Kugirango ukoreshe imiyoborere nibisobanuro byoroshye, ukeneye gukoresha uburyo runaka bwo gutondekanya. Ibice bisanzwe byavunaguye muburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa muburyo bwihuse:
1. Gutondekanya ukurikije umurima wacu
Ukurikije ahantu hatandukanye ho gukoresha imizingo, ibifunga mpuzamahanga bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bibiri: kimwe nicyerekezo rusange-gifatika, ikindi ni icyuma cyo mu kirere.Ibikoresho rusange-bigamije gukoreshwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa bisanzwe. Ubu bwoko bwibipimo byihuta mumahanga na ISO / TC2 kugirango biteze imbere kandi munsi yumutungo wigihugu cyangwa amashyirahamwe asanzwe mubihugu bitandukanye kugaragara. Ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa ku bifata byashyizweho na komite y’igihugu ishinzwe tekinike yo kwihuta (SAC / TC85). Ibi bifunga bifashisha insanganyamatsiko hamwe nubukanishi bwa sisitemu yo mu rwego, ikoreshwa cyane mu mashini, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ubwikorezi, ububiko, ubwubatsi, inganda z’imiti, ubwikorezi n’izindi nzego, ariko no ku bicuruzwa byo mu kirere n’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki. Sisitemu yimiterere yimikorere irashobora kwerekana imiterere yubukanishi bwimikorere, ariko cyane cyane yerekana ubushobozi bwo gutwara imitwaro. Sisitemu muri rusange igarukira gusa mubyiciro byibigize nibigize, ntabwo bigarukira kumanota yihariye yibintu. Ibice bisanzwe kuri wewe
Ikizunguruka mu kirere cyagenewe ibinyabiziga byo mu kirere, ibipimo nk'ibi byihuta mu rwego mpuzamahanga ISO / TC20 / SC4 kugira ngo biteze imbere kandi bitirwe. Ubushinwa bwihuta mu kirere hifashishijwe ibipimo byihutirwa by’igisirikare cy’igihugu, ibipimo by’indege, ibipimo by’ikirere hamwe. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ibyogajuru byo mu kirere nibi bikurikira: ibice bisanzwe biraguhabwa.
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(2) Imbaraga zo gutondekanya no gutondekanya ubushyuhe byemewe.
(3) Imbaraga nyinshi nuburemere bworoshye, urwego rwimbaraga muri rusange ruri hejuru ya 900Mpa, kugeza 1800MPa cyangwa hejuru.
(4) Ibisobanuro bihanitse, imikorere myiza yo kurwanya-kwidegembya no kwizerwa cyane.
(5) Ihuza n'ibidukikije bigoye.
(6) Ibisabwa bikaze kubikoresho byakoreshejwe. Ibice bisanzwe kuri wewe
2. Ukurikije ibyiciro gakondo gakondo
Ukurikije ingeso gakondo z’Ubushinwa, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibice, sitidiyo, imbuto, imigozi, imigozi y’ibiti, imashini yikubita hasi, koza, imirongo, amapine, kugumana impeta, guhuza ibice n’ibifunga - inteko n’ibindi byiciro 13. Ibipimo by’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa byakurikiranye iki cyiciro.
3. Ukurikije niba iterambere ryurwego rusanzweUkurikije niba iterambere ryibipimo, ibifunga bigabanijwemo ibifunga bisanzwe kandi bidafatika. Ibifunga bisanzwe ni ibifunga byashyizwe mubikorwa kandi bigashyirwaho urwego, nk'ibikoresho bisanzwe byigihugu, ibyuma bya gisirikare byigihugu, ibyuma byindege, ibyuma byindege, ibyuma byindege hamwe nibisanzwe byumushinga. Ibifunga bitari bisanzwe ni ibifunga bitarashiraho ibipimo. Hamwe no kwaguka kwurwego rushyirwa mu bikorwa, icyerekezo rusange cyiziritse ku mucanga kizagenda gihinduka buhoro buhoro, gihindurwe; hari na bimwe bidafatika bifatika, kubera ibintu bitandukanye bigoye, birashobora gukoreshwa gusa nkibice byihariye.
