Kuongororwa kweKuumbwa uye Kutsemuka kweKupatsanurwa kwePhosphorus muCarbon Structural Steel
Parizvino, zvirevo zvakajairika zvesimbi dzesimbi dzakagadzirwa necarbon structure nemabhawa zvinopihwa nesimbi dzemumba ndezve φ5.5-φ45, uye huwandu hwakura hunosvika φ6.5-φ30. Kune tsaona dzakawanda dzemhando yepamusoro dzinokonzerwa nekuparadzaniswa kwephosphorus muzvinhu zvidiki zvesimbi nemabhawa. Ngatitaurei nezve pesvedzero yekuparadzaniswa kwephosphorus uye kuongororwa kwekuumbwa kwemitswe kuti muwane ruzivo.
Kuwedzerwa kwephosphorus musimbi kunogona kuvhara nzvimbo ye austenite phase mudhayagiramu ye iron-carbon phase. Nokudaro, daro riri pakati pe solidus ne liquidus rinofanira kuwedzerwa. Kana simbi ine phosphorus yatonhodzwa kubva mumvura kuenda kune yakasimba, inofanirwa kupfuura nepakati pekupisa kwakakura. Mwero wekupararira kwephosphorus musimbi unononoka. Panguva ino, simbi yakanyungudutswa ine phosphorus yakawanda (nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyunguduka) inozadzwa mumipata iri pakati pe dendrites yekutanga yakasimba, nokudaro ichigadzira kuparadzaniswa kwephosphorus.
Mukuita kwekubvisa zvinhu zvinotonhora kana kuti zvinotonhora, zvinhu zvinopwanyika zvinowanzoonekwa. Kuongorora nekuongorora zvinhu zvinopwanyika kunoratidza kuti ferrite nepearlite zvakapararira mumabhandi, uye chidimbu chesimbi chena chinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka mu matrix. Mu ferrite, mune zvinhu zvinosanganiswa ne ferrite light gray sulfide pa ferrite matrix iyi. Chimiro ichi chakaita sebhandi chinokonzerwa nekuparadzaniswa kwe sulfur phosphide chinonzi "ghost line". Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nzvimbo ine phosphorus yakawanda munzvimbo ine phosphorus segreation yakanyanya inoita sechena uye yakajeka. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwe phosphorus mubhandi jena nerakajeka, huwandu hwe carbon mubhandi jena nerakajeka rakapfuma mu phosphorus hunodzikira kana huwandu hwe carbon hushoma kwazvo. Nenzira iyi, makristaro e columnar e continuous casting slab anokura akananga pakati panguva yekukanda bhandi rakapfuma mu phosphorus. Kana billet yaoma, austenite dendrites inotanga yabviswa kubva musimbi yakanyungudutswa. Fosforasi nesarufa zviri mu dendrites idzi zvakaderera, asi simbi yakanyungudutswa yakasimba ine phosphorus nesarufa tsvina, iyo inosimba pakati pe dendrite axis, nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwephosphorus nesarufa, sarufa ichagadzira sulfide, uye phosphorus ichanyungudutswa mu matrix. Hazvisi nyore kupararira uye ine simba rekuburitsa kabhoni. Kabhoni haigone kunyungudutswa mukati, saka kutenderedza phosphorus solid solution (Mativi ebhendi jena referrite) ane huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni. Chinhu chekabhoni kumativi ese ebhendi referrite, ndiko kuti, kumativi ese enzvimbo yakapfuma nephosphorus, zvichiteerana zvinoumba bhandi rakatetepa, risingapindi pearlite rakafanana nebhandi jena referrite, uye tissue yakajairika iri pedyo. Kana billet yapiswa uye yadzvanywa, shafts dzichatambanuka dzichitevedza nzira yekugadzira. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo nekuti bhendi referrite rine phosphorus yakawanda, ndiko kuti, kupatsanurwa kwakakomba kwephosphorus kunotungamira pakuumbwa kwechimiro chebhendi referrite rakafara uye rakajeka, rine simbi yakajeka. Kune mitsetse yegrey grey yesulfide mubhendi rakafara uye rakajeka remuviri wechinhu. Iyi ferrite band ine phosphorus yakawanda ine mitsetse mirefu yesulfide ndiyo yatinowanzodaidza kuti "ghost line" organization (ona Mufananidzo 1-2).
