Ukuze usebenzise ulawulo kunye nenkcazo yokulula, kufuneka uthabathe indlela ethile yokuhlelwa kwayo. Amalungu asemgangathweni ashwankathelwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokuhlelwa kwe-fastener:
1. Ukuhlelwa ngokwentsimi yethu
Ngokwemimandla eyahlukeneyo yokusetyenziswa kwezibophelelo, i-fasteners yamazwe ngamazwe yahlulwe ibe ngamacandelo amabini: enye i-fasteners yenjongo jikelele, enye i-fasteners ye-aerospace. Olu hlobo lwemigangatho ye-fastener kwi-Internationalization yi-ISO/TC2 ukuphuhlisa kwaye phantsi kwe-ambrella yemigangatho yelizwe okanye imibutho yokulinganisa kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuba avele. Imigangatho yesizwe yaseTshayina ye-fasteners ibekwe yiKomiti yeSizwe yezoBugcisa kwi-Fastener Standardization (SAC/TC85). Ezi zibophelelo zisebenzisa iintambo eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zomatshini zenkqubo yebakala, esetyenziswa kakhulu koomatshini, i-electronics, ukuthutha, ivenkile, ukwakhiwa, imboni yeekhemikhali, ukuthutha kunye nezinye iindawo, kodwa kunye neemveliso zomhlaba we-aerospace kunye neemveliso zombane. Inkqubo yokulinganisa iipropati zeMechanical ingabonakalisa iimpawu ezibanzi zoomatshini be-fasteners, kodwa ubukhulu becala ibonisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Inkqubo ngokubanzi ilinganiselwe kuphela kwiindidi zemathiriyeli kunye namacandelo, ayiphelelanga kumabakala athile ezinto eziphathekayo. Amalungu asemgangathweni kuwe
Iziqhoboshi ze-aerospace ziyilelwe iziqhoboshi zeenqwelo ze-aerospace, ezifana nemigangatho ye-fastener kwi-ISO/TC20/SC4 yamazwe ngamazwe ukuphuhlisa nokubalelwa. Imigangatho ye-aerospace ye-China ye-fastener ye-fastener yemigangatho yomkhosi wesizwe, imigangatho ye-aviation, imigangatho ye-aerospace kunye. Iimpawu eziphambili zeefasteners ze-aerospace zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iindawo eziqhelekileyo zinikezelwa kuwe.
(1) Intambo ithatha intambo ye-MJ (i-metric system), intambo ye-UNJ (inkqubo yobukhosi) okanye intambo ye-MR.
(2) Umgangatho wamandla kunye nomgangatho wobushushu wamkelwa.
(3) Amandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obulula, umgangatho wamandla ungaphezulu kwe-900Mpa, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1800MPa okanye ngaphezulu.
(4) Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuchasana nokukhulula kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
(5) Ukulungelelaniswa neemeko ezingqongileyo ezinzima.
(6) Iimfuno ezingqongqo kwizinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Amalungu asemgangathweni kuwe
2. Ngokohlelo lwesiNtu
Ngokwemikhwa yemveli yaseTshayina, i-fasteners yahlulahlulwe yaba ziibholiti, izikhonkwane, iinati, izikrufu, izikrufu zomthi, izikrufu ezizibambayo, iiwasha, iirivets, izikhonkwane, iindandatho zokugcina, i-vice yokudibanisa kunye ne-fasteners - iindibano kunye nezinye iindidi ezili-13. Imigangatho yesizwe yaseTshayina ilandele olu luhlu.
3. Ngokumalunga nokuba ngaba uphuhliso lohlelo olusemgangathweniNgokubhekiselele ekubeni ngaba ukuphuhliswa kwemigangatho, i-fasteners yahlulwe ibe yi-fasteners eqhelekileyo kunye ne-non-standard fasteners. Iziqhoboshi ezisemgangathweni ziziqhoboshi eziye zamiselwa umgangatho kwaye zenziwa umgangatho, ezifana neziqhoboshi ezikumgangatho wesizwe, iziqhoboshi zomgangatho womkhosi wesizwe, iziqhoboshi zomgangatho wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, iziqhoboshi ezikumgangatho we-aerospace kunye neziqhoboshi ezikumgangatho weshishini. Iifasteners ezingekho mgangathweni zizibophelelo ezingekabikho umgangatho. Ngokwandiswa kobubanzi besicelo, isiqhelo esiqhelekileyo se-non-sandard fasteners ngokuthe ngcembe senza umgangatho, uguqulelwe kwi-fasteners eqhelekileyo; kukwakho nezinye iziqhoboshi ezingeyomgangatho, ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezintsonkothileyo, zinokusetyenziswa kuphela njengamacandelo akhethekileyo.
