Ukuze usebenzise ukuphathwa kanye nencazelo yendlela elula, kudingeka usebenzise indlela ethile yokuhlukaniswa kwayo. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zifingqiwe ngezindlela eziningana ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuhlukaniswa kwe-fastener:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwensimu yethu
Ngokwezindawo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwezibambo, izibambo zomhlaba wonke zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: esinye izibambo zenhloso ejwayelekile, esinye izibambo zezindiza. Izibambo zenhloso ejwayelekile zivame ukusetshenziswa izibambo ezivamile. Lolu hlobo lwezindinganiso zezibambo ekuhlanganisweni kwamazwe ngamazwe yi-ISO/TC2 ukuthuthukisa nangaphansi kwesambulela sezindinganiso zikazwelonke noma izinhlangano zokulinganisa emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuze zivele. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina zezibambo zibekwe yiKomidi Lobuchwepheshe Likazwelonke Lokulinganisa Izibambo (SAC/TC85). Lezi zibambo zisebenzisa imicu evamile kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zesistimu yebanga, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini, kuma-elekthronikhi, kwezokuthutha, esitolo, ekwakheni, embonini yamakhemikhali, ekuthuthweni nakwamanye amasimu, kodwa futhi nasemikhiqizweni yomhlaba yezindiza kanye nemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi. Uhlelo lokulinganisa izakhiwo zemishini lungabonisa izakhiwo eziphelele zemishini zezibambo, kodwa ikakhulukazi lubonisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Uhlelo ngokuvamile lukhawulelwe kuphela ezigabeni zezinto zokwakha kanye nezingxenye, alukhawulelwe ezigabeni ezithile zezinto ezibonakalayo. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zakho
Izibambo zezindiza zenzelwe izibambo zezimoto zezindiza, izindinganiso ezinjalo ze-fastener ku-ISO/TC20/SC4 yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze zithuthukiswe futhi zifakwe ohlwini. Izindinganiso ze-fastener zezindiza zaseShayina ngezindinganiso zempi zikazwelonke ze-fastener, izindinganiso zezindiza, izindinganiso zezindiza ndawonye. Izici eziyinhloko zezibambo zezindiza yilezi ezilandelayo: izingxenye ezijwayelekile zinikezwa wena.
(1) Intambo isebenzisa intambo ye-MJ (uhlelo lwe-metric), intambo ye-UNJ (uhlelo lombuso) noma intambo ye-MR.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kwamandla kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa kuyasetshenziswa.
(3) Amandla aphezulu nesisindo esilula, izinga lamandla ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-900Mpa, kuze kufike ku-1800MPa noma ngaphezulu.
(4) Ukunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuhle kokulwa nokuxega kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
(5) Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
(6) Izidingo eziqinile ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile ezikufanele
2. Ngokusho kwesigaba sendabuko esijwayelekile
Ngokwemikhuba yendabuko yaseShayina, izikhonkwane zihlukaniswe ngamabhawodi, izikhonkwane, amantongomane, izikhonkwane, izikhonkwane zokhuni, izikhonkwane zokuzithinta, amawasha, ama-rivets, amaphini, izindandatho zokugcina, i-vice yokuxhuma kanye nezikhonkwane - izinhlangano nezinye izigaba ezingu-13. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina bezilandela lolu hlobo.
3. Ngokusho ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlukaniswa okujwayelekileNgokusho kokuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso, izibambo zihlukaniswe ngezibambo ezijwayelekile nezingezona ezejwayelekile. Izibambo ezijwayelekile ziyizibambo eziye zalinganiswa futhi zakha indinganiso, njengezibambo ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke, izibambo ezijwayelekile zempi zikazwelonke, izibambo ezijwayelekile zezindiza, izibambo ezijwayelekile zezindiza kanye nezibambo ezijwayelekile zebhizinisi. Izibambo ezingezona ezejwayelekile ziyizibambo ezingakakhi indinganiso. Ngokukhula kobubanzi bokusetshenziswa, ukuthambekela okujwayelekile kwezibambo ezingezona ezesanti kuzokwakha indinganiso kancane kancane, kuguqulwe kube izibambo ezijwayelekile; kukhona nezinye izibambo ezingezona ezejwayelekile, ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezazingasetshenziswa kuphela njengezingxenye ezikhethekile.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesakhiwo sejometri ukuthi sinezici ezinemicu noma cha
Ngokuya ngokuthi isakhiwo sejometri sinezici ezinezintambo, izinamathiseli zihlukaniswe ngezinamathiseli ezinezintambo (njengama-bolts, amantongomane, njll.) kanye nezinamathiseli ezingenazintambo (njengama-washer, amasongo okugcina, amaphini, ama-rivets ajwayelekile, ama-rivets e-ring groove, njll.).
