Pa February 17, 2022, bungwe la European Commission linapereka chilengezo chomaliza chosonyeza kuti chigamulo chomaliza chokhazikitsa msonkho wotayira zinthu zomangira zitsulo zochokera ku People's Republic of China ndi 22.1%-86.5%, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira zomwe zinalengezedwa mu Disembala chaka chatha. Pakati pawo, Jiangsu Yongyi inali ndi 22.1%, Ningbo Jinding 46.1%, Wenzhou Junhao 48.8%, makampani ena oyankha 39.6%, ndi makampani ena osayankha 86.5%. Lamuloli lidzayamba kugwira ntchito tsiku lotsatira chilengezocho.
Jin Meizi adapeza kuti si zinthu zonse zomangira zomwe zakhudzidwa pankhaniyi zomwe sizinali ndi mtedza wachitsulo ndi ma rivets. Chonde onani kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi malamulo a kasitomu.
Chifukwa cha kukana kutaya zinthu, ogulitsa zinthu zomangira ku China adatsutsa kwambiri komanso adatsutsa mwamphamvu.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero za kasitomu za EU, mu 2020, EU idaitanitsa matani 643,308 a zomangira kuchokera ku China, zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi mtengo wa ma euro 1,125,522,464, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale gwero lalikulu la zomangira zomangira ku EU. EU imalipira msonkho waukulu wotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu ku dziko langa, zomwe zikuyenera kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu pamabizinesi akunyumba omwe amatumiza kunja ku msika wa EU.
Kodi ogulitsa zinthu zomangira m'dziko muno amayankha bwanji?
Poganizira nkhani yomaliza ya EU yotsutsa kutaya zinthu m'matangadza, kuti athetse ntchito zazikulu za EU zotsutsa kutaya zinthu m'matangadza, makampani ena otumiza kunja adatenga chiopsezo ndikutumiza zinthu zomangira kumayiko ena, monga Malaysia, Thailand ndi mayiko ena, mwa kuzemba. Dziko lochokera limakhala dziko lachitatu.
Malinga ndi magwero a mafakitale aku Europe, njira yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa yotumiziranso katundu kudzera m'dziko lachitatu ndi yosaloledwa mu EU. Akangopezeka ndi kasitomu wa EU, oitanitsa katundu ochokera ku EU adzalandira chindapusa chachikulu kapena kumangidwa. Chifukwa chake, ambiri mwa otumiza katundu ochokera ku EU omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino savomereza chizolowezi chotumizira katundu kudzera m'maiko ena, chifukwa EU imayang'anira kwambiri kusintha kwa katundu.
Kotero, poganizira mfundo ya EU yotsutsa kutaya katundu, kodi ogulitsa kunja akuganiza chiyani? Kodi adzayankha bwanji?
Jin Meizi adafunsa mafunso anthu ena mumakampaniwa.
Woyang'anira Zhou wa Zhejiang Haiyan Zhengmao Standard Parts Co., Ltd. anati: Kampani yathu imagwira ntchito yopanga zomangira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zomangira zamakina ndi zomangira zodzitsekera zokha. Msika wa EU umawerengera 35% ya msika wathu wotumiza kunja. Nthawi ino, tinatenga nawo gawo mu EU poyankha motsutsana ndi kutaya zinyalala, ndipo pomaliza pake tinapeza msonkho wabwino kwambiri wa 39.6%. Zaka zambiri zomwe takumana nazo mu malonda akunja zimatiuza kuti tikakumana ndi kafukufuku wotsutsana ndi kutaya zinyalala zakunja, makampani otumiza kunja ayenera kusamala ndikutenga nawo mbali poyankha mlanduwo.
Zhou Qun, wachiwiri kwa manejala wamkulu wa Zhejiang Minmetals Huitong Import and Export Co., Ltd., adati: Zinthu zazikulu zomwe kampani yathu imatumiza kunja ndi zomangira zonse ndi zida zosakhazikika, ndipo misika yayikulu ikuphatikizapo North America, Central ndi South America ndi European Union, zomwe kutumiza kunja ku European Union kumakhala kochepera 10%. Pa kafukufuku woyamba wotsutsa kutaya katundu ku EU, gawo la msika wa kampani yathu ku Europe linakhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyankha kosayenera pamlandu. Kafukufuku wotsutsa kutaya katundu nthawi ino anali chifukwa chakuti gawo la msika silinali lalikulu ndipo sitinayankhe mlanduwo.
