Ukuze usebenzise ukuphathwa kanye nencazelo lula, kudingeka amukele indlela ethile yokuhlukanisa yayo. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zifinyezwa ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuhlukanisa iziqinisi:
1. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba zethu
Ngokwezindawo ezihlukene zokusebenzisa izinto zokubopha, izibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: eyodwa iyizibophelelo zenhloso evamile, enye izibophelelo ze-aerospace. Lolu hlobo lwezindinganiso eziqinisayo ekwenziweni kwamazwe ngamazwe yi-ISO/TC2 ukuthuthukisa futhi ngaphansi kwesambulela samazinga kazwelonke noma izinhlangano zokumisa emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuze zivele. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina zezixhumi zisethwa Ikomidi Likazwelonke Lobuchwepheshe Lokumisa Okuqinisiwe (SAC/TC85). Lezi zinsimbi zisebenzisa izintambo ezivamile kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zesistimu yebanga, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini, e-electronics, ezokuthutha, esitolo, ekwakhiweni, embonini yamakhemikhali, ezokuthutha kanye neminye imikhakha, kodwa futhi nemikhiqizo yomhlabathi ye-aerospace kanye nemikhiqizo kagesi. Isistimu yokulinganisa izakhiwo zikamshini ingabonisa izici zemishini ezibanzi zezixhumi, kodwa ikakhulukazi ibonisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo. Uhlelo ngokuvamile lukhawulelwe kuphela ezigabeni zezinto ezibonakalayo nezingxenye, alunqunyelwe kumabanga athile wezinto ezibonakalayo. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zakho
Izibophelelo ze-Aerospace ziklanyelwe izibophelelo zezimoto zasemkhathini, amazinga afana nalawa ku-ISO/TC20/SC4 yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze athuthuke futhi afakwe phakathi kwawo. Izindinganiso ze-Aerospace Fastener yaseShayina ngezindinganiso zezempi kazwelonke ezisheshayo, izindinganiso zezindiza, izindinganiso ze-aerospace ndawonye. Izici eziyinhloko ze-aerospace fasteners zimi kanje: izingxenye ezijwayelekile zinikezwa wena.
(1) Intambo isebenzisa intambo ye-MJ (uhlelo lwemethrikhi), intambo ye-UNJ (uhlelo lobukhosi) noma intambo ye-MR.
(2) Ukugreda kwamandla kanye nokulinganisa izinga lokushisa kuyamukelwa.
(3) Amandla aphezulu nesisindo esincane, izinga lamandla ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-900Mpa, lifika ku-1800MPa noma ngaphezulu.
(4) Ukunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuhle kokulwa nokuxegisa kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.
(5) Ivumelana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
(6) Izidingo eziqinile ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zakho
2. Ngokwezigaba zendabuko
Ngokwesiko laseShayina izinsimbi zokubopha zihlukene zibe amabhawudi, izigxivizo, amantongomane, izikulufu, izikulufu zokhuni, izikulufo ezizishayayo, amawasha, amarivethi, izikhonkwane, izindandatho ezigcinayo, izinsimbi zokuxhuma kanye nezinsimbi - ama-assembly neminye imikhakha engu-13. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina bezilokhu zilandela lesi sigaba.
3. Ngokusho kokuthi ngabe ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlukaniswa okujwayelekileNgokuya ngokuthi ngabe ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga, ama-fasteners ahlukaniswe ngama-fasteners ajwayelekile kanye nama-fasteners angajwayelekile. Izibophelelo ezijwayelekile izibophelelo eziye zalinganiswa futhi zakha izinga, njengezibophelelo ezijwayelekile zikazwelonke, izibophelelo ezijwayelekile zezempi kazwelonke, izibophelelo ezijwayelekile zendiza, izibophelelo ezijwayelekile zasemkhathini kanye nezibophelelo ezijwayelekile zebhizinisi. Izibophelelo ezingajwayelekile ziyizixhumi ezingakakhi izinga. Ngokunwetshwa kobubanzi bokufaka isicelo, ukuthambekela okujwayelekile kwezibophelelo ezingezona izihlabathi kancane kancane kuzokwakha izinga, kuguqulwe kube izibophelelo ezijwayelekile; kukhona futhi ezinye izibophelelo ezingezona ezijwayelekile, ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi, zingasetshenziswa kuphela njengezingxenye ezikhethekile.
