Hei whakamahi i te whakahaere me te whakaahuatanga o te watea, me whakamahi i tētahi tikanga motuhake mō tōna whakarōpūtanga. Kua whakarāpopototia ngā wāhanga paerewa ki roto i ētahi tikanga whakarōpūtanga whakapiri e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
1. Whakarōpūtanga e ai ki tā mātou mara
E ai ki ngā momo whakamahinga o ngā here, ka wehea ngā here o te ao kia rua ngā wāhanga: ko tētahi he here whānui, ko tētahi he here rererangi. Ko ngā here whānui he here noa e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko tēnei momo paerewa here i roto i te ao whānui e te ISO/TC2 hei whakawhanake, ā, i raro i te maru o ngā paerewa ā-motu, i ngā whakahaere paerewa rānei i roto i ngā whenua rerekē ka puta. Ko ngā paerewa ā-motu o Haina mō ngā here i whakatakotoria e te Komiti Hangarau ā-Motu mō te Paerewa Here (SAC/TC85). Ka whakamahia e ēnei here ngā miro noa me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te pūnaha tohu, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā mīhini, ngā hikohiko, te kawe waka, te toa, te hanga, te ahumahi matū, te kaipuke me ētahi atu mara, engari mō ngā hua whenua rererangi me ngā hua hiko hoki. Ka taea e te pūnaha whakatauranga āhuatanga miihini te whakaata i ngā āhuatanga miihini whānui o ngā here, engari ko te nuinga e whakaata ana i te kaha kawe kawenga. Ko te pūnaha he mea here noa ki ngā kāwai rauemi me ngā wāhanga, kāore i te herea ki ngā tohu rauemi motuhake. Ngā wāhanga paerewa māu.
He mea hanga ngā here ā-rangi mō ngā here waka ā-rangi, ā, ko ēnei paerewa here kei roto i te ISO/TC20/SC4 o te ao hei whakawhanake, hei hono atu hoki. Ko ngā paerewa here ā-rangi o Haina e hono ana ki ngā paerewa hōia ā-motu, ngā paerewa rererangi, me ngā paerewa ā-rangi. Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā here ā-rangi koia ēnei: ko ngā wāhanga paerewa e whakaratohia ana māu..
(1) Ka whakamahia e te miro te miro MJ (pūnaha ine), te miro UNJ (pūnaha emepaea) te miro MR rānei.
(2) Ka whakamahia te whakatauranga kaha me te whakatauranga pāmahana.
(3) He kaha nui, he mama hoki, ko te taumata kaha he nui ake i te 900Mpa, tae atu ki te 1800MPa, neke atu rānei.
(4) He tino tika, he pai te mahi ārai-werowero, ā, he tino pono.
(5) Ka taea te urutau ki ngā taiao uaua.
(6) Ngā whakaritenga tino pakari mō ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana. Ko ngā wāhanga paerewa māu
2. E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga tuku iho
E ai ki ngā tikanga tuku iho o Haina, ka wehea ngā whakapiripiri ki ngā pūtu, ngā titi, ngā nati, ngā tīwiri, ngā tīwiri rakau, ngā tīwiri whakapiri-ake, ngā mōwhiti, ngā riveti, ngā pine, ngā mowhiti pupuri, ngā hononga me ngā whakapiripiri – ngā huihuinga me ētahi atu wāhanga 13. Kua whai ngā paerewa ā-motu o Haina i tēnei whakarōpūtanga.
3. E ai ki te whanaketanga o te whakarōpūtanga paerewaE ai ki te whanaketanga o ngā paerewa, ka wehea ngā here ki ngā here paerewa me ngā here kore-paerewa. Ko ngā here paerewa he here kua whakapūmautia, ā, kua hangaia he paerewa, pērā i ngā here paerewa ā-motu, ngā here paerewa hōia ā-motu, ngā here paerewa rererangi, ngā here paerewa rererangi me ngā here paerewa hinonga. Ko ngā here kore-paerewa he here kāore anō kia hangaia he paerewa. I te whānui haere o te whānuitanga o te tono, ka āta hanga te ia whānui o ngā here kore-paerewa hei paerewa, ka huri hei here paerewa; kei reira anō hoki ētahi here kore-paerewa, nā te maha o ngā āhuatanga uaua, ka taea anake te whakamahi hei wāhanga motuhake.