Kuletsa kutaya zinthu m'mafakitale kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zina pa kutumiza zinthu m'dziko langa kwa kanthawi kochepa, koma poganizira kukula kwa mafakitale ndi ukatswiri wa zomangira zonse za ku China, bola ngati ogulitsa kunja akuyankha mlanduwo m'gulu, akugwirizana ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi zipinda zamalonda zamakampani, komanso kukhala pafupi ndi Ogulitsa kunja ndi ogulitsa zomangira m'magawo onse mu EU awatsimikizira kuti kuletsa kutaya zinthu m'mafakitale ku China kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Bambo Ye a ku Yuyao Yuxin Hardware Industry Co., Ltd. anati: Kampani yathu imagwira ntchito makamaka ndi mabolts okulitsa monga casing gecko, car repair gecko, inner forced gecko, hollow gecko, ndi heavy gecko. Kawirikawiri, zinthu zathu sizili m'gulu la nthawi ino. , koma tsatanetsatane weniweni wa momwe EU ikugwiritsidwira ntchito sudziwika bwino, chifukwa zinthu zina zimaphatikizaponso ma washers ndi mabolts ndipo sindikudziwa ngati ziyenera kuchotsedwa padera (kapena osati gulu losiyana). Ndinafunsa makasitomala ena aku Europe a kampaniyo, ndipo onse anati zotsatira zake sizinali zazikulu. Kupatula apo, pankhani ya magulu azinthu, timagwira nawo ntchito pazinthu zochepa.
Munthu amene akuyang'anira kampani yotumiza katundu ku Jiaxing anati chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambiri za kampaniyo zimatumizidwa ku EU, ifenso tikuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi nkhaniyi. Komabe, tapeza kuti pamndandanda wa makampani ena ogwirizana omwe atchulidwa mu annex ya chilengezo cha EU, kuwonjezera pa mafakitale otumizira katundu, palinso makampani ena ogulitsa. Makampani omwe ali ndi misonkho yokwera angapitirize kusunga misika yotumiza katundu ku Europe mwa kutumiza katundu kunja kwa dziko kudzera m'maina a makampani omwe akuyankha omwe ali ndi misonkho yotsika, motero amachepetsa kutayika.
Apa, Mlongo Jin akuperekanso malingaliro ena:
1. Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja ndikugawa msika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kale, zinthu zotumizidwa kunja kwa dziko langa zinali zolamulidwa ndi Europe ndi United States, koma pambuyo poti anthu ambiri sakufuna kutaya zinthu m'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani otumizira zinthu zotumizidwa kunja adazindikira kuti "kuyika mazira onse m'dengu limodzi" si njira yanzeru, ndipo anayamba kufufuza Southeast Asia, India, ndi misika ina yayikulu yomwe ikukula, ndikuchepetsa dala kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja ku Europe ndi United States.
Nthawi yomweyo, makampani ambiri omangira zinthu tsopano akupanga malonda amkati mwamphamvu, akuyesetsa kuchepetsa kukakamizidwa kwa katundu wotumizidwa kunja kudzera mu kukopa kwa msika wamkati. Dzikoli posachedwapa layambitsa mfundo zatsopano zolimbikitsira kufunikira kwa katundu wamkati, zomwe zidzakhudzanso kufunikira kwa msika wa mangira zinthu. Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi am'nyumba sangathe kuyika chuma chawo chonse pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo amadalira kwambiri misika ya ku Europe ndi America. Kuyambira pano, "mkati ndi kunja" kungakhale njira yanzeru.
2. Limbikitsani mzere wa zinthu zapakati mpaka zapamwamba ndikufulumizitsa kukweza kapangidwe ka mafakitale. Popeza makampani omangira zinthu ku China ndi makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito anthu ambiri ndipo mtengo wowonjezera wa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja ndi wotsika, ngati zaukadaulo sizikuwongoleredwa, pakhoza kukhala mikangano yambiri yamalonda mtsogolo. Chifukwa chake, poyang'anizana ndi mpikisano woopsa kuchokera kwa anzawo apadziko lonse lapansi, ndikofunikira kuti makampani omangira zinthu ku China apitirize kukula pang'onopang'ono, kusintha kapangidwe kake, kupanga zinthu zatsopano pawokha, komanso kusintha mitundu yakukula kwachuma. Makampani omangira zinthu ku China ayenera kusintha kuchoka pamtengo wotsika kupita kumtengo wapamwamba, kuchokera kuzinthu wamba kupita kuzinthu zapadera zosakhazikika mwachangu momwe zingathere, ndikuyesetsa kuwonjezera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa zomangira zamagalimoto, zomangira ndege, zomangira mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndi zina zotero. Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kukwezedwa kwa zomangira zapamwamba kwambiri. Ichi ndiye chinsinsi chokulitsa mpikisano waukulu wamakampani ndikupewa kusungidwa "mtengo wotsika" ndi "kutayidwa". Pakadali pano, makampani ambiri omangira zinthu m'nyumba alowa m'mafakitale apadera ndipo apambana.
