Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kasamalidwe ndi kufotokozera kwa zosavuta, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira inayake yogawa. Zigawo zokhazikika zafotokozedwa m'njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogawa zomangira:
1. Kugawa magulu malinga ndi gawo la ife
Malinga ndi madera osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito zomangira, zomangira zapadziko lonse lapansi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: chimodzi ndi zomangira zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, china ndi zomangira zamlengalenga. Zomangira zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zomangira wamba. Mtundu uwu wa miyezo yomangira padziko lonse lapansi ndi ISO/TC2 kuti ipange ndipo pansi pa miyezo yadziko kapena mabungwe okhazikika m'maiko osiyanasiyana amawonekera. Miyezo yadziko lonse ya zomangira ku China imakhazikitsidwa ndi National Technical Committee for Fastener Standardization (SAC/TC85). Zomangira izi zimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wofanana ndi katundu wamakina a dongosolo la kalasi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakina, zamagetsi, mayendedwe, masitolo, zomangamanga, makampani opanga mankhwala, zotumiza ndi madera ena, komanso pazinthu zapansi pa ndege ndi zinthu zamagetsi. Dongosolo lowerengera katundu wamakina limatha kuwonetsa katundu wonse wamakina a zomangira, koma makamaka limasonyeza mphamvu yonyamula katundu. Dongosolo nthawi zambiri limangokhala m'magulu ndi zigawo zazinthu, osati m'magulu enaake azinthu. Zigawo zokhazikika kwa inu
Zomangira ndege zimapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zomangira zamagalimoto amlengalenga, miyezo yomangira ndege mu ISO/TC20/SC4 yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti ipangidwe ndikuyikidwa. Miyezo yomangira ndege ya China malinga ndi miyezo yankhondo yadziko lonse, miyezo ya ndege, miyezo ya ndege pamodzi. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomangira ndege ndi izi: zigawo zokhazikika zimaperekedwa kwa inu..
(1) Ulusiwu umagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa MJ (dongosolo la metric), ulusi wa UNJ (dongosolo lachifumu) kapena ulusi wa MR.
(2) Kuyesa mphamvu ndi kutentha kwa thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
(3) Mphamvu yayikulu komanso kulemera kopepuka, mphamvu nthawi zambiri imakhala yoposa 900Mpa, mpaka 1800MPa kapena kupitirira apo.
(4) Kulondola kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito abwino oletsa kumasula komanso kudalirika kwambiri.
(5) Yosinthika ku malo ovuta.
(6) Zofunikira kwambiri pa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zigawo zokhazikika zomwe zingakuthandizeni
2. Malinga ndi gulu lachikhalidwe
Malinga ndi zizolowezi zachikhalidwe za ku China, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mabolt, ma stud, mtedza, zomangira, zomangira zamatabwa, zomangira zodzigwira, zotsukira, ma rivets, ma pin, mphete zosungira, zomangira zolumikizira ndi zomangira - zomangira ndi magulu ena 13. Miyezo yadziko lonse la China yakhala ikutsatira gululi.
3. Malinga ndi ngati chitukuko cha gulu lokhazikikaMalinga ndi chitukuko cha miyezo, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu omangira okhazikika ndi osakhala ofanana. Zomangira zokhazikika ndi zomangira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa bwino ndikupanga muyezo, monga zomangira zokhazikika zadziko, zomangira zokhazikika zankhondo zadziko, zomangira zokhazikika zandege, zomangira zokhazikika zamlengalenga ndi zomangira zokhazikika zamakampani. Zomangira zosagwirizana ndi zomangira zomwe sizinapange muyezo. Pakukula kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito, chizolowezi cha zomangira zosakhala za sandard pang'onopang'ono chidzapanga muyezo, wosinthidwa kukhala zomangira zokhazikika; palinso zomangira zina zosakhala zofanana, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovuta, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo apadera.
4. Kugawa magulu malinga ndi ngati kapangidwe ka geometric kali ndi zinthu zolumikizidwa kapena ayi
Malinga ndi ngati kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi zinthu zokhala ndi ulusi, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu omangira okhala ndi ulusi (monga mabolts, mtedza, ndi zina zotero) ndi zomangira zopanda ulusi (monga ma washers, retaining rings, pini, ma rivets wamba, ma rivets a ring groove, ndi zina zotero).
Zomangira zokhala ndi ulusi ndi zomangira zomwe zimapanga maulumikizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi. Zomangira zokhala ndi ulusi zimatha kugawidwanso.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa ulusi, zomangira zolumikizidwa zimagawidwa m'magulu omangira olumikizidwa ndi ulusi wa metric, zomangira zolumikizidwa ndi ulusi wachifumu, ndi zina zotero.
Malinga ndi makhalidwe a kapangidwe ka thupi la kholo, zomangira zolumikizidwa zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu a zomangira zolumikizidwa zakunja (monga mabolts, stud), zomangira zolumikizidwa zamkati (monga mtedza, mtedza wodzitsekera wokha, mtedza wotseka kwambiri) ndi zomangira zolumikizidwa zamkati ndi zakunja (monga matabwa olumikizidwa) magulu atatu.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ulusi pa chomangira, zomangira zakunja zomangira zimagawidwa m'magawo monga zomangira, mabolts ndi ma stud.
5. Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu
Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zomangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi kaboni, zomangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi alloy, zomangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi alloy kutentha kwambiri, zomangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi alloy, zomangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi alloy titanium, zomangira zitsulo zopangidwa ndi alloy titanium-niobium ndi zomangira zopanda zitsulo.