4.Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi isakhiwo sejiyomethri siqukethe izici ezinentambo noma cha
Ngokusho kokuthi isakhiwo sejiyomethri siqukethe izici ezinezintambo, izinsimbi zokuqinisa zihlukaniswe zibe izinsimbi ezinezintambo (njengama-bolts, amantongomane, njll.) kanye nezinsimbi ezingenazintambo (njengama-washers, izindandatho zokugcina, izikhonkwane, ama-rivets ajwayelekile, ama-rivets e-ring groove, njll.).
Izibophelelo ezinezintambo ziyizibophelelo ezenza ukuxhumana ngemicu. Izibophelelo ezinezintambo zingahlukaniswa futhi.
Ngokusho kohlobo lwentambo, izinsimbi ezifakwe imicu zihlukaniswa zibe izinsimbi ezinemicu ye-metric, izinsimbi ezifakwe iyunifomu yombuso, njll.
Ngokwezici zokubunjwa komzimba womzali, izinsimbi zokubopha ezinentambo zihlukaniswa zibe izibopheli ezinentambo zangaphandle (njengamabhawodi, izikopelo), izibopheli ezinentambo zangaphakathi (njengamantongomane, amantongomane azikhiyayo, amantongomane okukhiya okuphezulu) kanye nezibophelelo ezinentambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle (njengama-threaded bushings) izigaba ezi-3.
Ngokwezici zokuma zezintambo ku-fastener, izinsimbi ezifakwe ngaphandle zihlukaniswa zibe izikulufo, amabhawodi nezikhonkwane.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlukene, izibophelelo zihlukaniswe zibe izinsimbi zensimbi zesakhiwo se-carbon, izinsimbi zensimbi ze-alloy, izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali, izibophelelo ze-alloy ezishisa kakhulu, izinsimbi ze-aluminium alloy fasteners, i-titanium alloy fasteners, i-titanium-niobium alloy fasteners nezingezona zensimbi.
6. Ngokuya ngesigaba sendlela yenqubo yokubumba eyinhloko
Ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokwenza inqubo, izinsimbi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinsimbi eziphazamisayo (njengama-aluminium alloy rivets), izinsimbi zokusika (ezifana nokusika kwe-hexagonal bar nokucutshungulwa kwezikulufu namantongomane) nokusika izinsimbi zokubopha ama-nodular (njengezikulufu eziningi, amabhawodi namabhawodi wokukhiya). Ukucasula kungahlukaniswa kube ukucasula okubandayo nokushisayo (okushisa).
7. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngesimo sokugcina sokwelashwa kwendawo
Ngokomehluko wesimo sokugcina sokwelashwa kwendawo, izibophelelo zihlukaniswa zaba izibophelelo ezingalashiwe kanye nezixhumi ezilashwayo. Izibophelelo ezingalashiwe ngokuvamile azitholi ukwelashwa okukhethekile, futhi zingafakwa endaweni yokugcina futhi zithunyelwe ngemva kokuhlanza okudingekile ngemva kokudlulisa izinqubo zokubumba nokwelashwa kokushisa. Ukwelashwa kwama-fasteners, uhlobo lokwelashwa okungaphezulu kuchazwe kabanzi esahlukweni sokwelashwa kwe-fastener surface. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-fasteners ane-zinc-plated abizwa ngokuthi i-zinc-plated fasteners, ngemva kokuba izinsimbi ze-cadmium-plated zibizwa ngokuthi i-cadmium-plated fasteners, ngemva kwe-oxidation ye-fasteners ibizwa ngokuthi i-oxidation of the fasteners. Njalo njalo.
8. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwamandla
Ngokusho kwamandla ahlukene, ama-fasteners ahlukaniswe ngama-fasteners aphansi-amandla, ama-fasteners aphezulu, ama-fasteners aphezulu kanye ne-ultra-high-strength fasteners 4 izigaba. Imboni ye-Fastener ijwayele izakhiwo zemishini zebanga elingaphansi kuka-8.8 noma amandla okuziqinisa angaphansi kuka-800MPa aziwa ngokuthi izixhumi ezinamandla aphansi, izakhiwo zemishini zebanga eliphakathi kuka-8.8 no-12.9 noma amandla okuziqinisa aphakathi kuka-800MPa-1200MPa-izigxivizo eziphakeme ezaziwa ngokuthi izinsimbi eziqinile I-1200MPa-1500MPa phakathi kwezixhumi ezaziwa njengezibophelelo zamandla aphezulu, amandla okuziqinisa aphakeme kunama-fasteners angu-1500MPa aziwa ngokuthi izibophelelo ezinamandla kakhulu.