4.Gushyira mubikorwa ukurikije niba imiterere ya geometrike irimo ibintu bifatanye cyangwa bidahari
Ukurikije niba imiterere ya geometrike ikubiyemo ibintu bifatanye, ibifunga bigabanijwemo imigozi ifatanye (nka bolts, nuts, nibindi) hamwe nudukingirizo (nkuwamesa, kugumana impeta, pin, imirongo isanzwe, imirongo yimpeta, nibindi).
Ibifunga bifatanye bifatanye bifatanyiriza hamwe guhuza insanganyamatsiko. Kwizirika kumutwe birashobora kugabanywa.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwurudodo, imigozi ifatanyijemo igabanijwemo metric yometse kumutwe, ingoma imwe yimigozi ifatanye, nibindi.
Ukurikije ibiranga imiterere yumubiri wababyeyi, imigozi ifatanyijemo ibice bigabanijwemo imigozi yo hanze (nka bolts, sitidiyo), imigozi yimbere yimbere (nk'utubuto, kwifungisha utubuto, utubuto twinshi two gufunga) hamwe n'imbere hamwe n’imbere (nk'ibihuru bifatanye).
Ukurikije imyanya iranga insanganyamatsiko kumurongo, ibyuma bifata imigozi yo hanze bigabanijwemo imigozi, bolts na sitidiyo.
5. Gutondekanya kubintu
Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye, ibifunga bigabanyijemo ibyuma byubaka ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bifata ibyuma byubaka ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite ibyuma, ibyuma bifata ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibyuma bya aluminiyumu, ibyuma bya titanium, ibyuma bya titanium-niobium.
6. Ukurikije uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubumba uburyo bwo gutondeka
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gushiraho inzira, ibifunga birashobora kugabanywamo ibice bifata nabi (nka aluminium alloy rivets), gukata ibyuma (nko gukata umurongo wa mpande esheshatu no gutunganya imigozi n'imbuto) no guca imigozi ya node (nk'imigozi myinshi, bolts hamwe na bolts yo hejuru). Guhangayika birashobora kugabanywamo ubukonje n'ubushyuhe (bushyushye).
7. Gutondekanya ukurikije imiterere yanyuma yo kuvura
Ukurikije itandukaniro ryimiterere yanyuma yo kuvura, ibifunga byashyizwe mubice bitavuwe kandi bivurwa. Ibifata bitavuwe mubisanzwe ntabwo bivurwa bidasanzwe, kandi birashobora gushyirwa mububiko no koherezwa nyuma yisuku ikenewe nyuma yo kubumba no gutunganya ubushyuhe. Kuvura ibifunga, ubwoko bwo kuvura hejuru burambuye mugice cyo kuvura byihuse. Nyuma yo gufatisha zinc zitwa zinc zometse kuri zinc, nyuma yo gufatisha kadmium zitwa cadmium zometse kuri cadmium, nyuma ya okiside yiziritse bita okiside yiziritse. N'ibindi.
8. Gutondekanya ukurikije imbaraga
Ukurikije imbaraga zinyuranye, ibifunga bigabanijwemo imbaraga nke zifata imbaraga, izifata imbaraga nyinshi, izifata imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na ultra-high-strength-fastening ibyiciro 4. Inganda zihuta zimenyereye imiterere yubukanishi bwurwego ruri munsi ya 8.8 cyangwa nominal tensile imbaraga zingana na 800MPa zifata ibyuma bizwi nkizifata imbaraga nkeya, imiterere yubukanishi bwicyiciro kiri hagati ya 8.8 na 12.9 cyangwa imbaraga za tensile zomuri hagati ya 800MPa-1200MPa zifata nkizifite imbaraga zikomeye hagati ya 1200MPa-1500 imbaraga zirenze 1500MPa zifatika zizwi nka ultra-high-strength-fasteners.