3. Mabizinesi ndi mabungwe amakampani ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi molunjika komanso molunjika, kufunafuna thandizo la mfundo zadziko, komanso kukana chitetezo cha malonda apadziko lonse. Kuchokera pamalingaliro anthawi yayitali, mfundo zadziko zidzakhudza chitukuko cha makampani onse, makamaka nkhondo yolimbana ndi chitetezo cha malonda apadziko lonse, osatchulanso chithandizo champhamvu cha dzikolo. Nthawi yomweyo, chitukuko cha makampani chiyenera kuthandizidwa limodzi ndi mabungwe amakampani ndi makampani. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulimbitsa mgwirizano pakati pa makampani, kulimbitsa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa mabungwe amakampani, ndikuthandizira mabizinesi kulimbana ndi milandu yosiyanasiyana yapadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, chitetezo cha malonda apadziko lonse lapansi monga kuletsa kutaya katundu ndi kuletsa kutaya katundu ndi makampani okha nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofooka komanso chopanda mphamvu. Pakadali pano, "thandizo la mfundo" ndi "thandizo la mabungwe" akadali ndi ulendo wautali woti apite, ndipo ntchito zambiri ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikugonjetsedwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi, monga mfundo zoteteza katundu wanzeru, malamulo amakampani ndi miyezo yolumikizirana, ndi nsanja zofufuzira ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamba. , milandu yamalonda, ndi zina zotero.
4. Pangani misika yambiri kuti mukulitse "gulu la mabwenzi". Kuchokera pakuwona kukula kwa malo, mabizinesi ayenera kusamala kwambiri misika yamkati ndi yakunja, kukhazikitsa maziko okulitsa kunja kutengera kufunikira kwa zinthu ndi ntchito zapamwamba zamkati, ndikufufuza mwachangu msika wapadziko lonse lapansi pansi pa kufunafuna kupita patsogolo pamene akusunga bata. Kumbali ina, akulangizidwa kuti mabizinesi akonze bwino kapangidwe ka msika wapadziko lonse wa malonda akunja, kusintha momwe mabizinesi amagwiritsira ntchito pamsika umodzi wakunja, ndikuchita mapangidwe angapo a msika wakunja kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha malonda akunja kunja kwa dzikolo.
5. Kukweza luso la zinthu ndi ntchito zomwe zili mu malonda ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu malonda. Kuchokera ku malo, makampani ayenera kufulumizitsa kusintha ndi kukweza zinthu, kuwonjezera njira zatsopano, osati zinthu zotsika mtengo zokha m'mbuyomu, kutsegula minda yatsopano yambiri, ndikukulitsa ndikupanga zabwino zatsopano mu mpikisano wamalonda wapadziko lonse. Ngati kampani yadziwa bwino ukadaulo wofunikira m'magawo ofunikira, zomwe zingathandize kumanga mpikisano wofunikira wa zinthu, zidzakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa mphamvu yamitengo ya zinthu, kenako amatha kuyankha bwino kuwonjezeka kwa mitengo ya zinthu ku Europe ndi United States ndi mayiko ena. Makampani ayenera kuwonjezera ndalama mu ukadaulo, kukonza mpikisano wa zinthu, ndikupeza maoda ambiri kudzera mukusintha zinthu.
6. Kugwirizana pakati pa anzawo kumawonjezera chidaliro. Mabungwe ena amakampani adanenanso kuti makampani opanga zomangira ali pamavuto akulu pakadali pano, ndipo Europe ndi United States ayika misonkho yokwera pamakampani aku China, koma musadandaule, mitengo yathu ya zomangira zamkati ikadali ndi zabwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, anzathu amaphana, ndipo anzathu ayenera kugwirizana kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zili bwino. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yothetsera nkhondo zamalonda.
7. Makampani onse omangirira ayenera kulimbikitsa kulumikizana ndi mabungwe amalonda. Pezani chenjezo loyambirira la "chitsimikizo cha awiri otsutsana ndi chimodzi" munthawi yake, ndikuchita bwino popewa zoopsa pamsika wogulitsa kunja.
8. Limbitsani kusinthana kwa mayiko ndi kulumikizana. Gwirizanani ndi ogulitsa ochokera kunja, ogwiritsa ntchito ndi ogula kuti muchepetse kukakamizidwa kwa chitetezo cha malonda. Kuphatikiza apo, tengani nthawi yokweza zinthu ndi mafakitale, pang'onopang'ono kusintha kuchokera ku zabwino zofananira kupita ku zabwino zopikisana, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutumiza kunja kwa makina opangira ndi mafakitale ena kuti muyendetse zinthu za kampaniyo. Ndi njira yabwino yopewera mikangano yamalonda ndikuchepetsa kutayika pakadali pano.
Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chikwama ichi choletsa kutaya zinyalala ndi izi: zomangira zitsulo zina (kupatula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri), zomwe ndi: zomangira zamatabwa (kupatula zomangira zotsalira), zomangira zodzigwira zokha, zomangira zina zamutu ndi mabolts (kaya ndi kapena popanda mtedza kapena ma washers, koma osaphatikiza zomangira ndi mabolts omangira zipangizo zomangira njanji) ndi zomangira.
Ma code a kasitomu okhudzidwa: Ma code a CN 7318 1290, 7318 14 91, 7318 14 99, 731815 58, 7318 15 68, 7318 15 82, 7318 15 88, ex7318 15 95 (ma code a TARIC 7318 1595 19 ndi 7318 8) 7318 21 00 (TariccoDes 7318 21 00 31, 7318 21 0039, 7318 21 00 95) ndi EX7318 22 00 (Ma code a Taric 7318 22 00 31, 7318 22 00 39, 7318 22 0095 ndi 7318 2200 98).
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-09-2022
