I. Ukuqokelela
Indlela yokusebenza:
Emva kokufudumeza intsimbi ukuya kubushushu obuyi-Ac3+30~50 degrees okanye i-Ac1+30~50 degrees okanye ngaphantsi kwe-Ac1 (ungajonga ulwazi olufanelekileyo), ngokubanzi ipholiswa kancinci ngobushushu besithando.
Injongo:
Ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukwandisa i-plasticity, ukuphucula ukusika kunye nokusebenza komatshini woxinzelelo;
Coca iinkozo, uphucule iimpawu zoomatshini, kwaye ulungiselele inkqubo elandelayo;
Susa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukusebenza okubandayo nokushisa.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Isebenza kwintsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy, intsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni, intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy, ii-forgings zentsimbi ezikhawulezayo, ii-weldments kunye nezinto eziluhlaza ezinesimo sobonelelo esingafanelekiyo;
2. Ngokuqhelekileyo igqunywe kwimeko embi.
II. Ukulungisa izinto zibe zesiqhelo
Indlela yokusebenza:
Intsimbi ifudunyezwa ukuya kwi-Ac3 okanye kwi-Acm engaphezulu kwama-30 ~ 50 degrees, emva kokugquma ukuya kuthi ga kwizinga lokuphola xa iphola i-annealing.
Injongo:
Ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukuphucula i-plasticity, ukuphucula ukusika kunye nokusebenza komatshini woxinzelelo;
Ukulungiswa kweenkozo, ukuphucula iipropati zoomatshini, ukulungiselela inkqubo elandelayo;
Susa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukusebenza okubandayo nokushisa.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
Ukulungisa izinto kudla ngokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokubumba, ukuwelda kunye nokufaka i-carburizing kwinkqubo yonyango lwangaphambi kobushushu. Kwiimfuno zokusebenza kwesinyithi sekhabhoni yekhabhoni esisezantsi nesiphakathi kunye nesinyithi se-alloy esiphantsi, kunokusetyenziswa njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu. Kwisinyithi se-alloy esiphakathi nesiphezulu, ukupholisa umoya kunokukhokelela ekucimeni ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga, kwaye ke ngoko akunakusetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokugqibela yonyango lobushushu.
III. Ukucima
Indlela yokusebenza:
Fudumeza iindawo zentsimbi ezingaphezulu kobushushu bokutshintsha kwesigaba i-Ac3 okanye i-Ac1, zibambe ixesha elithile, uze uzipholise ngokukhawuleza emanzini, kwi-nitrate, kwioyile okanye emoyeni.
Injongo:
Ukucima ngokuqhelekileyo kukufumana umbutho we-martensitic wobunzima obuphezulu, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yentsimbi ethile ene-alloy ephezulu (njengentsimbi engagqwaliyo, intsimbi engagugiyo) yokucima, kukufumana umbutho omnye we-austenitic ofanayo, ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Amanqaku okusetyenziswa:
Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintsimbi zekhabhoni kunye ne-alloy ezinomthamo wekhabhoni ongaphezulu kwe-zero point 3%;
Ukucima isinyithi kunokunika amandla kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwesinyithi ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuya kubangela uxinzelelo oluninzi lwangaphakathi, kunciphisa ukuqina kwesinyithi kunye nokuqina kwesinyithi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuyinciphisa ukuze ufumane iipropati zoomatshini ezingcono.
IV. Ukulinganisela
Indlela yokusebenza:
Iindawo zentsimbi ezicinyiweyo zifudunyezwa kwakhona ukuya kubushushu obungaphantsi kwe-Ac1, emva kokugquma, emoyeni okanye kwioyile, emanzini ashushu, namanzi apholisayo.
