Itandukaniro riri hagati ya galvanizing, plaque ya kadmium, isahani ya chrome, hamwe na nikel

Galvanizing

Ibiranga:

Zinc ihagaze neza mumuyaga wumye kandi ntabwo ihindura ibara byoroshye. Mu mazi n’ibidukikije, bifata hamwe na ogisijeni cyangwa dioxyde de carbone kugirango ibe firime ya oxyde cyangwa alkaline zinc karubone, ishobora kubuza zinc gukomeza okiside no gutanga uburinzi.

Zinc irashobora kwangirika cyane muri acide, alkalis, na sulfide. Igice cya galvanised gikenera gukorerwa passivation. Nyuma ya passivation muri acide ya chromic cyangwa chromate yumuti, firime yakozwe ya passivation ntabwo ihura numwuka mwinshi, byongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa. Kubice byimpeshyi, ibice bikikijwe n'inkuta (uburebure bwurukuta <0.5m), nibice byibyuma bisaba imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, kuvanaho hydrogène bigomba gukorwa, mugihe ibice byumuringa numuringa bidashobora gukuramo hydrogen.

Galvanizing ifite igiciro gito, gutunganya byoroshye, ningaruka nziza. Ubushobozi busanzwe bwa zinc ni bubi, kubwibyo gutwika zinc ni anodic igereranya ibyuma byinshi.

Galvanisation ikoreshwa cyane mubihe byikirere nibindi bidukikije byiza. Ariko ntibikwiye gukoreshwa nkibigize guterana amagambo.

Chrome

Ibiranga: Kubice bihura nikirere cyinyanja cyangwa amazi yinyanja, no mumazi ashyushye hejuru ya 70℃isahani ya kadmium irahagaze neza, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, gusiga amavuta meza, kandi igashonga buhoro buhoro muri acide hydrochloric, ariko ikabura cyane muri acide ya nitric kandi idashobora gushonga muri alkali. Okiside yayo nayo ntishobora gushonga mumazi. Ipfunyika ya Cadmium yoroshye kuruta zinc, hamwe na hydrogène nkeya kandi ikomera cyane.

Byongeye kandi, mubihe bimwe na bimwe bya electrolytike, cadmium yabonetse irashimishije muburyo bwiza kuruta guteranya zinc. Ariko gaze ikorwa na kadmium mugihe cyo gushonga ni uburozi, kandi umunyu wa kadmium ushonga nawo ni uburozi. Mubihe bisanzwe, kadmium ikora nka catodique itwikiriye ibyuma kandi nkigikoresho cya anodic mu kirere cyo mu nyanja n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda ibice kwangirika kwikirere biterwa n’amazi yo mu nyanja cyangwa ibisubizo bisa n’umunyu, hamwe n’umwuka w’amazi yo mu nyanja wuzuye. Ibice byinshi mu ndege, mu nyanja, no mu nganda za elegitoroniki, amasoko, hamwe n’ibice bifatanye byometse kuri kadmium. Irashobora guhanagurwa, fosifati, no gukoreshwa nkibara ryirangi, ariko ntishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho.

Isahani ya Chromium

ibiranga:

Chromium ihagaze neza cyane mu kirere cyinshi, alkaline, aside nitricike, sulfide, ibisubizo bya karubone, na acide kama, kandi irashobora gushonga byoroshye muri aside hydrochloric na acide sulfurike ishyushye. Mubikorwa byumuyaga utaziguye, niba chromium igaragara nka anode, irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumuti wa caustic soda.

Igice cya chromium gifite imbaraga zikomeye, gukomera cyane, 800-1000V, kwihanganira kwambara neza, kwerekana urumuri rukomeye, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ntabwo ihindura ibara munsi ya 480℃, itangira okiside hejuru ya 500℃, kandi bigabanya cyane gukomera kuri 700℃. Ikibi cyayo nuko chromium ikomeye, yoroheje, kandi ikunda gutandukana, cyane cyane iyo ikorewe imitwaro ihindagurika. Kandi ifite ubwoba.

Icyuma cya Chromium gikunda guhita mu kirere, bikavamo gukora firime ya passivation bityo bigahindura ubushobozi bwa chromium. Kubwibyo, chromium ihinduka catodique itwikiriye icyuma.

Ntabwo ari byiza gushira isahani ya chrome itaziguye nk'urwego rwo kurwanya ruswa hejuru y'ibice by'ibyuma. Mubisanzwe, amashanyarazi menshi (nukuvuga umuringa→nikel→isahani ya chromium) irasabwa kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kubora

gukumira no gushushanya. Kugeza ubu ikoreshwa cyane mugutezimbere kwambara ibice, gusana ibipimo, kwerekana urumuri, no kumurika.

Isahani ya Nickel

ibiranga:

Nickel ifite imiti ihamye yimiterere yikirere hamwe nigisubizo cya alkaline, ntabwo ihinduka ibara ryoroshye, kandi iba oxyde gusa mubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 600° C. Irashonga buhoro muri acide sulfurike na aside hydrochloric, ariko irashobora gushonga byoroshye muri acide ya nitricike. Biroroshye byoroshye muri acide ya nitricike bityo ikaba ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.

Isahani ya Nickel ifite ubukana bwinshi, iroroshye gusya, ifite urumuri rwinshi, kandi irashobora kongera ubwiza. Ikibi cyacyo nuko ifite porosity. Kugira ngo utsinde iyi mbogamizi, ibyuma byinshi-byuma bishobora gukoreshwa, hamwe na nikel nkurwego rwagati.

Nickel ni catodiki itwikiriye ibyuma hamwe na anodic ikingira umuringa.

Bikunze gukoreshwa mukurinda ibishushanyo mbonera kugirango birinde ruswa kandi byongere ubwiza bwiza. Isahani ya Nickel ku bicuruzwa bikozwe mu muringa nibyiza mu gukumira ruswa, ariko kubera agaciro gakomeye ka nikel, amabati y'umuringa akoreshwa kenshi aho kuyashyiraho nikel.