9.Case uhlobo lomthwalo wokusebenza
Ngokomehluko esimweni somthwalo osebenzayo, izinsimbi zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: uhlobo lwe-tensile kanye ne-shear. Izibophelelo eziqinile zingaphansi komthwalo oqinile noma umthwalo oyinhlanganisela we-pull-shear; izinsimbi zokugunda zingaphansi komthwalo wokugunda. Izibophelelo eziqinile nezibophelelo zokugunda ekubekezeleni kobubanzi benduku okuzisholo kanye nobude bentambo yokubopha enentambo, njll. Kunomehluko othile.
10. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezimfuneko zokusebenza komhlangano
Ngokomehluko wezidingo zokusebenza komhlangano, izibophelelo zihlukaniswa zaba izibophelelo zokuxhuma ezihlangothini olulodwa (ezibuye zaziwa ngokuthi izibophelelo zokuxhuma okuyizimpumputhe) kanye nezibophelelo zokuxhuma ezisemaceleni amabili. Izixhumi ezixhumene nohlangothi olulodwa kuphela zidinga ukuxhunywa ohlangothini olulodwa lomsebenzi zingaqedwa umhlangano.
11. Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ngokuya ngokuthi inhlangano ingahlakazwa noma cha
Ngokuya ngokuthi umhlangano ungahlakazwa noma cha, izinsimbi zihlukaniswa zibe izibophelelo ezikhiphekayo nezibophelelo ezingakhipheki. Ama-fasteners akhishwayo ama-fasteners adinga ukuhlakazwa futhi angahlakazwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlanganiswa, njengama-bolts, izikulufu, amantongomane avamile, ama-washers njalonjalo. I-fasteners enganqamuki ibhekisela ekuhlanganiseni, ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo futhi izinsimbi zayo aziqedwa; kufanele ihlakazwe, lolu hlobo lwezinsimbi lungabuye luhlakazwe, kodwa ngokuvamile luholela ezixhunyweni noma izixhumanisi ohlelweni azikwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe ngenxa yokulimala kwezixhumi, kufaka phakathi ama-rivets ahlukahlukene, ama-bolts okukhiya okuphezulu, izigxobo, amantongomane okukhiya okuphezulu, njalonjalo.
12. Ihlukaniswe ngokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe
Ngokusho kokuqukethwe okuhlukile kobuchwepheshe, izixhumi zihlukaniswa ngamaleveli angu-3: ukuphela okuphansi, okumaphakathi kanye nokuphezulu. Imboni ye-fastener ijwayele ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kokumaka akukho ngaphezu kuka-7, amandla angaphansi kuka-800MPa wezixhumi zezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile ezibizwa ngokuthi izibophelelo ezisezingeni eliphansi, izibophelelo ezinjalo azinzima kangako ngokobuchwepheshe, ziphansi okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elincane elingeziwe; kuzoba ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kokumaka okungu-6 noma okungu-5, amandla aphakathi kuka-800MPa-1200MPa, okokusebenza kunezidingo ezithile zezibophelelo ezaziwa ngokuthi izibophelelo ezimaphakathi nebanga, ezinezinga elithile lobunzima bobuchwepheshe, izixhumi nokunye okuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe. Izixhumi zinobunzima obuthile bezobuchwepheshe, okuqukethwe okuthile kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elingeziwe; ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kokumaka okungaphezu kwamazinga angu-5, noma amandla angaphezu kuka-1200MPa, noma izidingo zokunqanda ukukhathala, noma izidingo zokunqanda izinga lokushisa, noma izidingo ezikhethekile zokunqanda ukugqwala nokugcotshwa, njengezixhumi ezikhethekile ezaziwa ngokuthi izibophelelo eziphezulu, izibophelelo ezinjalo zinzima ngokobuchwepheshe, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elingeziwe.
Kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokuhlukanisa izinsimbi, njengokuhlukaniswa ngokwesakhiwo sekhanda lezinsimbi, nokunye, okungamele kufakwe ohlwini. Ngezinto zokwakha, izinhlelo zemishini kanye nezindlela zenqubo nokunye ukuqhubeka nokusungula, abantu bazoncika esidingweni sokubeka phambili izindlela ezintsha zokuhlukanisa izinsimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-11-2024