Injongo:
Nciphisa okanye uphelise uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi emva kokucima, nciphisa ukuguquguquka kwento yokusebenza kunye nokuqhekeka;
Ukulungisa ubulukhuni, ukuphucula i-plasticity kunye nokuqina, kunye nokufumana iipropati zoomatshini ezifunekayo kumsebenzi;
Zinzisa ubungakanani besixhobo somsebenzi.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Gcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwentsimbi emva kokucima ngokushisa okuphantsi; ukuze kugcinwe ubulukhuni obuthile phantsi kweemeko zokuphucula ukuthamba kunye namandla okuvelisa intsimbi ngokushisa okuphakathi; ukuze kugcinwe ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye ne-plasticity yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka ibe namandla aneleyo ngokushisa okuphezulu;
2. Intsimbi eqhelekileyo zama ukuphepha iidigri ezingama-230 ~ 280, intsimbi engatyiwayo ifudunyezwe phakathi kwamadigri angama-400 ~ 450, kuba ngeli xesha kuya kubangela ukurhawuzelelwa.
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V. Ukulinganisela
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukufudumala okuphezulu emva kokucima kubizwa ngokuba kukufudumala, oko kukuthi, ukufudumeza iindawo zentsimbi kubushushu obuyi-10 ukuya kuma-20 degrees ngaphezulu kunobokucima, ukuyibamba ukuze icime, uze uyifudumeze kubushushu obuyi-400 ukuya kuma-720 degrees.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokusika kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu womatshini;
Ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqhekeka ngexesha lokucima;
Fumana iipropati ezilungileyo zoomatshini ezibanzi.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Kwintsimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy, intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy kunye nentsimbi ekhawulezayo enokuqina okuphezulu;
2. Ayinakusetyenziswa nje kuphela njengesakhiwo esibaluleke ngakumbi sonyango lokugqibela lobushushu, kodwa ingasetyenziswa njengeendawo eziqinileyo, njengezikrufu kunye nolunye unyango lwangaphambi kobushushu ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka.
VI. Ukwaluphala
Indlela yokusebenza:
Fudumeza iindawo zentsimbi ukuya kuma-80~200 degrees, zibambe iiyure ezi-5~20 nangaphezulu, uze uzikhuphe ne-oven ukuze ziphole emoyeni.
Injongo:
Zinzisa ulungelelwaniso lweendawo zentsimbi emva kokucima, nciphisa ukuguquguquka ngexesha lokugcina okanye lokusebenzisa;
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi emva kokucima kunye nemisebenzi yokugaya, kunye nokuzinzisa imo kunye nobukhulu.
Amanqaku okusetyenziswa:
1. Isebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi emva kokucima;
2. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-compact workpiece esetyenziswa kwiimfuno zemilo ayitshintshi, njenge-compact screw, izixhobo zokulinganisa, kunye ne-bed chassis.
VII. Unyango lomkhuhlane
Indlela yokusebenza:
Iza kucima intsimbi, kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi (njengomkhenkce owomileyo, initrogen engamanzi) xa ipholile ukuya kuma-degrees -60 ~ -80 okanye ngaphantsi, ubushushu buyafana kwaye buhlala bufana emva kokususa ubushushu obufanayo kubushushu begumbi.
Injongo:
1. ukuze yonke okanye uninzi lwe-austenite eseleyo kwiindawo zentsimbi ezicinyiweyo iguqulwe ibe yi-martensite, ngaloo ndlela yonyusa ubulukhuni, amandla, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nomda wokudinwa kweendawo zentsimbi;
2. Zinzisa ulungelelwaniso lwentsimbi ukuze uzinzise imo kunye nobukhulu beendawo zentsimbi.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Ukucima intsimbi kufuneka kwenziwe kwangoko emva konyango olubandayo, uze emva koko kufakwe ubushushu obuphantsi, ukuze kupheliswe ukupholisa okuphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi;
2. Unyango olubandayo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimbi ye-alloy eyenziwe ngezixhobo ezincinci, iigeyiji kunye neendawo ezincinci.
