I mea e hoʻohana ai i ka hoʻokele a me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka maʻalahi, pono e hoʻohana i kahi ʻano hana o kona hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻāpana maʻamau i kekahi mau ʻano hoʻokaʻawale paʻa i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia:
1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ke kahua o mākou
Wahi a nā ʻano hoʻohana like ʻole o nā mea paʻa, ua māhele ʻia nā mea paʻa honua i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ʻo kekahi he mau mea paʻa kumu maʻamau, ʻo kekahi he mau mea paʻa aerospace. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea paʻa kumu maʻamau. ʻO kēia ʻano kūlana hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻomohala honua ʻana e ka ISO/TC2 e hoʻomohala a ma lalo o ka malu o nā kūlana aupuni a i ʻole nā hui hoʻohālikelike ma nā ʻāina like ʻole e ʻike ʻia. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kūlana aupuni o Kina no nā mea paʻa e ke Komite ʻenehana Lahui no ka Hoʻohālikelike Fastener (SAC/TC85). Hoʻohana kēia mau mea paʻa i nā kaula maʻamau a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka ʻōnaehana papa, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mīkini, nā mea uila, ka halihali, ka hale kūʻai, ke kūkulu ʻana, ka ʻoihana kemika, ka hoʻouna ʻana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, akā no nā huahana honua aerospace a me nā huahana uila. Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana loiloi waiwai mechanical ke hōʻike i nā waiwai mechanical piha o nā mea paʻa, akā hōʻike nui i ka hiki ke lawe ukana. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau i kaupalena wale ʻia i nā ʻāpana mea a me nā ʻāpana, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i nā pae mea kikoʻī. Nā ʻāpana maʻamau no ʻoe
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa aerospace no nā kaʻa aerospace, e like me nā kūlana hoʻopaʻa i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ISO/TC20/SC4 honua e hoʻomohala a hāʻawi ʻia. Ua hui pū ʻia nā kūlana hoʻopaʻa aerospace Kina e nā kūlana koa aupuni, nā kūlana mokulele, a me nā kūlana aerospace. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā mea hoʻopaʻa aerospace penei: hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana maʻamau no ʻoe.
(1) Hoʻohana ke kaula i ke kaula MJ (ʻōnaehana metric), ke kaula UNJ (ʻōnaehana imperial) a i ʻole ke kaula MR.
(2) Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ikaika a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka mahana.
(3) Ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha māmā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikaika ma mua o 900Mpa, a hiki i ka 1800MPa a ʻoi aku paha.
(4) Kiʻekiʻe ke kikoʻī, hana maikaʻi anti-loosening a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe.
(5) Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā wahi paʻakikī.
(6) Nā koi koʻikoʻi no nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā ʻāpana maʻamau nou
2. Wahi a ke ʻano maʻamau kuʻuna
Wahi a nā ʻano kuʻuna o Kina, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa i nā bolts, studs, nati, wili, wili lāʻau, wili ponoʻī, washers, rivets, pines, apo paʻa, vice hoʻohui a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa - nā ʻākoakoa a me nā ʻano 13 ʻē aʻe. Ua hahai nā kūlana aupuni o Kina i kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana.
3. Wahi a inā paha ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamauWahi a ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kūlana, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ʻole. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi kūlana maʻamau, e like me nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau aupuni, nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau koa aupuni, nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau mokulele, nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau aerospace a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ʻoihana. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ʻole nā mea hoʻopaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻole i kahi kūlana maʻamau. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka laulā o ka noi, e hoʻokumu mālie ke ʻano maʻamau o nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻole-sandard i kahi kūlana maʻamau, e hoʻololi ʻia i nā mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau; aia kekahi mau mea hoʻopaʻa maʻamau ʻole, ma muli o nā ʻano kumu paʻakikī like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻopili wale ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana kūikawā.
4. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona wili i loko o ke ʻano geometric a i ʻole
Wahi a ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā geometric i loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona wili, ua māhele ʻia nā mea paʻa i nā mea paʻa wili (e like me nā bolts, nati, a pēlā aku) a me nā mea paʻa ʻole wili (e like me nā mea holoi, nā apo paʻa, nā pine, nā rivets maʻamau, nā rivets apo, a pēlā aku).
ʻO nā mea paʻa wili nā mea paʻa e hana i nā pilina ma o nā kaula. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā mea paʻa wili.
Wahi a ke ʻano o ke kaula, ua māhele ʻia nā mea paʻa i ulana ʻia i nā mea paʻa i ulana ʻia me ke metric, nā mea paʻa i ulana ʻia me ke ʻano like imperial, a pēlā aku.
Wahi a nā ʻano o ke kino makua, ua māhele ʻia nā mea paʻa i ulana ʻia i nā mea paʻa i ulana ʻia ma waho (e like me nā bolts, studs), nā mea paʻa i ulana ʻia ma loko (e like me nā nati, nā nati laka ponoʻī, nā nati laka kiʻekiʻe) a me nā mea paʻa i ulana ʻia ma loko a ma waho (e like me nā bushings ulana) 3 mau ʻāpana.
Wahi a nā ʻano kūlana o nā kaula ma ka mea paʻa, ua māhele ʻia nā mea paʻa i waho i nā wili, nā bolts a me nā studs.
5. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e nā mea
Wahi a ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea like ʻole, ua māhele ʻia nā mea paʻa i nā mea paʻa kila kila kalapona, nā mea paʻa kila kila huila, nā mea paʻa kila kila, nā mea paʻa kila wela kiʻekiʻe, nā mea paʻa alumini, nā mea paʻa titanium, nā mea paʻa titanium-niobium a me nā mea paʻa ʻaʻole metala.
