I. Ƙararrawa
Hanyar aiki:
Bayan an dumama ƙarfen zuwa zafin digiri na Ac3+30~50 ko digiri na Ac1+30~50 ko ƙasa da Ac1 (za ku iya duba bayanan da suka dace), galibi ana sanyaya shi a hankali tare da zafin wutar.
Manufa:
Rage tauri, ƙara ƙarfin lantarki, inganta aikin yankewa da matsi na injin;
Tace hatsi, inganta halayen injiniya, da kuma shirya don tsari na gaba;
Kawar da damuwar ciki da sanyi da zafi ke haifarwa.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. Ya dace da ƙarfe mai tsari na ƙarfe, ƙarfe mai amfani da carbon, ƙarfe mai aiki da ƙarfe mai aiki da ƙarfe, ƙarfe mai sauri, walda da kayan aiki masu ƙarancin wadata;
2. Gabaɗaya ana zubar da shi a cikin yanayi mai wahala.
II. Daidaita Daidaito
Hanyar aiki:
Ana dumama ɓangaren ƙarfe zuwa Ac3 ko Acm sama da digiri 30 zuwa 50, bayan an rufe shi da wani abu mai ƙarfi fiye da yadda ake sanyaya shi.
Manufa:
Rage tauri, inganta plasticity, inganta aikin yankewa da matsi na injin;
Gyaran hatsi, inganta halayen injiniya, don shiri na gaba;
Kawar da damuwar ciki da sanyi da zafi ke haifarwa.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
Yawanci ana amfani da Daidaita Daidaito a matsayin sassa na ƙirƙira, walda da kuma carburizing na tsarin gyaran zafin jiki. Don buƙatun aiki na ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon carbon carbon da sassan ƙarfe mai ƙarancin alloy, ana iya amfani da su azaman maganin zafi na ƙarshe. Ga ƙarfe mai matsakaicin alloy da mai tsayi, sanyaya iska na iya haifar da ƙarewa gaba ɗaya ko ɓangare, don haka ba za a iya amfani da su azaman tsarin gyaran zafi na ƙarshe ba.
III. Kashewa
Hanyar aiki:
Zafafa sassan ƙarfe sama da yanayin canjin yanayin Ac3 ko Ac1, a riƙe na ɗan lokaci, sannan a sanyaya da sauri a cikin ruwa, nitrate, mai ko iska.
Manufa:
Kashewa gabaɗaya shine don samun tsarin martensitic mai tauri, wani lokacin don wasu ƙarfe masu ƙarfi (kamar bakin ƙarfe, ƙarfe masu juriya ga lalacewa), shine don samun tsarin austenitic guda ɗaya, domin inganta juriya ga lalacewa da juriya ga tsatsa.
Ma'ajiyar Aikace-aikace:
Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don ƙarfe na carbon da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe waɗanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin carbon fiye da kashi sifili uku cikin ɗari;
Kashe ƙarfe zai iya ba da cikakken amfani ga ƙarfinsa da ƙarfin juriyar sawa na ƙarfe, amma a lokaci guda zai haifar da damuwa mai yawa a cikin ciki, yana rage ƙarfinsa da kuma tasirin taurin ƙarfe, don haka ya zama dole a yi haƙuri don samun ingantattun halayen injiniya gabaɗaya.
IV. Mai juriya
Hanyar aiki:
An sake dumama sassan ƙarfe da aka kashe zuwa zafin da ke ƙasa da Ac1, bayan an rufe su, a cikin iska ko mai, ruwan zafi, da sanyaya ruwa.
Manufa:
Rage ko kawar da damuwa ta ciki bayan an kashe shi, rage nakasar kayan aikin da fashewa;
Don daidaita taurin, inganta laushi da tauri, da kuma samun halayen injiniya da ake buƙata don aikin;
Daidaita girman kayan aikin.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. A kiyaye ƙarfin tauri sosai kuma a yi amfani da juriyar ƙarfe bayan an kashe shi da ƙarfin rage zafi; Domin a kiyaye wani matakin tauri a ƙarƙashin yanayin inganta sassauci da ƙarfin samar da ƙarfe tare da ƙarfin matsakaicin zafin jiki; Domin a kiyaye ƙarfin tasiri mai yawa, ƙarfin tauri shine babban abu, amma kuma a sami isasshen ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin rage zafi mai yawa;
2. Karfe na gama gari yana ƙoƙarin guje wa zafin da ke tsakanin digiri 400 zuwa 450, kuma yana rage zafin da ke tsakanin digiri 230 zuwa 280, domin a wannan karon zai haifar da kumburin da ke haifar da zafi.