4.Ukuhlelwa ngokubhekiselele ekubeni isakhiwo sejometri siqulethe iimpawu ezidibeneyo okanye cha
Ngokubhekiselele ekubeni i-geometric structure iqulethe iimpawu ezidibeneyo, i-fasteners ihlulwe ibe yi-fasteners ene-threaded (ezifana neebholiti, amantongomane, njl.) kunye ne-non-threaded fasteners (njengama-washers, amakhonkco okugcina, izikhonkwane, iirivets eziqhelekileyo, i-rivets ye-ring groove, njl.).
Izibophelelo ezinemisonto ziziqhoboshi ezenza uqhagamshelo ngemisonto. Iifasteners ezinemisonto zinokuphinda zohlulwe.
Ngokohlobo lomsonto, iziqhoboshi ezinemisonto zohlulwe zibe zizibophelelo ezinemisonto ye-metric, iziqhoboshi ezinemisonto yomkhosi, njl.njl.
Ngokutsho kweempawu zokubunjwa komzimba womzali, i-fasteners ene-threaded yahlulwe ibe yi-fasteners ene-threaded yangaphandle (njenge-bolts, i-studs), i-first threaded fasteners (njengamantongomane, amantongomane okutshixa, amantongomane okutshixa aphezulu) kunye ne-fasteners yangaphakathi nangaphandle (ezifana ne-threaded bushings) iindidi ezi-3.
Ngokwempawu zezikhundla zemicu kwi-fastener, i-fasteners yangaphandle edibeneyo ihlulwe ibe yizikrufu, iibholiti kunye ne-studs.
5. Ukuhlelwa ngokwezinto eziphathekayo
Ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, i-fasteners yahlulwe ibe yi-carbon structural steel fasteners, i-alloy structural fasteners, i-stainless steel fasteners, i-high-temperature alloy fasteners, i-aluminium alloy fasteners, i-titanium alloy fasteners, i-titanium-niobium fasteners kunye ne-non-metallic fasteners.
6. Ngokweyona ndlela iphambili yokubumba indlela yokuhlela
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza inkqubo, i-fasteners inokwahlulwa ibe yi-fasteners ephazamisayo (efana ne-aluminium alloy rivets), i-fasteners yokusika (efana ne-hexagonal bar cut and processing of screws and nuts) kunye nokusika i-nodular fasteners (njenge-screws ezininzi, iibholiti kunye neebholiti zokukhiya). Ukucaphukisa kunokohlulwa kube kukukhathaza okubandayo kunye nokushushu (kushushu).
7. Ukuhlelwa ngokwemeko yokugqibela yonyango lomphezulu
Ngokomahluko wemeko yokugqibela yonyango lomphezulu, iziqhoboshi zihlelwa ngokwezibophelelo ezingaphathwanga kunye neziqhoboshi eziphathwayo. I-fasteners engaphathwanga ngokuqhelekileyo ayifuni unyango olukhethekileyo, kwaye inokufakwa kwindawo yokugcina kunye nokuthunyelwa emva kokucoca okufunekayo emva kokudlula ukubunjwa kunye neenkqubo zonyango lokushisa. Unyango lwe-fasteners, uhlobo lonyango olungaphezulu luchazwe kwisahluko sonyango lwe-fastener surface. Emva kokuba i-zinc-plated fasteners ibizwa ngokuba yi-zinc-plated fasteners, emva kokuba i-cadmium-plated fasteners ibizwa ngokuba yi-cadmium-plated fasteners, emva kokuba i-oxidation ye-fasteners ibizwa ngokuba yi-oxidation ye-fasteners. Kwaye nangokunjalo.
8. Ukuhlelwa ngokwamandla
Ngokwamandla ahlukeneyo, i-fasteners ihlukaniswe ibe yi-fasteners ephantsi, i-fasteners ephezulu, i-fasteners ephezulu kunye ne-ultra-high-strength fasteners 4 iindidi. Umzi-mveliso we-Fastener uqhelene neepropathi zoomatshini zebakala elingaphantsi kwe-8.8 okanye amandla okuziqinisa angaphantsi kwe-800MPa aziwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezisezantsi-zamandla, iipropathi ezinomatshini zebakala eliphakathi kwe-8.8 kunye ne-12.9 okanye amandla okuzibamba aphakathi kwe-800MPa-1200MPa-fasteners eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fasteners ephezulu eyaziwa ngokuba I-1200MPa-1500MPa phakathi kweziqhoboshi ezaziwa ngokuba zizibophelelo ezinamandla aphezulu, amandla okuzibamba aphakamileyo angaphezulu kwe-1500MPa iziqhoboshi ezaziwa ngokuba ziifasteners ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu.