6. Wahi a ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe nui
Wahi a nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea paʻa i nā mea paʻa hoʻonāukiuki (e like me nā rivets alumini alloy), ʻokiʻoki i nā mea paʻa (e like me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hexagonal a me ka hana ʻana o nā wili a me nā nati) a ʻokiʻoki i nā mea paʻa nodular (e like me ka hapa nui o nā wili, nā bolts a me nā bolts laka kiʻekiʻe). Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻonāukiuki i ke anu hoʻonāukiuki a me ka wela (mahana)..
7. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ke kūlana mālama ʻili hope loa
Wahi a ka ʻokoʻa o ke kūlana hope loa o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea paʻa i nā mea paʻa i mālama ʻole ʻia a me nā mea paʻa i mālama ʻia. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā mea paʻa i mālama ʻole ʻia, a hiki ke waiho ʻia i loko o ka waihona a hoʻouna ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻana ma hope o ka hala ʻana o nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe a me ka mālama wela. ʻO ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea paʻa e hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia ma ka mokuna mālama ʻili paʻa. Ma hope o nā mea paʻa i uhi ʻia me ka zinc, ua kapa ʻia nā mea paʻa i uhi ʻia me ka cadmium, ma hope o ka oxidation o nā mea paʻa ua kapa ʻia ʻo oxidation o nā mea paʻa. A pēlā aku.
8. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka ikaika
Wahi a ka ikaika like ʻole, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻopaʻa haʻahaʻa ikaika, nā mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika ultra-kiʻekiʻe 4 mau ʻāpana. Ua maʻa ka ʻoihana Fastener i nā waiwai mechanical o ka papa ma lalo o 8.8 a i ʻole ka ikaika tensile nominal o nā mea hoʻopaʻa ma lalo o 800MPa i kapa ʻia he mau mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika haʻahaʻa, nā waiwai mechanical o ka papa ma waena o 8.8 a me 12.9 a i ʻole ka ikaika tensile nominal o 800MPa-1200MPa i kapa ʻia he mau mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka ikaika tensile nominal ma waena o 1200MPa-1500MPa i kapa ʻia he mau mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika tensile nominal ma mua o 1500MPa i kapa ʻia he mau mea hoʻopaʻa ikaika ultra-kiʻekiʻe.
9.Hihia ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ukana hana
Wahi a ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano o ka ukana hana, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ke ʻano tensile a me ke ʻano shear. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa tensile e pili nui ana i ka ukana tensile a i ʻole ka ukana composite pull-shear; ʻo nā mea hoʻopaʻa shear e pili nui ana i ka ukana shear. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa tensile a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa shear i ke anawaena koʻokoʻo nominal a me ka lōʻihi o ke kaula wili, a pēlā aku. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa.
10. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me nā koi o ka hana ʻākoakoa
Wahi a nā ʻokoʻa o nā koi hana ʻākoakoa, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hoʻopaʻa pili ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi (ʻike ʻia hoʻi he mau mea hoʻopaʻa pili makapō) a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa pili ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa pili ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi wale nō e pono e hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao o ka hana i hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻākoakoa.
11. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻākoakoa a i ʻole
Wahi a ka hiki ke wehe ʻia ka ʻaha kūkā a i ʻole, ua māhele ʻia nā mea paʻa i nā mea paʻa wehe ʻia a me nā mea paʻa ʻaʻole wehe ʻia. ʻO nā mea paʻa wehe ʻia he mau mea paʻa e pono e wehe ʻia a hiki ke wehe ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma hope o ka ʻaha kūkā, e like me nā bolts, nā wili, nā nati maʻamau, nā mea holoi a pēlā aku. ʻO nā mea paʻa ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻaha kūkā, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana a ʻaʻole wehe ʻia kāna mau mea paʻa; pono e wehe ʻia, hiki ke wehe ʻia kēia ʻano mea paʻa, akā pinepine ke alakaʻi i nā mea paʻa a i ʻole nā loulou i ka ʻōnaehana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea paʻa, me nā ʻano rivets, nā bolts laka kiʻekiʻe, nā studs, nā nati laka kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā aku.
12. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻike loea
Wahi a nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea paʻa i 3 mau pae: haʻahaʻa, waena, a me ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua maʻa ka ʻoihana paʻa i ka pololei o ka māka kiʻekiʻe loa ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 7, ikaika ma lalo o 800MPa o nā mea hana maʻamau i kapa ʻia he mau mea paʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ia mau mea paʻa, haʻahaʻa ka ʻike ʻenehana a emi ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia; ʻo ka pololei o ka māka kiʻekiʻe loa he 6 a i ʻole 5, ikaika ma waena o 800MPa-1200MPa, aia kekahi mau koi o nā mea paʻa i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā mea paʻa waena, nona kekahi kekelē o ka paʻakikī ʻenehana, nā mea paʻa a me nā ʻike ʻenehana ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i nā mea paʻa kekahi paʻakikī ʻenehana, kekahi ʻike ʻenehana a me ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia; ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka māka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 5 mau pae, a i ʻole ka ikaika ma mua o 1200MPa, a i ʻole nā koi anti-fatigue, a i ʻole nā koi anti-temperature creep, a i ʻole nā koi anti-corrosion a me ka lubrication kūikawā, e like me nā mea paʻa kūikawā i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā mea paʻa kiʻekiʻe, he paʻakikī ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia.
Nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā mea paʻa, e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e like me ke ʻano o ke poʻo o nā mea paʻa, a pēlā aku, ʻaʻole e helu ʻia. Me nā mea hana, nā ʻōnaehana lako a me nā ʻano hana a pēlā aku e hoʻomau nei i ka hana hou, e hoʻokumu ʻia ka poʻe ma ka pono e hoʻokau i nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale mea paʻa hou.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-11-2024
