandayo kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okuqeda imifantu ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza izibambo kubangelwa inani elikhulu lama-sulfide amancanyana ampunga okhanyayo. Ukubonakala kwalezi zinsimbi ezimbi kubhubhisa ukuqhubeka kwezakhiwo zensimbi futhi kwandisa ingozi yokwelashwa ngokushisa. "Intambo yesipoki" ayikwazi ukususwa ngokuyilungisa, njll., futhi izinto ezingcolile kufanele zilawulwe ngokuqinile kusukela enkambisweni yokuncibilikisa noma ngaphambi kokuba izinto zokusetshenziswa zingene efektri.
Izinto ezingensimbi zihlukaniswe zibe yi-alumina (uhlobo A) silicate (uhlobo C) kanye ne-spherical oxide (uhlobo D) ngokuya ngokwakheka kwazo kanye nokukhubazeka kwazo. Ukuba khona kwazo kunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwensimbi, futhi imigodi noma imifantu kwakheka ngemva kokuxebuka. Kulula kakhulu ukwakha umthombo wemifantu ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka okubandayo futhi kubangele ukugcwala kokucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, okuholela ekucimeni ukuqhekeka. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezingensimbi kumele zilawulwe ngokuqinile. Izindinganiso zensimbi zamanje ze-GB/T700-2006 "Carbon Structural Steel" kanye ne-GB/T699-2016 "High-quality Carbon Structural Steel" azicacisi izidingo zezinto ezingensimbi. . Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile, imigqa eqinile nencane ye-A, B, kanye ne-C ngokuvamile ayidluli ku-1.5, kanti imigqa eqinile nencane ye-D kanye ne-D ayidluli ku-2.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-21-2021