4. Te whakarōpūtanga i runga i te mea kei roto i te hanganga āhuahanga ngā āhuatanga miro, kāore rānei
E ai ki te hanganga āhuahanga kei roto ngā āhuatanga miro, ka wehea ngā whakapiripiri ki ngā whakapiripiri miro (pērā i ngā pūtu, nati, me ētahi atu) me ngā whakapiripiri kore-miro (pērā i ngā whāriki, ngā mowhiti pupuri, ngā pine, ngā rivet noa, ngā rivet awaawa mowhiti, me ētahi atu).
Ko ngā here miro he here e hono ana mā roto i ngā miro. Ka taea te wehewehe anō i ngā here miro.
E ai ki te momo miro, ka wehea ngā here miro ki ngā here miro ine, ngā here miro ōrite emepaea, me ētahi atu.
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga o te tinana matua, ka wehea ngā here miro ki ngā here miro o waho (pērā i ngā pūtu, ngā titi), ngā here miro o roto (pērā i ngā nati, ngā nati raka-ake, ngā nati raka teitei) me ngā here miro o roto, o waho hoki (pērā i ngā pūwero miro).
E ai ki ngā āhuatanga tūnga o ngā miro i runga i te whakapiri, ka wehea ngā whakapiri miro o waho ki ngā tīwiri, ngā pūtu me ngā titi.
5. Whakarōpūtanga mā te rauemi
E ai ki te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi rerekē, ka wehea ngā whakapiripiri ki ngā whakapiripiri maitai hanganga waro, ngā whakapiripiri maitai hanganga koranu, ngā whakapiripiri maitai kore waikura, ngā whakapiripiri koranu pāmahana-tiketike, ngā whakapiripiri koranu konumohe, ngā whakapiripiri koranu titanium, ngā whakapiripiri koranu titanium-niobium me ngā whakapiripiri kore-whakarewa.
6. E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga tikanga matua o te tukanga hanga
E ai ki ngā tikanga rerekē o te tukanga hanga, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā whakapiripiri ki ngā whakapiripiri whakakorikori (pērā i ngā rivet konumohe), ngā whakapiripiri tapahi (pērā i te tapahi pae hexagonal me te tukatuka i ngā tīwiri me ngā nati) me te tapahi i ngā whakapiripiri pona (pērā i te nuinga o ngā tīwiri, ngā pūtu me ngā pūtu raka teitei). Ka taea te wehewehe i te whakakorikori ki te whakakorikori makariri me te wera (mahana)..
7. Whakarōpūtanga e ai ki te mana maimoatanga mata whakamutunga
E ai ki te rerekētanga o te āhua o te maimoatanga mata whakamutunga, ka wehea ngā whakapiripiri ki ngā whakapiripiri kāore i maimoatia me ngā whakapiripiri i maimoatia. Ko ngā whakapiripiri kāore i maimoatia, kāore e whai maimoatanga motuhake, ā, ka taea te penapena me te tuku i muri i te horoinga e tika ana i muri i te tukanga whakahāngai me te whakamahana. Ko te maimoatanga o ngā whakapiripiri, ko te momo maimoatanga mata ka whakamāramahia i roto i te upoko maimoatanga mata whakapiripiri. I muri i ngā whakapiripiri whakakikoruatia konutea ka kiia ko ngā whakapiripiri whakakikoruatia konutea, i muri i ngā whakapiripiri whakakikoruatia cadmium ka kiia ko ngā whakapiripiri whakakikoruatia cadmium, i muri i te waikura o ngā whakapiripiri ka kiia ko te waikura o ngā whakapiripiri. Me ērā atu anō.
8. Whakarōpūtanga e ai ki te kaha
E ai ki te kaha rerekē, ka wehea ngā here ki ngā here iti-kaha, ngā here kaha-teitei, ngā here kaha-teitei me ngā here tino-teitei e 4 ngā wāhanga. Kua taunga te umanga here ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te karaehe i raro i te 8.8, te kaha kume ingoa rānei o ngā here iti iho i te 800MPa e mōhiotia ana ko ngā here kaha-iti, ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te karaehe i waenga i te 8.8 me te 12.9, te kaha kume ingoa rānei o waenga i te 800MPa-1200MPa e mōhiotia ana ko ngā here kaha-teitei, ko te kaha kume ingoa i waenga i te 1200MPa-1500MPa i waenga i ngā here e mōhiotia ana ko ngā here kaha-teitei, ko te kaha kume ingoa teitei ake i te 1500MPa e mōhiotia ana ko ngā here tino-teitei.