Izibambo ezinezintambo yizibambo ezenza ukuxhumana ngezintambo. Izibambo ezinezintambo zingahlukaniswa kabanzi.
Ngokohlobo lwentambo, izibambo ezinentambo zihlukaniswe ngezibambo ezinentambo ezilinganiselwe, izibambo ezinentambo ezilinganayo zasebukhosini, njll.
Ngokwezici zokwakheka komzimba womzali, izibambo ezinezintambo zihlukaniswe ngezibambo zangaphandle ezinezintambo (njengezibhaludi, izipikili), izibambo zangaphakathi ezinezintambo (njengezinathi, amantongomane azikhiyayo, amantongomane akhiyayo aphezulu) kanye nezibambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezinezintambo (njengezibhambo ezinezintambo) izigaba ezi-3.
Ngokwezici zesimo sezintambo eziku-fastener, izinamathiseli zangaphandle ezinezintambo zihlukaniswe ngezikulufo, amabhawodi kanye nezipikili.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukene, izinamathiseli zihlukaniswe ngezinamathiseli zensimbi ezakhiwe ngekhabhoni, izinamathiseli zensimbi ezakhiwe nge-alloy, izinamathiseli zensimbi engagqwali, izinamathiseli ze-alloy ezishisa kakhulu, izinamathiseli ze-aluminium alloy, izinamathiseli ze-titanium alloy, izinamathiseli ze-titanium-niobium alloy kanye nezinamathiseli ezingezona ezensimbi.
6. Ngokusho kwesigaba sendlela yokubumba eyinhloko
Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokwakheka, izinamathiseli zingahlukaniswa zibe izinamathiseli eziphazamisayo (njengezi-rivets ze-aluminium alloy), izinamathiseli ezisikayo (njengokusika nokucubungula imigoqo ye-hexagonal bar kanye nama-nuts) kanye nokusika izinamathiseli ezinamaqhubu (njengezi-screw eziningi, ama-bolts nama-bolts akhiywe kakhulu). Ukucasula kungahlukaniswa kube ukubanda okucasulayo kanye nokushisa (okufudumele).
7. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesimo sokugcina sokwelashwa kwendawo
Ngokuya ngomehluko wesimo sokugcina sokwelashwa kwendawo, izibambo zihlukaniswa ngezibambo ezingaphathwanga kanye nezibambo eziphathwe kahle. Izibambo ezingaphathwanga kahle ngokuvamile aziphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile, futhi zingafakwa endaweni yokugcina bese zithunyelwa ngemva kokuhlanzwa okudingekayo ngemva kokudlula izinqubo zokubunjwa nokushisa. Ukwelashwa kwezibambo, uhlobo lokwelashwa kwendawo luchazwe kabanzi esahlukweni sokwelashwa kwendawo yezibambo. Ngemva kokuba izibambo ezifakwe i-zinc zibizwa ngokuthi izibambo ezifakwe i-zinc, ngemva kokuba izibambo ezifakwe i-cadmium zibizwa ngokuthi izibambo ezifakwe i-cadmium, ngemva kokuba izibambo zifakwe i-oxidation zibizwa ngokuthi i-oxidation yezibambo. Njalo njalo.
8. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwamandla
Ngokusho kwamandla ahlukene, izibambo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine zezibambo ezinamandla aphansi, izibambo ezinamandla aphezulu, izibambo ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nezibambo ezinamandla aphezulu. Imboni yezibambo ijwayele izakhiwo zemishini zebanga elingaphansi kuka-8.8 noma amandla okudonswa okulinganiselwe angaphansi kuka-800MPa izibambo eziqinile, izakhiwo zemishini zebanga eliphakathi kuka-8.8 no-12.9 noma amandla okudonswa okulinganiselwe aphakathi kuka-800MPa-1200MPa izibambo eziqinile, amandla okudonswa okulinganiselwe aphakathi kuka-1200MPa-1500MPa phakathi kwezibambo eziqinile, amandla okudonswa okulinganiselwe aphakeme kunezibambo eziqinile ezingu-1500MPa.