Mufananidzo 1 Waya yemweya musimbi yekabhoni SWRCH35K 200X
Mufananidzo 2 Waya yemweya musimbi isina kabhoni Q235 500X
Kana simbi yakapetwa nekupisa, chero bedzi paine kupatsanurwa kwephosphorus mubhillet, hazvigoneke kuwana chimiro chakafanana. Uyezve, nekuda kwekupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kwephosphorus, chimiro che "ghost wire" chakagadzirwa, icho chichaderedza hunhu hwemakanika hwechinhu chacho.
Kupatsanurwa kwephosphorus musimbi yekabhoni kwakajairika, asi mwero wacho wakasiyana. Kana phosphorus ikaparadzaniswa zvakanyanya (chimiro che "ghost line") chikaonekwa), zvinounza mhedzisiro yakaipa kwazvo kusimbi. Zviri pachena kuti kupatsanurwa kwakanyanya kwephosphorus ndiko kunokonzera kupwanyika kwezvinhu panguva yekutonhora. Nekuti tsanga dzakasiyana musimbi dzine huwandu hwakasiyana hwephosphorus, chinhu chacho chine simba nekuoma kwakasiyana; kune rumwe rutivi, zvinoitawo kuti chinhu chibudise kushushikana kwemukati, zvinoita kuti chinhu chive nyore kupwanyika mukati. Muchinhu chine chimiro che "ghost wire", ndiko kudzikira kwekuoma, simba, kureba mushure mekutyoka uye kudzikira kwenzvimbo, kunyanya kudzikira kwekusimba kweimpact, izvo zvinotungamira kukusasimba kwechinhu, saka huwandu hwephosphorus uye hunhu hwechimiro chesimbi zvine hukama hwepedyo.
Kuonekwa kweMetallographic Mu "ghost line" tissue iri pakati pemunda wekuona, mune huwandu hwakawanda hwe sulfides dzakareba dzakareruka. Izvo zvisiri zvesimbi zvinowanikwa musimbi yekuvaka zvinonyanya kuwanikwa muchimiro che oxides ne sulfides. Sekureva kwe GB/T10561-2005 "Standard Grading Chart Microscopic Inspection Method yeContent yeNon-metallic Inclusions muSimbi", izvo zvinobatanidzwa zveType B zvinoputirwa panguva ino. Hunhu hwezvinhu hunosvika 2.5 zvichikwira. Sezvatinoziva tese, izvo zvisiri zvesimbi zvinogona kukonzera kuputika. Kuvapo kwazvo kuchakuvadza zvakanyanya kuenderera mberi uye kubatana kwe microstructure yesimbi, uye kunoderedza zvakanyanya simba repakati pegranular yesimbi. Kubva pane izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuvapo kwe sulfides mu "ghost line" yemukati mesimbi ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kukwakuka. Nokudaro, kuputika kwechando uye kupisa kudzima kuputika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugadzira fastener kunokonzerwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwe light grey slender sulfides. Kuonekwa kwemachira asina kunaka akadaro kunoparadza kuenderera mberi kwesimba resimbi uye kunowedzera njodzi yekurapwa nekupisa. "Tambo yemweya" haigone kubviswa nekuita kuti zvinhu zvisashande zvakanaka, nezvimwewo, uye zvinhu zvisina kuchena zvinofanirwa kudzorwa zvakasimba kubva pakunyungudutswa kwesimbi kana kuti zvinhu zvisati zvapinda mufekitori.
Zvinhu zvisina simbi zvinosanganiswa zvakakamurwa kuita alumina (rudzi A) silicate (rudzi C) uye spherical oxide (rudzi D) zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwazvo uye kushata kwazvo. Kuvapo kwazvo kunobvisa kuenderera mberi kwesimbi, uye makomba kana mitswe inoumbwa mushure mekubviswa. Zviri nyore kwazvo kugadzira maburi panguva yekutonhora uye kukonzera kushushikana panguva yekupisa, zvichikonzera kupwanyika. Naizvozvo, zvinhu zvisina simbi zvinosanganiswa zvinofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba. Mitemo yesimbi yemazuva ano yeGB/T700-2006 "Carbon Structural Steel" uye GB/T699-2016 "High-quality Carbon Structural Steel" hairatidzi zvakajeka zvinodiwa zvezvinhu zvisina simbi. . Kune zvikamu zvakakosha, mitsetse yakaoma uye yakapfava yeA, B, naC kazhinji haisi kupfuura 1.5, uye mitsetse yakaoma uye yakapfava yeD neD haisi kupfuura 2.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-21-2021