VIII. Ukucima umphezulu wobushushu belangatye
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ngomxube wegesi ye-oksijini-acetylene, ilangabi elivuthayo, litshizwa phezu kweendawo zentsimbi, lifudunyezwa ngokukhawuleza, xa ubushushu bokucima bufikelelwa kwangoko emva kokuba amanzi epholile.
Injongo: ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye namandla okudinwa kweendawo zentsimbi, intliziyo isagcina ubulukhuni bemeko.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zentsimbi zekhabhoni ephakathi, ubunzulu ngokubanzi bomaleko wokucima buyi-2 ukuya kwi-6mm;
2. Ukuveliswa kwezinto zokusebenza ezinkulu ngenxalenye enye okanye encinci kunye nesidingo sokucinywa kwendawo yomsebenzi.
Isithoba. Ukuqina komphezulu wokufudumeza we-induction
Indlela yokusebenza:
Faka intsimbi kwi-inductor, ukuze umphezulu wentsimbi uvelise umsinga wokungenisa, ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu ufudumale ukuya kubushushu bokucima, uze emva koko utshize ngamanzi apholisayo.
Injongo: Ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye namandla okudinwa kwamalungu entsimbi, intliziyo ukugcina ubulukhuni belizwe.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimbi yekhabhoni ephakathi kunye neenxalenye zentsimbi ye-hall alloy ephakathi;
2. Ngenxa yempembelelo yesikhumba, umaleko wokucinywa kokuqina kokufakelwa kokuqina okuphezulu ngokubanzi yi-1 ~ 2mm, ukucinywa kokuqina okuphakathi ngokubanzi yi-3 ~ 5mm, ukucinywa kokuqina okuphezulu ngokubanzi kungaphezulu kwe-10mm.
X. Ukufaka iikhabhoritha
Indlela yokusebenza:
Iinxalenye zentsimbi zifakwa kwi-medium carburizing, zifudunyezwe ukuya kuma-900 ~ 950 degrees kwaye zigcinwe zifudumele, ukuze umphezulu wentsimbi ufumane uxinzelelo oluthile kunye nobunzulu bomaleko carburizing.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye namandla okudinwa kweendawo zentsimbi, intliziyo isagcina ubulukhuni bemeko.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Ngomxholo wekhabhoni we-0.15% ukuya kwi-0.25% yentsimbi ethambileyo kunye neenxalenye zentsimbi ye-alloy ephantsi, ubunzulu ngokubanzi bomaleko we-carburizing we-0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. I-Carburizing kufuneka icinywe emva kwe-carburizing, ukuze umphezulu ube yi-martensite, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo ye-carburizing.
XI. Ukukhupha i-Nitriding
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia kwi-500 ~ 600 degrees xa ii-athomu ze-nitrogen ezisebenzayo ziqhekeka, ukuze umphezulu wentsimbi uzaliswe yi-nitrogen, ukwakheka komaleko we-nitrided.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, amandla okudinwa kunye nokumelana nokugqwala komphezulu wentsimbi.
Amanqaku okusetyenziswa:
Isetyenziselwa i-aluminium, i-chromium, i-molybdenum kunye nezinye izinto zokudibanisa kwintsimbi yesakhiwo se-carbon alloy, kunye nentsimbi ye-carbon kunye ne-cast iron, ubunzulu be-nitriding maleko jikelele yi-0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Ukungena kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon kunye
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukufaka i-carbonization kunye ne-nitriding kumphezulu wentsimbi ngaxeshanye.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, amandla okudinwa kunye nokumelana nokugqwala komphezulu wentsimbi.
Amanqaku okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetyenziselwa intsimbi enekhabhoni ephantsi, intsimbi yesakhiwo esine-alloy ephantsi kunye neenxalenye zentsimbi yesixhobo, ubunzulu be-nitriding maleko ngokubanzi yi-0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Emva kokufaka i-nitriding, ukucima kunye nokushisa okuphantsi.
Iguqulelwe ngeDeepL.com (inguqulelo yasimahla)
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-08-2024
