Ukuze usebenzise ulawulo kunye nenkcazo yobuchule, kufuneka usebenzise indlela ethile yokwahlulahlula. Amacandelo aqhelekileyo ashwankathelwe kwiindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zokwahlulahlula izibophelelo:
1. Uhlu ngokwentsimi yethu
Ngokweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwezibophelelo, izibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: enye zizibophelelo zeenjongo ezibanzi, enye zizibophelelo zeenqwelo moya. Izibophelelo zeenjongo ezibanzi zisetyenziswa rhoqo zizibophelelo eziqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lwemigangatho yezibophelelo kulwahlulo lwamazwe ngamazwe yi-ISO/TC2 ukuphuhlisa kunye phantsi kwesambulela semigangatho yesizwe okanye imibutho yokumisela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuze ivele. Imigangatho yesizwe yaseTshayina yezibophelelo imiselwe yiKomiti yoBugcisa yeSizwe yoKumisa izibophelelo (SAC/TC85). Ezi zibophelelo zisebenzisa imisonto eqhelekileyo kunye neepropati zoomatshini zenkqubo yokulinganisa, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu koomatshini, kwi-elektroniki, kwezothutho, evenkileni, ekwakheni, kushishino lweekhemikhali, ekuthuthweni nakwamanye amasimi, kodwa nakwimveliso yomhlaba yeenqwelo moya kunye neemveliso ze-elektroniki. Inkqubo yokulinganisa iipropati zoomatshini inokubonakalisa iipropati zoomatshini ezibanzi zezibophelelo, kodwa ikakhulu ibonisa amandla okuthwala umthwalo. Inkqubo ngokubanzi inqunyelwe kuphela kwiindidi zezinto kunye namacandelo, ingakhawulelwanga kwiiklasi ezithile zezinto. Iindawo ezisemgangathweni kuwe
Izibophelelo zeenqwelo-moya zenzelwe izibophelelo zeenqwelo-moya, ezi migangatho yokubopha kwi-ISO/TC20/SC4 yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze iphuhliswe kwaye iqatshelwe. Imigangatho yokubopha yeenqwelo-moya yaseTshayina ngokwemigangatho yomkhosi wesizwe yokubopha, imigangatho yeenqwelo-moya, kunye nemigangatho yeenqwelo-moya. Iimpawu eziphambili zezibophelelo zeenqwelo-moya zezi zilandelayo: iindawo ezisemgangathweni zibonelelwa kuwe.
(1) Umsonto wamkela umsonto we-MJ (inkqubo ye-metric), umsonto we-UNJ (inkqubo yobukhosi) okanye umsonto we-MR.
(2) Umgangatho wamandla kunye nomgangatho wobushushu kusetyenziswa.
(3) Amandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obulula, umgangatho wamandla ngokubanzi ungaphezulu kwe-900Mpa, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1800MPa okanye nangaphezulu.
(4) Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokungakhululeki kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
(5) Iyahambelana neemeko ezintsonkothileyo.
(6) Iimfuneko ezingqongqo kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Iindawo ezisemgangathweni ezilungele wena
2. Ngokwendlela yokwahlulahlula ngokwesiko lemveli
Ngokwemikhwa yesintu yaseTshayina, izibophelelo zahlulwe zibe ziibholiti, izikhonkwane, amantongomane, izikrufu, izikrufu zomthi, izikrufu zokuzicofa, izihlambi, iirivethi, iiphini, iiringi zokugcina, izikhonkwane ezidibanisayo kunye nezibophelelo - iindibano kunye nezinye iindidi ezili-13. Imigangatho yesizwe yaseTshayina ibilandela olu hlulo.
3. Ngokwendlela uphuhliso lohlelo oluqhelekileyo oluphuhliswa ngayoNgokwendlela eziphuhliswe ngayo imigangatho, izibophelelo zahlulwe zibe zizibophelelo ezisemgangathweni nezingezizo ezisemgangathweni. Izibophelelo ezisemgangathweni zizibophelelo ezimiselweyo nezakha umgangatho, ezifana nezibophelelo ezisemgangathweni zesizwe, izibophelelo ezisemgangathweni zomkhosi wesizwe, izibophelelo ezisemgangathweni weenqwelo moya, izibophelelo ezisemgangathweni weenqwelo moya kunye nezibophelelo ezisemgangathweni zeshishini. Izibophelelo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni zizibophelelo ezingekakha umgangatho. Ngokukhula kobubanzi bokusetyenziswa, umkhwa jikelele wezibophelelo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni uya kwenza umgangatho kancinci kancinci, uguqulwe ube zizibophelelo ezisemgangathweni; kukwakho nezinye izibophelelo ezingezizo ezisemgangathweni, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinokusetyenziswa kuphela njengeendawo ezikhethekileyo.
