Kugira ngo ukoreshe imicungire n'ibisobanuro by'uburyo bworoshye, ugomba gukoresha uburyo runaka bwo kubishyira mu byiciro. Ibice bisanzwe bikubiye mu buryo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu gushyira mu byiciro ibifunga:
1. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe urwego rwacu
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye y'ikoreshwa ry'ibifunga, ibifunga mpuzamahanga bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: kimwe ni ibifunga rusange, ikindi ni ibifunga by'indege. Ibifunga rusange bikunze gukoreshwa ibifunga bisanzwe. Ubu bwoko bw'ibifunga mu rwego mpuzamahanga na ISO/TC2 kugira ngo butezwe imbere kandi munsi y'amahame y'igihugu cyangwa amashyirahamwe y'ubuziranenge mu bihugu bitandukanye biragaragara. Amahame y'igihugu cy'Ubushinwa ku bifunga ashyirwaho na Komite y'Igihugu y'Ubuhanga ku Bifunga (SAC/TC85). Ibi bifunga bikoresha imigozi isanzwe n'imiterere ya mekanike ya sisitemu y'urwego, ikoreshwa cyane mu mashini, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ubwikorezi, amaduka, ubwubatsi, inganda z'imiti, ubwikorezi n'ibindi bikorwa, ariko nanone ku bicuruzwa byo mu kirere n'ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga. Sisitemu yo gupima imiterere ya mekanike ishobora kugaragaza imiterere ya mekanike y'ibifunga, ariko ahanini igaragaza ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo. Sisitemu muri rusange igarukira gusa ku byiciro by'ibikoresho n'ibice, ntabwo igarukira ku byiciro by'ibikoresho byihariye. Ibice bisanzwe kuri wewe
Ibikoresho byo mu kirere byagenewe ibikoresho byo mu kirere, ibipimo ngenderwaho nk'ibi byo mu kirere muri ISO/TC20/SC4 mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bitezwe imbere kandi bishyirwe mu bikorwa. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo mu Bushinwa byo mu kirere hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingabo z'igihugu, ibipimo ngenderwaho by'indege, ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ikirere hamwe. Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga ibikoresho byo mu kirere ni ibi bikurikira: ibice bisanzwe bitangwa kuri wewe..
(1) Umugozi ukoresha umugozi wa MJ (sisteme ya metric), umugozi wa UNJ (sisteme y'ubwami) cyangwa umugozi wa MR.
(2) Gupima imbaraga n'ubushyuhe birakoreshwa.
(3) Ingufu nyinshi n'uburemere bworoheje, ubusanzwe imbaraga ziba zirenze 900Mpa, kugeza kuri 1800MPa cyangwa zirenzeho.
(4) Ifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, irinda kurekura ibintu kandi yizewe cyane.
(5) Ishobora guhuza n'ibidukikije bigoye.
(6) Ibisabwa bikomeye ku bikoresho bikoreshwa. Ibice bisanzwe bikubereye
2. Dukurikije ishyirwa mu byiciro gakondo
Dukurikije imigenzo gakondo y’Ubushinwa, ibifunga bigabanyijemo bolts, stud, imbuto, vis, vis z’ibiti, vis zo kwikoraho, osha, rivets, pins, retaining rings, connecting vise n’ibifunga - assemblies n’ibindi byiciro 13. Amahame y’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa yagiye akurikiza iyi gahunda.
3. Hakurikijwe niba iterambere ry'ishyirwa mu byiciro bisanzweDukurikije iterambere ry’ibipimo ngenderwaho, ibipimo ngenderwaho bigabanyijemo ibipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe n’ibidasanzwe. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe ni ibipimo ngenderwaho byashyizweho kandi bigakora ibipimo ngenderwaho, nk’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igisirikare cy’igihugu, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’indege, ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ikirere n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibigo. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bitari bisanzwe ni ibipimo ngenderwaho bitarashyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho. Uko ikoreshwa ryagutse, icyerekezo rusange cy’ibipimo ngenderwaho bitari iby’umukandara kizajya kirema ibipimo ngenderwaho, bihindurwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bisanzwe; hari kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho bitari iby’ibanze, bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye bigoye, byashoboraga gukoreshwa gusa nk’ibice byihariye.
4. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe niba imiterere y'ubuso irimo ibintu bifite imigozi cyangwa ntayo
Dukurikije niba imiterere y’ubuso ifite imiterere y’imigozi, imigozi igabanyijemo imigozi (nk’imigozi, imbuto, nibindi) n’imigozi idakoresha imigozi (nk’imigozi yo kumesa, impeta zo kubikamo, imigozi, imigozi isanzwe, imigozi y’imigozi y’impeta, nibindi).
Ibikoresho bifunganye ni ibikoresho bihuza hakoreshejwe imigozi. Ibikoresho bifunganye bishobora kugabanywamo ibice byinshi.
Dukurikije ubwoko bw'umugozi, imigozi igizwe n'imigozi igabanyijemo imigozi igizwe n'imigozi ingana, imigozi y'ubukorikori ya kinyabukorikori, n'ibindi.
Dukurikije imiterere y'imiterere y'umubiri w'umubyeyi, ibifunga by'imigozi bigabanyijemo ibifunga by'inyuma by'imigozi (nk'amaboliti, imigozi), ibifunga by'imbere by'imigozi (nk'imbuto, imbuto zifunga ubwazo, imbuto zifunga cyane) n'ibifunga by'imbere n'inyuma by'imigozi (nk'udukingirizo tw'imigozi) ibyiciro 3.
Dukurikije imiterere y'imigozi iri ku gikoresho cyo gufunga, imigozi yo hanze igabanyijemo imigozi, imigozi n'imigozi.
5. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibikoresho
Dukurikije ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bitandukanye, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibifunga by'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa karuboni, ibifunga by'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa alloy, ibifunga by'icyuma kitagira umugese, ibifunga by'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa alloy bushyuha cyane, ibifunga by'aluminiyumu, ibifunga by'alloy ya titaniyumu, ibifunga by'alloy ya titaniyumu na niyobiyumu n'ibifunga bitari iby'icyuma.
6. Dukurikije uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gushushanya
Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora, ibifunga bishobora kugabanywamo ibifunga bibangamira (nk'amariveti ya aluminiyumu), ibifunga bigabanya (nk'ibicagagura no gutunganya imigozi n'imbuto) no gukata ibifunga bitagira imigozi (nk'amariveti menshi, amaboliti n'amaboliti maremare). Ibifunga bishobora kugabanywamo ibifunga bishyushye n'ibishyushye (bishyushye).
7. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe uko ubuso buhagaze nyuma
Dukurikije itandukaniro ry’imiterere y’ubuso bwa nyuma, ibifunga bishyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: ibifunga bitavuwe neza n’ibifunga byavuwe neza. Ibifunga bitavuwe neza muri rusange ntabwo bikorerwa ubuvuzi bwihariye, kandi bishobora gushyirwa mu bubiko no koherezwa nyuma yo gusukurwa bikenewe nyuma yo kunyura mu nzira zo gutunganya no gushyushya. Uburyo bwo kuvura ibifunga, ubwoko bwo kuvura ubuso buvugwa mu gice cyo kuvura ubuso bw’ibifunga. Nyuma y’uko ibifunga bipfundikiye zinc byitwa ibifunga bipfundikiye zinc, nyuma y’ibifunga bipfundikiye cadmium byitwa ibifunga bipfundikiye cadmium, nyuma y’ibifunga bipfundikiye zitwa oxidation y’ibifunga. N’ibindi.
8. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imbaraga
Dukurikije imbaraga zitandukanye, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri: ibifunga bifite imbaraga nke, ibifunga bifite imbaraga nyinshi, ibifunga bifite imbaraga nyinshi n'ibifunga bifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane, ibyiciro 4. Inganda zikora ibifunga zimenyereye imiterere y'ubukanishi iri munsi ya 8.8 cyangwa imbaraga zo gukurura ziri munsi ya 800MPa bizwi nka ibifunga bifite imbaraga nke, imiterere y'ubukanishi iri hagati ya 8.8 na 12.9 cyangwa imbaraga zo gukurura ziri hagati ya 800MPa-1200MPa bizwi nka ibifunga bifite imbaraga nyinshi, imbaraga zo gukurura ziri hagati ya 1200MPa-1500MPa hagati y'ibifunga bizwi nka ibifunga bifite imbaraga nyinshi, imbaraga zo gukurura ziri hejuru ya 1500MPa bizwi nka ibifunga bifite imbaraga nyinshi.