9. Cacisa uhlobo lokuhlukaniswa komthwalo osebenzayo
Ngokuya ngomehluko wohlobo lomthwalo osebenzayo, izibambo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: uhlobo lokuthamba nolokucheba. Izibambo zokuthamba zibhekene kakhulu nomthwalo wokuthamba noma umthwalo ohlanganisiwe wokudonsa; izibambo zokuthamba zibhekene kakhulu nomthwalo wokucheba. Izibambo zokuthamba nezibambo zokucheba ekubekezelelweni kobubanzi benduku kanye nobude bentambo yezibambo ezifakwe izintambo, njll. Kukhona umehluko othile.
10. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezidingo zokusebenza kwenhlangano
Ngokuya ngomehluko wezimfuneko zokusebenza kwenhlangano, izibophezelo zihlukaniswe ngezibophezelo zokuxhumanisa ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili (ezaziwa nangokuthi izibophezelo zokuxhumanisa eziyimpumputhe) kanye nezibophezelo zokuxhumanisa ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili. Izibophezelo zokuxhumanisa ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili kuphela ezidinga ukuxhunywa ohlangothini olulodwa lomsebenzi, ukuhlanganiswa kungaqedwa.
11. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwendlela inhlangano engahlukaniswa ngayo noma cha
Ngokuya ngokuthi inhlangano ingahlukaniswa noma cha, izibambo zihlukaniswe zibe izibambo ezisusekayo kanye nezibambo ezingasuswa. Izibambo ezisusekayo yizibambo ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa futhi zingahlukaniswa enkambisweni yokusebenzisa ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, njengezibhambo, izikulufo, amantongomane avamile, ama-washer njalo njalo. Izibambo ezingasuswayo zibhekisela ekuhlanganisweni, ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo futhi izibambo zayo azihlukaniswa; kumele zihlukaniswe, lolu hlobo lwezibambo lungahlukaniswa futhi, kodwa ngokuvamile kuholela ekutheni izibambo noma izixhumanisi ohlelweni azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kabusha ngenxa yomonakalo wezibambo, kufaka phakathi ama-rivets ahlukahlukene, amantongomane avala kakhulu, ama-studs, amantongomane avala kakhulu, njalo njalo.
12. Kuhlukaniswe ngokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe
Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe okuhlukene, izibambo zihlukaniswe ngamazinga ama-3: ezisezingeni eliphansi, ezisezingeni eliphakathi kanye nezisezingeni eliphezulu. Imboni yezibambo ijwayele ukunemba okuphezulu kokumaka akudluli ku-7, amandla angaphansi kuka-800MPa wezinto ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezibizwa ngokuthi izibambo ezisezingeni eliphansi, lezi zibambo azinzima kangako kwezobuchwepheshe, okuqukethwe okuphansi kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elingeziwe elincane; kuzoba ukunemba okuphezulu kokumaka okungu-6 noma 5, amandla aphakathi kuka-800MPa-1200MPa, impahla inezidingo ezithile zezibambo ezaziwa ngokuthi izibambo ezisezingeni eliphakathi, ezinezinga elithile lobunzima kwezobuchwepheshe, izibambo nokunye okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe. Izibambo zinobunzima obuthile kwezobuchwepheshe, okuqukethwe okuthile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elengeziwe; ukunemba okuphezulu kokumaka okungaphezu kwamazinga ama-5, noma amandla angaphezu kuka-1200MPa, noma izidingo zokulwa nokukhathala, noma izidingo zokulwa nokushisa, noma izidingo ezikhethekile zokulwa nokugqwala kanye nokugcoba, njengezibambo zezinto ezikhethekile ezaziwa ngokuthi izibambo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, lezi zibambo zinzima kwezobuchwepheshe, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elengeziwe.
Kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa izibambo, njengokuhlukanisa ngokwesakhiwo sekhanda lezibambo, njalo njalo, okungafanele kufakwe ohlwini. Njengoba izinto zokwakha, izinhlelo zemishini kanye nezindlela zenqubo nokunye kuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha, abantu bazosekelwa esidingweni sokubeka izindlela ezintsha zokuhlukanisa izibambo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 11-2024