9.Kurikirana imiterere yumurimo ukora
Ukurikije itandukaniro ryimiterere yumutwaro wakazi, ibifunga bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: ubwoko bwimyenda nubwoko. Kwizirika kuri tensile biterwa ahanini nuburemere bukabije cyangwa gukurura-gukata imitwaro; Kwiyogoshesha byogosha cyane cyane umutwaro wogosha. Kwizirika hamwe no kwogoshesha inkoni muburyo bwo kwihanganira inkoni ya diametre no kwihanganira umugozi uburebure, nibindi hariho itandukaniro.
10. Gutondekanya ukurikije ibisabwa mubikorwa byo guterana
Ukurikije itandukaniro ryibikorwa byinteko isabwa, ibifunga bigabanijwemo uruhande rumwe rwihuza (ruzwi kandi nk'impumyi zihuza) hamwe no guhuza impande zombi. Ihuza ry'uruhande rumwe rukeneye gusa guhuzwa kuruhande rumwe rwibikorwa birashobora kurangizwa inteko.
11. Gutondekanya ukurikije niba inteko ishobora gusenywa cyangwa idashobora
Ukurikije niba inteko ishobora gusenywa cyangwa ntishoboke, ibifunga bigabanijwemo ibyuma bivanwaho kandi ntibishobora gukurwaho. Ibikurwaho bivanwaho ni ibifunga bigomba gusenywa kandi birashobora gusenywa mugikorwa cyo gukoresha nyuma yo guterana, nka bolts, screw, nuts zisanzwe, koza nibindi. Ibifunga bidashobora gutandukana bivuga inteko, mugukoresha inzira kandi ibifunga ntibisenywa; bigomba gusenywa, ubu bwoko bwo gufunga bushobora no gusenywa, ariko akenshi biganisha ku gufatisha cyangwa guhuza sisitemu ntibishobora kongera gukoreshwa kubera kwangirika kwiziritse, harimo imirongo itandukanye, ibyuma bifunga cyane, ibyuma, ibyuma bifunga cyane, nibindi.
12. Bishyizwe mubyiciro bya tekiniki
Ukurikije ibintu bitandukanye bya tekiniki, ibifunga byashyizwe mubyiciro 3: hasi-iherezo, hagati-na-iherezo. Inganda zihuta zimenyereye ibimenyetso byerekana neza ntabwo biri hejuru ya 7, imbaraga ziri munsi ya 800MPa yibikoresho rusange-bifata ibikoresho byitwa fonctionnement yo hasi, ibyo bifata ntabwo bigoye mubuhanga, ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga biri hasi kandi byongeweho agaciro; bizaba ibimenyetso byerekana neza neza 6 cyangwa 5, imbaraga ziri hagati ya 800MPa-1200MPa, ibikoresho bifite ibyo bisabwa bimwe byiziritse bizwi nkiziritse hagati, bifite urwego runaka rwibibazo bya tekiniki, ibifunga nibindi bikoresho bya tekiniki. Kwizirika bifite ingorane zimwe za tekiniki, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya tekiniki n'inyongeragaciro; ibimenyetso byerekana neza urwego rurenze 5, cyangwa imbaraga zirenga 1200MPa, cyangwa ibisabwa byo kurwanya umunaniro, cyangwa ibisabwa byo kurwanya ubushyuhe, cyangwa ibisabwa bidasanzwe bya anticorrosion no gusiga amavuta, nkibikoresho byihariye bifata ibyuma bizwi nkibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ibyo byuma biragoye mubuhanga, ibintu bya tekinike kandi byongerewe agaciro.
Hariho ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo gutondekanya ibifunga, nko gutondekanya ukurikije imiterere yumutwe wibifunga, nibindi, ntabwo byashyizwe kurutonde. Hamwe nibikoresho, sisitemu yububiko hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa nibindi bikomeza guhanga udushya, abantu bazashingira kubikenewe gushyira imbere uburyo bushya bwihuse bwo gutondeka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-11-2024