9.Imeko yobume bokuhlelwa komthwalo wokusebenza
Ngokomahluko kubume bomthwalo osebenzayo, i-fasteners yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: i-tensile kunye ne-shear type. Izibophelelo zokuqina zixhomekeke ubukhulu becala kumthwalo we-tensile okanye ukutsalwa komthwalo odibeneyo wokucheba; izibophelelo zokucheba zixhomekeke ikakhulu kumthwalo wokucheba. Iziqhoboshi zokuqhobosha kunye neziqhoboshi zokucheba kwintonga yentonga yonyamezelo lwedayamitha kunye nobude bemisonto yokuqhobosha, njl njl. Kukho iiyantlukwano ezithile.
10. Ukuhlelwa ngokweemfuno zokusebenza kwendibano
Ngokweyantlukwano kwiimfuno zokusebenza kwendibano, iziqhoboshi zahlulwe zaba ziziqhoboshi zoqhagamshelo ezisecaleni elinye (ezaziwa ngokuba zizibophelelo zoqhagamshelo olungaboniyo) kunye nezibophelelo zoqhagamshelo ezinamacala amabini. I-fasteners yecala elinye lokudityaniswa kufuneka idityaniswe kwicala elinye lomsebenzi inokugqitywa indibano.
11. Ukwahlula-hlula ngokungqinelana nokuba indibano ingachithwa okanye hayi
Ngokubhekiselele ekubeni indibano ingachithwa okanye ayikho, i-fasteners yahlulwe ibe yi-fasteners ekhutshwayo kunye ne-non-removable fasteners. I-fasteners ekhutshwayo i-fasteners kufuneka idibaniswe kwaye inokutshatyalaliswa kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa emva kokuhlanganisana, njengama-bolts, i-screws, i-nuts eqhelekileyo, i-washers kunye nokunye. I-fasteners engabonakaliyo ibhekisela kwindibano, ekusebenziseni inkqubo kunye ne-fasteners yayo ayichithwanga; kufuneka ihlulwe, olu hlobo lwe-fasteners lunokutshatyalaliswa, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo lukhokelela kwi-fasteners okanye ikhonkco kwinkqubo ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-fasteners, kubandakanywa neentlobo ze-rivets, iibholiti zokutshixa eziphezulu, i-studs, i-nuts yokutshixa okuphezulu, njalo njalo.
12. Ihlelwa ngokomxholo wobugcisa
Ngokomxholo wobugcisa ohlukeneyo, i-fasteners ihlelwe ngamanqanaba e-3: i-low-end, i-middle-end kunye ne-high-end. Umzi-mveliso we-Fastener uqhele ukuchaneka kokumakishwa okuphezulu awukho ngaphezulu kwe-7, amandla angaphantsi kwe-800MPa yezinto ezizibophezelayo ezizinjongo eziqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zi-fasteners eziphantsi, ezo zibophelelo azinzima kakhulu ngokobugcisa, umxholo ophantsi wezobuchwepheshe kunye nexabiso elincinci elongezelelweyo; iya kuba yeyona nto iphezulu yokumakisha ukuchaneka kwe-6 okanye i-5, amandla phakathi kwe-800MPa-1200MPa, izinto eziphathekayo zineemfuno ezithile ze-fasteners ezaziwa ngokuba yi-fasteners ephakathi, enobunzima bobugcisa, i-fasteners kunye neminye imixholo yobugcisa. I-Fasteners inobunzima bobugcisa obuthile, umxholo othile wezobugcisa kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo; ukuchaneka kokumakishwa okuphezulu kwamanqanaba angaphezu kwama-5, okanye amandla angaphezu kwe-1200MPa, okanye iimfuno ezichasene nokudinwa, okanye iimfuno zokunqanda ubushushu, okanye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ze-anticorrosion kunye ne-lubrication, ezifana ne-fasteners ekhethekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fasteners ephezulu, ezo zibophelelo zinzima ngokobuchwepheshe, umxholo ophezulu wobugcisa kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo.
Kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokwahlula i-fasteners, njengokuhlela ngokwesakhiwo sentloko ye-fasteners, njalo njalo, ukuba ingadweliswa. Ngezixhobo, iinkqubo zezixhobo kunye neendlela zenkqubo kunye nokunye ukuqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, abantu baya kusekelwa kwimfuno yokubeka phambili iindlela ezintsha zokuhlelwa kwe-fastener.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-11-2024