4. Ukwahlulahlula ngokwendlela isakhiwo sejometri esiqulathe iimpawu ezinemisonto okanye akunjalo
Ngokwendlela isakhiwo sejometri esiqulathe ngayo iimpawu ezinemisonto, izibophelelo zahlulwe zibe zizibophelelo ezinemisonto (ezifana neebholiti, amantongomane, njl.njl.) kunye nezibophelelo ezingenamisonto (ezifana nezihlambi, iiringi zokugcina, iiphini, iirivethi eziqhelekileyo, iirivethi zeringi, njl.njl.).
Izibophelelo ezinemisonto zizinto zokubopha ezenza unxibelelwano ngokusebenzisa imisonto. Izibophelelo ezinemisonto zinokwahlulwahlulwa ngakumbi.
Ngokohlobo lomsonto, izibophelelo ezinemisonto zahlulwe zaba zizibophelelo ezinemisonto yemetric, izibophelelo ezinemisonto ye-Imperial uniform, njl.njl.
Ngokweempawu zokwakheka komzimba womzali, izibophelelo ezinemisonto zahlulwe zaba zizibophelelo zangaphandle ezinemisonto (ezifana neebholiti, ii-stud), izibophelelo zangaphakathi ezinemisonto (ezifana neenati, iinati ezizitshixayo, iinati ezitshixayo eziphezulu) kunye nezibophelelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezinemisonto (ezifana nee-bushings ezinemisonto) iindidi ezi-3.
Ngokweempawu zesimo semisonto kwi-fastener, izibophelelo zangaphandle ezinemisonto zahlulwe zibe zizikrufu, iibholiti kunye nee-stud.
5. Uhlu ngokwezinto eziphathekayo
Ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo izinto ezahlukeneyo, izibophelelo zahlulwe zaba zizibophelelo zentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni, izibophelelo zentsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy, izibophelelo zentsimbi engatyiwayo, izibophelelo ze-alloy ezishushu kakhulu, izibophelelo ze-aluminium alloy, izibophelelo ze-titanium alloy, izibophelelo ze-titanium-niobium alloy kunye nezibophelelo ezingezizo zesinyithi.
6. Ngokwendlela ephambili yokubumba indlela yokuhlelwa
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubumba, izibophelelo zingahlulwahlulwa zibe zizibophelelo eziphazamisayo (ezifana neerivethi ze-aluminium alloy), izibophelelo zokusika (ezifana nokusika kunye nokucubungula ii-screws kunye neenati ezinee-hexagonal bar) kunye nezibophelelo ezinamaqhuqhuva (ezifana nezikrufu ezininzi, iibholiti kunye neebholiti ezitshixwayo). Ukuxaka kungahlulwahlulwa kube kukuxaka okubandayo kunye nokushushu (okufudumeleyo).
7. Uhlu ngokwemeko yokugqibela yonyango lomphezulu
Ngokwemeko yokugqibela yonyango lomphezulu, izibophelelo zahlulwe ngokwezibophelelo ezinganyangwanga kunye nezibophelelo ezinyangwayo. Izibophelelo ezinganyangwanga ngokubanzi azinyangwa ngokukhethekileyo, kwaye zinokufakwa kwindawo yokugcina kwaye zithunyelwe emva kokucocwa okufunekayo emva kokudlula kwiinkqubo zokubumba kunye nonyango lobushushu. Unyango lwezibophelelo, uhlobo lonyango lomphezulu luchazwe kwisahluko sonyango lomphezulu wesibophelelo. Emva kokuba izibophelelo ezifakwe i-zinc zibizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezifakwe i-zinc, emva kokuba izibophelelo ezifakwe i-cadmium zibizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezifakwe i-cadmium, emva kokuba izibophelelo ezifakwe i-oxidation zibizwa ngokuba yi-oxidation of the fasteners. Njalo njalo.
8. Uhlu ngokwendlela amandla
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla, izibophelelo zahlulwe zibe zizibophelelo eziqinileyo, izibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu, izibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nezibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu kwiindidi ezi-4. Ishishini lezibophelelo liqhelene neempawu zoomatshini zenqanaba elingaphantsi kwe-8.8 okanye amandla okutsalwa angaphantsi kwe-800MPa ezibizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezinamandla aphantsi, iimpawu zoomatshini zenqanaba eliphakathi kwe-8.8 kunye ne-12.9 okanye amandla okutsalwa aphakathi kwe-800MPa-1200MPa ezibizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu, amandla okutsalwa aphakathi kwe-1200MPa-1500MPa phakathi kwezibophelelo ezaziwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu, amandla okutsalwa angaphezulu kune-1500MPa ezibizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu.
