Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kasamalidwe ndi kufotokozera za kumasuka, muyenera kutengera njira ina yake. Zigawo zokhazikika zimafotokozeredwa mwachidule m'njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri:
1. Gulu molingana ndi gawo lathu
Malinga ndi madera osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito zomangira, zomangira zapadziko lonse lapansi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: imodzi ndi zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse, winayo ndi zomangira zamlengalenga. Miyezo yamtundu wamtundu uwu mu Internationalization ndi ISO/TC2 kuti ikhazikike ndikuwonetseredwa pansi pa maambulera a miyezo yadziko kapena mabungwe okhazikika m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Miyezo ya dziko la China ya zomangira zimakhazikitsidwa ndi National Technical Committee for Fastener Standardization (SAC/TC85). Zomangamangazi zimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamba ndi zida zamakina zamakina, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina, zamagetsi, zoyendera, sitolo, zomanga, makampani opanga mankhwala, kutumiza ndi madera ena, komanso zinthu zapansi panthaka ndi zinthu zamagetsi. Makina owerengera katundu amatha kuwonetsa mawotchi athunthu a zomangira, koma makamaka amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa katundu. Dongosololi nthawi zambiri limangokhala m'magulu azinthu ndi zigawo zake, osati kumakalasi apadera. Mbali Standard kwa inu
Zomangira zamlengalenga zidapangidwira zomangira magalimoto apamlengalenga, miyezo yolumikizirana ndi ISO/TC20/SC4 yapadziko lonse lapansi kuti ipangike ndikunenedwa. Miyezo yaku China yazamlengalenga yolumikizirana ndi miyezo yankhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi, miyezo yapaulendo wandege, miyezo yazamlengalenga pamodzi. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za zomangira zamlengalenga ndi izi: magawo okhazikika amaperekedwa kwa inu.
(1) Ulusi umatenga ulusi wa MJ (metric system), UNJ thread (imperial system) kapena MR thread.
(2) Kuyika kwamphamvu ndi kutentha kumatengedwa.
(3) High mphamvu ndi kulemera kuwala, kalasi mphamvu zambiri pamwamba 900Mpa, mpaka 1800MPa kapena apamwamba.
(4) Kulondola kwambiri, ntchito yabwino yotsutsa kumasula komanso kudalirika kwakukulu.
(5) Zosinthika kumadera ovuta.
(6) Zofunikira zolimba pazinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Zigawo zokhazikika kwa inu
2. Malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe
Malinga ndi zikhalidwe zaku China, zomangira zimagawidwa kukhala mabawuti, zipilala, mtedza, zomangira, zomangira zamatabwa, zomangira zomangira, zomangira, ma rivets, mapini, mphete zosungira, zolumikizira ndi zomangira - misonkhano ndi magulu ena 13. Miyezo ya dziko la China yakhala ikutsatira izi.
3. Malinga ngati chitukuko cha gulu muyezoMalinga ndi kukula kwa miyezo, zomangira zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira wamba ndi zomangira zosakhazikika. Ma fasteners okhazikika ndi zomangira zomwe zakhala zokhazikika ndikupangidwa mulingo, monga zomangira zamtundu wa dziko, zomangira zankhondo zadziko lonse, zomangira mulingo wa ndege, zomangira zamlengalenga ndi zomangira zamakampani. Zomangamanga zosagwirizana ndi zomangira zomwe sizinapangebe muyezo. Ndi kukulitsidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kachitidwe kambiri ka zomangira zopanda mchenga pang'onopang'ono zidzapanga mulingo, wosinthidwa kukhala zomangira; palinso zomangira zosakhazikika, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovuta, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magawo apadera.
4.Kugawa molingana ndi momwe mawonekedwe a geometric ali ndi zida za ulusi kapena ayi
Malinga ngati mawonekedwe a geometric ali ndi ulusi, zomangira zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira za ulusi (monga mabawuti, mtedza, etc.) ndi zomangira zopanda ulusi (monga ma washer, mphete zosungira, zikhomo, ma rivets wamba, ma rivets a ring groove, etc.).
Zomangira za ulusi ndi zomangira zomwe zimalumikizana ndi ulusi. Zomangamanga za ulusi zitha kugawidwanso.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa ulusi, zomangira za ulusi zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira za metric, zomangira zachifumu zachifumu, ndi zina.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mapangidwe a thupi la kholo, zomangira za ulusi zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira zakunja (monga ma bolts, ma studs), zomangira zamkati (monga mtedza, mtedza wodzitsekera, mtedza wokhoma kwambiri) ndi zomangira zamkati ndi zakunja (monga ma bushings) 3 magulu.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ulusi pa chomangira, zomangira zakunja zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira, mabawuti ndi ma studs.
5. Kugawa ndi zinthu
Malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomangira zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira zitsulo za kaboni, zomangira zitsulo zopangira aloyi, zomangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomangira zotentha kwambiri, zomangira aluminum, zomangira za titaniyamu, zomangira za titaniyamu-niobium ndi zomangira zopanda zitsulo.
6. Malinga waukulu akamaumba ndondomeko njira gulu
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, zomangira zimatha kugawidwa kukhala zomangira zosokoneza (monga ma aluminium alloy rivets), zomangira zodulira (monga hexagonal bar kudula ndi kukonza zomangira ndi mtedza) ndi kudula zomangira za nodular (monga zomangira zambiri, mabawuti ndi zomangira zazikulu). Kukhumudwitsa kumatha kugawidwa kukhala kukhumudwitsa kozizira komanso kutentha (kutentha).