9. Reba imiterere y'ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'imizigo ikora
Dukurikije itandukaniro ry'imiterere y'umutwaro ukoreshwa, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: ubwoko bwo gukurura no gukata. Ibifunga bikurura ahanini bikorerwa umutwaro wo gukurura cyangwa umutwaro wo gukurura no gukata; ibifunga bikurura ahanini bikorerwa umutwaro wo gukata. Ibifunga bikurura n'ibifunga bikurura mu burebure bw'umugozi w'inyuguti n'ibifunga bifite umugozi, n'ibindi. Hari itandukaniro.
10. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu mikorere yo guteranya
Dukurikije itandukaniro ry’ibisabwa mu mikorere y’iteraniro, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibifunga by’uruhande rumwe (bizwi kandi nka ibifunga by’ubuhunzi) n’ibifunga by’uruhande rumwe. Ibifunga by’uruhande rumwe gusa bigomba guhuzwa ku ruhande rumwe rw’igikorwa bishobora gukorwa.
11. Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe niba ihuriro rishobora gusenywa cyangwa ritavangwa
Bitewe nuko ihuriro rishobora gusenywa cyangwa kutavangwa, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibifunga bishobora gukuraho n'ibifunga bidakurwaho. Ibifunga bishobora gukuraho ni ibifunga bigomba gusenywa kandi bishobora gusenywa mu gihe cyo gukoreshwa nyuma yo guteranywa, nk'amaboliti, imisumari, imbuto zisanzwe, imashini zo kumesa n'ibindi. Ibifunga bidakurwaho bivuga guteranywa, mu ikoreshwa ry'uburyo kandi ibifunga byabyo ntibisenywa; bigomba gusenywa, ubwo bwoko bw'ibifunga nabwo bushobora gusenywa, ariko akenshi bituma ibifunga cyangwa imiyoboro ijyana na sisitemu bidakoreshwa kubera kwangirika kw'ibifunga, harimo ubwoko butandukanye bwa rivets, bolts ndende zifunga, studs, nuts ndende zifunga, nibindi.
12. Byashyizwe mu byiciro hakurikijwe ibikubiye mu ikoranabuhanga
Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye ya tekiniki, ibifunga bishyirwa mu byiciro 3: ibifunga biri hasi, ibifunga biri hagati n'ibifunga biri hejuru. Inganda zikora ibifunga zimenyereye ko imiterere y'ibifunga iri hejuru itarenze 7, imbaraga ziri munsi ya 800MPa z'ibikoresho rusange byitwa ibifunga biri hasi, ibyo bifunga ntibigoye cyane mu tekiniki, imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga iri hasi kandi nta gaciro kabyongerwa; bizaba ari imiterere y'ibifunga iri hejuru ya 6 cyangwa 5, imbaraga ziri hagati ya 800MPa-1200MPa, ibikoresho bifite ibisabwa na bimwe by'ibifunga bizwi nka ibifunga biri hagati, bifite urwego runaka rw'ingorane mu tekiniki, ibifunga n'ibindi bikoresho bya tekiniki. Ibifunga bifite ingorane mu tekiniki, imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga n'agaciro kongerwa; imiterere y'ibifunga iri hejuru ya urwego rurenga 5, cyangwa imbaraga zirenze 1200MPa, cyangwa ibisabwa mu kurwanya umunaniro, cyangwa ibisabwa mu kurwanya ubushyuhe, cyangwa ibisabwa mu kurwanya ingese no kwisiga, nk'ibifunga byihariye by'ibikoresho bizwi nka ibifunga biri hejuru, ibyo bifunga biragoye mu tekiniki, imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga iri hejuru kandi ifite agaciro kongerwa.
Hari ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo gushyira ibifunga mu byiciro, nko gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe imiterere y'imitwe y'ibifunga, n'ibindi, bitagomba kugaragara ku rutonde. Ibikoresho, sisitemu y'ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya n'ibindi bizakomeza guhanga udushya, abantu bazashingira ku gukenera gushyiraho uburyo bushya bwo gushyira mu byiciro ibifunga.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 11 Nzeri 2024
