I. Annealing
Hanyar aiki:
Bayan dumama da karfe yanki zuwa zazzabi na Ac3+30 ~ 50 digiri ko Ac1+30 ~ 50 digiri ko kasa Ac1 (zaka iya tuntubar da dacewa bayanai), shi ne kullum sanyaya a hankali tare da tanderu zafin jiki.
Manufar:
Rage taurin, ƙara filastik, inganta yankan da aikin mashin ɗin matsa lamba;
Tace hatsi, inganta kayan aikin injiniya, da shirya don tsari na gaba;
Kawar da damuwa na ciki da ke haifar da sanyi da aiki mai zafi.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. Mai dacewa da ƙarfe tsarin ƙarfe, ƙarfe kayan aiki na ƙarfe, ƙarfe kayan aiki na ƙarfe, ƙirƙira ƙarfe mai sauri, welding da albarkatun ƙasa tare da matsayin wadatar da ba ta dace ba;
2. Gabaɗaya annealed a cikin m jihar.
II. Daidaitawa
Hanyar aiki:
An yi zafi da yanki na karfe zuwa Ac3 ko Acm sama da digiri 30 ~ 50, bayan rufewa zuwa dan kadan fiye da yanayin sanyaya na sanyaya.
Manufar:
Rage taurin, inganta filastik, inganta aikin yankan da matsa lamba;
Gyaran hatsi, inganta kayan aikin injiniya, don tsari na gaba don shirya;
Kawar da damuwa na ciki da ke haifar da sanyi da aiki mai zafi.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
Normalizing yawanci ana amfani da shi azaman ƙirƙira, walda da ɓangarorin carburizing na tsarin maganin zafin zafin jiki. Don aikin buƙatun ƙananan carbon carbon carbon tsarin karfe da ƙananan sassan ƙarfe na ƙarfe, kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman maganin zafi na ƙarshe. Don matsakaicin matsakaici da babban gami da ƙarfe, sanyaya iska na iya haifar da ƙarewa ko ɓarna, sabili da haka ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman tsarin kula da zafi na ƙarshe ba.
III. Quenching
Hanyar aiki:
Zafi sassan karfen da ke sama da yanayin canza yanayin zafin AC3 ko Ac1, riƙe na ɗan lokaci, sannan suyi sanyi da sauri cikin ruwa, nitrate, mai ko iska.
Manufar:
Quenching ne kullum don samun high taurin martensitic kungiyar, wani lokacin ga wasu high-gami karfe (kamar bakin karfe, sa-resistant karfe) quenching, shi ne don samun guda uniform austenitic kungiyar, domin inganta lalacewa juriya da kuma lalata juriya.
Abubuwan Aikace-aikace:
Gabaɗaya ana amfani da su don carbon da alloy steels tare da abun ciki na carbon fiye da sifili kashi uku;
Quenching na iya ba da cikakken wasa ga ƙarfin da kuma sa ƙarfin juriya na ƙarfe, amma a lokaci guda zai haifar da damuwa mai yawa na ciki, rage filastik da tasirin ƙarfin ƙarfe, don haka ya zama dole don fushi don samun mafi kyawun kayan aikin injiniya gabaɗaya.
IV. Haushi
Hanyar aiki:
Sassan ƙarfe da aka kashe sun sake yin zafi zuwa zafin jiki a ƙasa da Ac1, bayan rufewa, a cikin iska ko mai, ruwan zafi, sanyaya ruwa.
Manufar:
Rage ko kawar da damuwa na ciki bayan quenching, rage nakasar kayan aiki da fatattaka;
Don daidaita taurin, inganta filastik da tauri, da samun kayan aikin injiniya da ake buƙata don aikin;
Tabbatar da girman kayan aikin.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. Kula da babban taurin da kuma sa juriya na karfe bayan quenching tare da ƙananan zafin jiki; domin ya kula da wani mataki na tauri a karkashin yanayin inganta elasticity da kuma samar da ƙarfi na karfe tare da matsakaici-zazzabi tempering; don kula da babban tasirin tasiri mai ƙarfi da filastik shine babban, amma kuma yana da isasshen ƙarfi tare da zafin jiki mai zafi;
2. General karfe kokarin kauce wa 230 ~ 280 digiri, bakin karfe tempering tsakanin 400 ~ 450 digiri, domin wannan lokaci zai samar da wani tempering embrittlement.
Fassara da DeepL.com (sigar kyauta)
V. Haushi
Hanyar aiki:
Matsakaicin zafin jiki bayan kashewa ana kiransa tempering, watau dumama sassan karfe zuwa zazzabi sama da digiri 10 zuwa 20 sama da na kashewa, a rike shi don kashewa, sannan a sanya shi a zazzabi na digiri 400 zuwa 720.
Manufar:
Inganta yankan yi da machining surface gama;
Rage nakasawa da fashe yayin kashewa;
Sami ingantattun kaddarorin inji.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. Domin gami tsarin karfe, gami kayan aiki karfe da high-gudun karfe tare da high hardenability;
2. ba kawai za a iya amfani da a matsayin iri-iri mafi muhimmanci tsarin na karshe zafi magani, amma kuma za a iya amfani da matsayin wasu m sassa, kamar sukurori da sauran pre-zafi magani don rage nakasawa.