9. Cacisa uhlobo lohlulo lomthwalo osebenzayo
Ngokomahluko kuhlobo lomthwalo osebenzayo, izibophelelo zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lokutsalwa kunye nolokucheba. Izibophelelo zokutsalwa ikakhulu zixhomekeke kumthwalo wokutsalwa okanye umthwalo odibeneyo wokutsalwa; izibophelelo zokucheba ikakhulu zixhomekeke kumthwalo wokucheba. Izibophelelo zokutsalwa kunye nezibophelelo zokucheba kwi-nominal rod diameter kunye nobude bomsonto we-thread, njl. Kukho umahluko othile.
10. Uhlu ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kwendibano
Ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kwendibano, izibophelelo zahlulwe zaba zizibophelelo zoqhagamshelo olunecala elinye (ezaziwa ngokuba zizibophelelo zoqhagamshelo ezingaboniyo) kunye nezibophelelo zoqhagamshelo olunecala elinye. Izibophelelo zoqhagamshelo olunecala elinye kuphela ezifuna ukuqhagamshelwa kwelinye icala lomsebenzi, indibano ingagqitywa.
11. Uhlu ngokwendlela yokuba indibano ingasuswa okanye ayisuswanga
Ngokwendlela enokuthi indibano isuswe ngayo okanye ingasuswa ngayo, izibophelelo zahlulwe zibe zizibophelelo ezisuswayo nezingenakususwa. Izibophelelo ezisuswayo zizibophelelo ezifuna ukususwa kwaye zinokususwa kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa emva kokuhlanganiswa, ezifana neebholiti, izikrufu, iinuts eziqhelekileyo, iiwashers njalo njalo. Izibophelelo ezingasuswayo zibhekisa kwindibano, ekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo kwaye izibophelelo zayo azisuswanga; kufuneka zisuswe, olu hlobo lwezibophelelo lunokususwa, kodwa luhlala lukhokelela ekubeni izibophelelo okanye amakhonkco kwinkqubo angasetyenziswa kwakhona ngenxa yomonakalo kwizibophelelo, kubandakanya iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeriveti, iibholiti ezitshixayo eziphezulu, iistuds, iinuts ezitshixayo eziphezulu, njalo njalo.
12. Ihlelwe ngokwemixholo yobugcisa
Ngokwemixholo eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa, izibophelelo zahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba ama-3: ezisezantsi, eziphakathi kunye neziphezulu. Ishishini lezibophelelo liqhelene nokuchaneka okuphezulu kokumakisha akukho ngaphezulu kwe-7, amandla angaphantsi kwe-800MPa yezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ezibizwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezisezantsi, ezo zibophelelo azinzima kangako kwezobuchwepheshe, umxholo wezobuchwepheshe ophantsi kwaye ixabiso longeziwe kancinci; kuya kuba kukuchaneka okuphezulu kokumakisha kwe-6 okanye 5, amandla aphakathi kwe-800MPa-1200MPa, izinto ezifunekayo zineemfuno ezithile zezibophelelo ezaziwa ngokuba zizibophelelo eziphakathi, ezinobunzima obuthile kwezobuchwepheshe, izibophelelo kunye neminye imixholo yobugcisa. Izibophelelo zinobunzima obuthile kwezobuchwepheshe, umxholo othile wezobugcisa kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo; ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokumakisha okungaphezulu kwamanqanaba ama-5, okanye amandla angaphezu kwe-1200MPa, okanye iimfuno zokulwa nokudinwa, okanye iimfuno zokulwa nobushushu, okanye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokulwa nokugqwala kunye nokuthambisa, ezifana nezibophelelo zezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezaziwa ngokuba zizibophelelo eziphezulu, ezo zibophelelo zinzima kwezobuchwepheshe, umxholo ophezulu wezobugcisa kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo.
Kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokwahlulahlula izibophelelo, njengokwahlulahlula ngokwesakhiwo seentloko zezibophelelo, njalo njalo, ezingafanele zidweliswe. Njengoko izixhobo, iinkqubo zezixhobo kunye neendlela zenkqubo ziqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, abantu baya kusekelwa kwimfuneko yokubeka phambili iindlela ezintsha zokwahlulahlula izibophelelo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-11-2024