6. Malinga ndi njira yayikulu yopangira njira yopangira
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, zomangira zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu omangirira okwiyitsa (monga ma rivets a aluminiyamu), zomangira zodulira (monga kudula ndi kukonza zomangira ndi mtedza wa hexagonal) ndi kudula zomangira zozungulira (monga zomangira zambiri, mabotolo ndi mabotolo okwera kwambiri). Zomangira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu okwiyitsa ozizira komanso otentha (ofunda)..
7. Kugawa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili pakhungu
Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa momwe zinthu zilili pa ntchito yomaliza yokonza pamwamba, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zomangira zosakonzedwa bwino ndi zomangira zokonzedwa bwino. Zomangira zosakonzedwa bwino nthawi zambiri sizimakonzedwa mwapadera, ndipo zimatha kusungidwa ndikutumizidwa pambuyo poyeretsa kofunikira pambuyo podutsa njira zomangira ndi kutentha. Chithandizo cha zomangira, mtundu wa chithandizo cha pamwamba chimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu gawo la chithandizo cha pamwamba pa zomangira. Zomangira zomangira zophimbidwa ndi zinki zimatchedwa zomangira zophimbidwa ndi zinki, pambuyo pa zomangira zophimbidwa ndi cadmium zimatchedwa zomangira zophimbidwa ndi cadmium, pambuyo pa okosijeni wa zomangira zimatchedwa okosijeni wa zomangira. Ndi zina zotero.
8. Kugawa magulu malinga ndi mphamvu
Malinga ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi: zomangira zotsika, zomangira zotsika, zomangira zotsika komanso zomangira zotsika kwambiri. Makampani opanga zomangira amazolowera mphamvu zamakina zomwe zili pansi pa 8.8 kapena mphamvu yomangirira yosakwana 800MPa yodziwika kuti zomangira zotsika, mphamvu yamakina yomwe ili pakati pa 8.8 ndi 12.9 kapena mphamvu yomangirira yapakati pa 800MPa-1200MPa yodziwika kuti zomangira zotsika, mphamvu yomangirira yapakati pa 1200MPa-1500MPa pakati pa zomangira zodziwika kuti zomangira zotsika, mphamvu yomangira yapakati pa 1500MPa yodziwika kuti zomangira zotsika kwambiri.
9. Lembani mtundu wa gulu la katundu wogwirira ntchito
Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu wa katundu wogwirira ntchito, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa zomangira ndi zometa. Zomangira zometa makamaka zimakhala ndi katundu womangirira kapena wokoka; zomangira zometa makamaka zimakhala ndi katundu wometa. Zomangira zometa ndi zomangira zometa mu kutalika kwa ulusi wa ndodo, ndi zina zotero. Pali kusiyana kwina.
10. Kugawa magulu malinga ndi zofunikira pa ntchito yomanga
Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa zofunikira pa ntchito yomanga, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zomangira ...
11. Kugawa malinga ndi ngati msonkhanowo ungasokonezedwe kapena ayi
Malinga ndi ngati msonkhano ungachotsedwe kapena ayi, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu omangira ochotseka ndi omangira osachotsedwa. Zomangira zochotseka ndi zomangira zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo zimatha kuchotsedwa munthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa msonkhano, monga mabolts, zomangira, mtedza wamba, ma washers ndi zina zotero. Zomangira zosachotsedwa zimatanthauza msonkhano, mukugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndipo zomangira zake sizimachotsedwa; ziyenera kuchotsedwa, mtundu uwu wa zomangira ukhozanso kuchotsedwa, koma nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti zomangira kapena maulalo ku dongosolo zisagwiritsidwenso ntchito chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zomangira, kuphatikizapo ma rivets osiyanasiyana, mabolts okwera, ma stud, mtedza wokwera, ndi zina zotero.
12. Yogawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi zomwe zili muukadaulo
Malinga ndi zomwe zili muukadaulo wosiyanasiyana, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: otsika, apakati komanso apamwamba. Makampani opanga zomangira amazolowera kuti kulondola kwambiri kwa chizindikiro sikoposa 7, mphamvu yochepera 800MPa ya zomangira zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimatchedwa zomangira zotsika, zomangira zotere sizili zovuta kwambiri paukadaulo, zili ndi ukadaulo wochepa komanso phindu lochepa; zidzakhala kulondola kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro cha 6 kapena 5, mphamvu pakati pa 800MPa-1200MPa, zinthuzo zili ndi zofunikira zina za zomangira zodziwika kuti zomangira zapakati, zomwe zili ndi vuto linalake laukadaulo, zomangira ndi zina zaukadaulo. Zomangira zimakhala ndi vuto linalake laukadaulo, zili ndi ukadaulo wowonjezera; kulondola kwakukulu kwa chizindikiro cha milingo yoposa 5, kapena mphamvu yoposa 1200MPa, kapena zofunikira zotsutsana ndi kutopa, kapena zofunikira zotsutsana ndi kutentha, kapena zofunikira zapadera zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri ndi mafuta, monga zomangira zapadera zodziwika kuti zomangira zapamwamba, zomangira zotere zimakhala zovuta paukadaulo, zili ndi ukadaulo wowonjezera komanso phindu lowonjezera.
Pali njira zina zambiri zogawira zomangira m'magulu, monga kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mitu ya zomangira, ndi zina zotero, zomwe siziyenera kulembedwa. Popeza zipangizo, makina a zida ndi njira zogwirira ntchito ndi zina zotero zikupitirizabe kupanga zinthu zatsopano, anthu adzadalira kufunika koyika njira zatsopano zogawira zomangira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-11-2024