7. Gulu molingana ndi chithandizo chomaliza chamankhwala
Malingana ndi kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe chomaliza cha chithandizo chapamwamba, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomangira. Zomangamanga zosasamalidwa nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi chithandizo chapadera, ndipo zimatha kusungidwa ndikutumizidwa pambuyo pakuyeretsa koyenera mukadutsa njira zopangira ndi kutentha. Chithandizo cha zomangira, mtundu wa chithandizo chapamwamba chikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mumutu wamankhwala a fastener. Pambuyo pa zinc-plated fasteners amatchedwa zinc-plated fasteners, pambuyo pa cadmium-plated fasteners amatchedwa cadmium-plated fasteners, pambuyo makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa fasteners amatchedwa okosijeni wa fasteners. Ndi zina zotero.
8. Gulu molingana ndi mphamvu
Malingana ndi mphamvu zosiyana siyana, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu otsika kwambiri, zomangira zamphamvu kwambiri, zomangira zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zowonjezera zowonjezera 4. Makampani opanga zomangira amazolowera ma giredi omwe ali pansipa 8.8 kapena zomangira zokhazikika zosakwana 800MPa zomwe zimadziwika kuti zomangira zotsika mphamvu, zida zamakina zamagiredi pakati pa 8.8 ndi 12.9 kapena mphamvu zokhazikika zapakati pa 800MPa-1200MPa, zomangira zomwe zimadziwika kuti zomangira zapakatikati. 1200MPa-1500MPa pakati pa zomangira zomwe zimadziwika kuti zomangira zamphamvu kwambiri, zomangira zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa zomangira za 1500MPa zomwe zimadziwika kuti zomangira zamphamvu kwambiri.
9.Case chikhalidwe cha gulu la katundu wogwira ntchito
Malingana ndi kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha katundu wogwirira ntchito, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma tensile ndi shear. Zomangira zomangira zimakhala zolemetsa kwambiri kapena kumeta ubweya wophatikiza; zomangira zometa ubweya nthawi zambiri zimakhala zometa ubweya. Zomangira zomangira ndi zomangira zometa ubweya mu kulolerana mwadzina ndodo m'mimba mwake ndi zomangira zolumikizira ulusi, etc. Pali kusiyana.
10. Gulu molingana ndi zofunikira za ntchito ya msonkhano
Malingana ndi kusiyana kwa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito pa msonkhano, zomangira zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira za mbali imodzi (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zomangira zakhungu) ndi zomangira zapawiri. Single-mbali kugwirizana fasteners okha ayenera olumikizidwa ku mbali imodzi ya ntchito akhoza anamaliza msonkhano.
11. Kugawikana molingana ndi ngati msonkhano ukhoza kupasuka kapena ayi
Malingana ndi ngati msonkhanowo ukhoza kutha kapena ayi, zomangira zimagawidwa kukhala zomangira zochotseka ndi zomangira zosachotsedwa. Zomangamanga zochotseka ndi zomangira zomwe zimafunikira kuphwanyidwa ndipo zimatha kupatulidwa pogwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa msonkhano, monga ma bolts, zomangira, mtedza wamba, ma washers ndi zina zotero. Zomangamanga zosasunthika zimatanthawuza msonkhano, pogwiritsira ntchito ndondomekoyi ndi zomangira zake sizimachotsedwa; ziyenera kusokonezedwa, zomangira zamtunduwu zimathanso kutha, koma nthawi zambiri zimatsogolera ku zomangira kapena maulalo ku dongosolo sangathe kugwiritsidwanso ntchito chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zomangira, kuphatikiza ma rivets osiyanasiyana, ma bolts okhoma kwambiri, zipilala, mtedza wotseka kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
12. Zogawidwa ndi luso
Malingana ndi zosiyana siyana zamakono, zomangira zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: otsika, apakati komanso apamwamba. Fastener makampani anazolowera apamwamba chodetsa kulondola si apamwamba kuposa 7, mphamvu zosakwana 800MPa wa zinthu zonse cholinga fasteners otchedwa otsika-mapeto fasteners, fasteners amenewa ndi zochepa mwaukadaulo zovuta, otsika umisiri okhutira ndi zochepa mtengo-wowonjezera; adzakhala apamwamba chodetsa kulondola 6 kapena 5, mphamvu pakati 800MPa-1200MPa, zinthu zili ndi zofunika zina za fasteners otchedwa yapakatikati osiyanasiyana fasteners, amene ali ndi digiri inayake ya zovuta luso, fasteners ndi zina luso. Zomangira zimakhala ndi zovuta zina zaukadaulo, zina zaukadaulo komanso mtengo wowonjezera; apamwamba kwambiri chodetsa olondola misinkhu oposa 5, kapena mphamvu zoposa 1200MPa, kapena odana ndi kutopa zofunika, kapena odana ndi kutentha zikwawa zofunika, kapena wapadera anticorrosion ndi mafuta zofunika, monga fasteners wapadera zipangizo amadziwika kuti fasteners mkulu-mapeto, fasteners amenewa ndi mwaukadaulo zovuta, mkulu luso zili ndi mtengo anawonjezera.
Pali njira zina zambiri zogawira zomangira, monga kugawa malinga ndi mutu wa zomangira, ndi zina zotero, kuti zisamalembedwe. Ndi zida, machitidwe zida ndi njira njira ndi zina zotero kupitiriza kupanga, anthu adzakhala zochokera kufunika kuika patsogolo njira zomangira m'gulu latsopano.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-11-2024