9. Te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga kawenga mahi
E ai ki te rerekētanga o te āhua o te kawenga mahi, ka wehea ngā whakapiripiri kia rua ngā wāhanga: te momo kume me te momo kutikuti. Ko ngā whakapiripiri kume ka pāngia e te kawenga kume, te kawenga hiato kume-kutikuti rānei; ko ngā whakapiripiri kutikuti ka pāngia e te kawenga kutikuti. Ko ngā whakapiripiri kume me ngā whakapiripiri kutikuti kei roto i te diameter tokotoko ingoa me te roa miro o ngā whakapiripiri miro, me ētahi atu. He rerekētanga ētahi.
10. Whakarōpūtanga kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te mahi huihuinga
E ai ki ngā rerekētanga o ngā whakaritenga whakahaere huihuinga, ka wehea ngā hononga whakapiripiri ki ngā hononga taha-kotahi (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā hononga whakapiripiri matapo) me ngā hononga taha-rua. Me hono noa ngā hononga whakapiripiri taha-kotahi ki te taha kotahi ka taea te whakaoti i te huihuinga.
11. Whakarōpūtanga i runga i te mea ka taea te wetewete i te huihuinga, kāore rānei
E ai ki te taea te wetewete i te huihuinga, ka wehea ngā hononga ki ngā hononga tango me ngā hononga kore tango. Ko ngā hononga tango he hononga me wetewete, ā, ka taea te wetewete i te wā e whakamahia ana i muri i te huihuinga, pērā i ngā pūtu, ngā tīwiri, ngā nati noa, ngā mīhini horoi me ētahi atu. Ko ngā hononga kore wetewete e pā ana ki te huihuinga, i roto i te whakamahinga o te tukanga, ā, kāore e wetewetehia ana hononga; me wetewete, ka taea hoki te wetewete i tēnei momo hononga, engari he maha ngā wā ka kore e taea te whakamahi anō i ngā hononga nā te kino o ngā hononga, tae atu ki ngā momo rivet, ngā pūtu raka teitei, ngā pou, ngā nati raka teitei, me ētahi atu.
12. Whakarōpūtia e ngā ihirangi hangarau
E ai ki ngā momo ihirangi hangarau, ka wehea ngā hononga kia toru ngā taumata: te iti-mutunga, te waenga-mutunga me te teitei-mutunga. Kua taunga te umanga hononga ki te tika o te tohu teitei rawa atu i te 7, te kaha iti iho i te 800MPa o ngā hononga rauemi whānui e kiia nei ko ngā hononga iti-mutunga, he iti ake te uaua o aua hononga hangarau, he iti ake te ihirangi hangarau me te iti ake te uara tāpiri; ko te tika o te tohu teitei rawa atu ko te 6, ko te 5 rānei, ko te kaha i waenga i te 800MPa-1200MPa, he whakaritenga motuhake o ngā hononga e mōhiotia ana ko ngā hononga waenga-whānui, he uaua hangarau, he hononga me ētahi atu ihirangi hangarau. He uaua hangarau ngā hononga, he ihirangi hangarau me te uara tāpiri; ko te tika o te tohu teitei rawa atu i te 5 ngā taumata, he kaha neke atu rānei i te 1200MPa, he whakaritenga ārai-ngoikore rānei, he whakaritenga ārai-pāmahana rānei, he whakaritenga ārai-waikura me te hinu motuhake rānei, pērā i ngā hononga rauemi motuhake e mōhiotia ana ko ngā hononga teitei-mutunga, he uaua hangarau aua hononga, he nui te ihirangi hangarau me te uara tāpiri.
He maha atu anō ngā huarahi hei whakarōpū i ngā here, pērā i te whakarōpūtanga i runga i te hanganga o te pane o ngā here, me ērā atu mea, kāore e rārangihia. I te haere tonu o ngā rauemi, ngā pūnaha taputapu me ngā tikanga tukanga me ērā atu mea ki te auaha, ka hāngai te tangata ki te hiahia ki te whakatakoto i ngā tikanga whakarōpūtanga here hou.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-11-2024