VI. tsufa
Hanyar aiki:
Gasa sassan karfe zuwa digiri 80 ~ 200, riƙe don 5 ~ 20 hours ko fiye, sa'an nan kuma fitar da tanderun don kwantar da iska a cikin iska.
Manufar:
Tabbatar da tsarin sassan karfe bayan quenching, rage lalacewa yayin ajiya ko amfani;
Don rage damuwa na ciki bayan quenching da kuma aikin niƙa, da kuma daidaita siffar da girma.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. m zuwa daban-daban karfe maki bayan quenching;
2. Yawanci ana amfani da su a cikin buƙatun sifar ƙaƙƙarfan aiki ba ya canzawa, kamar ƙaramin dunƙule, kayan aikin aunawa, chassis na gado.
VII. Maganin sanyi
Hanyar aiki:
Za a kashe karfe, a cikin matsakaicin ƙananan zafin jiki (kamar busassun ƙanƙara, nitrogen ruwa) a cikin sanyaya zuwa -60 ~ -80 digiri ko ƙasa, zafin jiki iri ɗaya ne kuma daidai bayan cire daidaitattun zafin jiki zuwa zafin jiki.
Manufar:
1. don haka duk ko mafi yawan ragowar austenite a cikin sassan ƙarfe da aka kashe an canza su zuwa martensite, don haka ƙara ƙarfi, ƙarfi, juriya da ƙarancin gajiya na sassan ƙarfe;
2. Tabbatar da ƙungiyar karfe don daidaita siffar da girman sassan karfe.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. Ƙarfe quenching ya kamata ya kasance nan da nan bayan maganin sanyi, sa'an nan kuma ƙananan zafin jiki, don kawar da ƙananan zafin jiki na damuwa na ciki;
2. Cold magani ne yafi zartar da gami karfe sanya daga m kayan aiki, gauges da m sassa.
VIII. quenching na harshen wuta dumama
Hanyar aiki:
Tare da oxygen - acetylene gas cakuda ƙone wuta, fesa saman saman karfe sassa, da sauri dumama, lokacin da quenching zafin jiki ne kai tsaye bayan ruwa fesa sanyaya.
Manufar: don inganta taurin saman, sa juriya da ƙarfin gajiya na sassa na ƙarfe, zuciya har yanzu tana kula da taurin jihar.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. Mafi yawa amfani da matsakaici-carbon karfe sassa, da general zurfin quenching Layer na 2 zuwa 6mm;
2. Domin guda-yanki ko kananan tsari samar da manyan workpieces da kuma bukatar gida quenching na workpiece.
Tara Induction dumama taurin
Hanyar aiki:
Sanya guntun karfe a cikin inductor, ta yadda saman karfen don samar da induction current, a cikin kankanin lokaci mai zafi zuwa zafin wuta, sannan a fesa ruwan sanyaya.
Manufar: Don inganta taurin saman, sa juriya da ƙarfin gajiya na sassa na ƙarfe, zuciya don kula da taurin jihar.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. Mafi yawa amfani ga matsakaici carbon karfe da matsakaici hall gami tsarin karfe sassa;
2. Saboda fata sakamako, high-mita shigar da hardening quenching Layer ne kullum 1 ~ 2mm, matsakaici-mita quenching ne kullum 3 ~ 5mm, high-mita quenching ne kullum mafi girma fiye da 10mm.
X. Carburizing
Hanyar aiki:
Karfe sassa a cikin carburizing matsakaici, mai tsanani zuwa 900 ~ 950 digiri da kuma ci gaba da dumi, sabõda haka, karfe surface samun wani taro da kuma zurfin da carburizing Layer.
Manufar:
Inganta taurin saman, sa juriya da ƙarfin gajiyar sassan ƙarfe, har yanzu zuciya tana kula da taurin jihar.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. Domin carbon abun ciki na 0.15% zuwa 0.25% na m karfe da kuma low gami karfe sassa, da general zurfin carburizing Layer na 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Carburizing dole ne a kashe bayan carburizing, don haka surface ya zama martensite, don cimma manufar carburizing.
XI. Nitriding
Hanyar aiki:
Yin amfani da ammonia a 500 ~ 600 digiri lokacin da bazuwar ƙwayoyin nitrogen mai aiki, don haka saman karfe ya cika da nitrogen, samuwar nitrided Layer.
Manufar:
Inganta taurin, sa juriya, ƙarfin gajiya da juriya na lalata saman saman ƙarfe.
Abubuwan Aikace-aikace:
Ana amfani dashi don aluminum, chromium, molybdenum da sauran abubuwan alloying a cikin tsarin ƙarfe na carbon alloy, da carbon karfe da simintin ƙarfe, zurfin Layer nitriding na 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Nitrogen da carbon haɗin gwiwa
Hanyar aiki:
Carbonizing da nitriding zuwa saman karfe a lokaci guda.
Manufar:
Don inganta taurin, sa juriya, ƙarfin gajiya da juriyar lalata saman ƙarfe.
Abubuwan aikace-aikace:
1. An yi amfani da shi don ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon, ƙananan tsarin ƙarfe da kayan aiki na kayan aiki, zurfin nitriding Layer 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Bayan nitriding, quenching da ƙananan zafin jiki.
Fassara da DeepL.com (sigar kyauta)
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-08-2024