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V. Tempering
Hanyar aiki:
Ana kiran gyaran zafin jiki mai yawa bayan an kashe shi da tempering, wato, dumama sassan ƙarfe zuwa zafin da ya fi digiri 10 zuwa 20 sama da na kashewa, riƙe shi don kashewa, sannan a daidaita shi a zafin da ya kai digiri 400 zuwa 720.
Manufa:
Inganta aikin yankewa da kuma kammala aikin injin;
Rage nakasa da tsagewa yayin kashewa;
Samu kyawawan kyawawan kaddarorin injiniya.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. Don ƙarfe mai tsari na ƙarfe, ƙarfe mai kayan aiki na ƙarfe da ƙarfe mai sauri mai ƙarfi;
2. Ba wai kawai za a iya amfani da shi azaman tsari mai mahimmanci na maganin zafi na ƙarshe ba, har ma ana iya amfani da shi azaman wasu sassa masu matsewa, kamar sukurori da sauran maganin zafin kafin a yi amfani da shi don rage nakasa.
VI. Tsufa
Hanyar aiki:
Zafafa sassan ƙarfe zuwa digiri 80 zuwa 200, a riƙe na tsawon awanni 5 zuwa 20 ko fiye, sannan a fitar da su da murhu don su huce a iska.
Manufa:
Daidaita tsarin sassan ƙarfe bayan an kashe su, rage nakasar yayin ajiya ko amfani;
Don rage damuwa a cikin jiki bayan kashewa da kuma ayyukan niƙa, da kuma daidaita siffa da girmansa.
Wuraren da ake amfani da su:
1. ya dace da nau'ikan ƙarfe daban-daban bayan an kashe su;
2. Ana amfani da shi akai-akai a cikin buƙatun siffar ƙaramin aikin ba ya canzawa, kamar sukurori mai ƙanƙanta, kayan aikin aunawa, da kuma kayan gado.
VII. Maganin Sanyi
Hanyar aiki:
Za a kashe ƙarfe, a cikin matsakaicin zafin jiki mai ƙarancin zafi (kamar busasshen kankara, ruwa mai nitrogen) a cikin sanyaya zuwa digiri -60 ~ -80 ko ƙasa da haka, zafin zai kasance iri ɗaya kuma daidai bayan an cire yanayin zafin da ya dace zuwa yanayin zafin ɗaki.
Manufa:
1. ta yadda dukkan ko mafi yawan ragowar austenite a cikin sassan ƙarfe da aka kashe za a mayar da su zuwa martensite, ta haka ne za a ƙara tauri, ƙarfi, juriyar lalacewa da kuma iyakokin gajiya na sassan ƙarfe;
2. Daidaita tsarin ƙarfe don daidaita siffar da girman sassan ƙarfe.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. Ya kamata a yi amfani da na'urar kashe ƙarfe nan da nan bayan an yi amfani da maganin sanyi, sannan a yi amfani da na'urar rage zafi, domin a kawar da sanyin da ke cikin ƙasa;
2. Maganin sanyi ya fi dacewa da ƙarfen ƙarfe da aka yi da ƙananan kayan aiki, ma'auni da ƙananan sassa.
VIII. Kashe saman dumama harshen wuta
Hanyar aiki:
Tare da iskar oxygen-acetylene gas cakuda yana ƙone harshen wuta, wanda aka fesa a saman sassan ƙarfe, yana dumama da sauri, lokacin da aka kai zafin kashewa nan da nan bayan ruwan ya huce.
Manufa: don inganta taurin saman, juriyar sawa da ƙarfin gajiya na sassan ƙarfe, zuciya har yanzu tana riƙe da taurin jihar.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. Ana amfani da shi galibi ga sassan ƙarfe masu matsakaicin carbon, zurfin gabaɗaya na layin kashewa na 2 zuwa 6mm;
2. Don samar da manyan kayan aiki guda ɗaya ko ƙaramin rukuni da kuma buƙatar kashe kayan aikin a gida.
Tara. Ƙarfafa saman dumama mai shigowa
Hanyar aiki:
Sanya ƙarfen a cikin inductor, ta yadda saman ƙarfen zai samar da wutar lantarki, cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci zai dumama zuwa zafin kashewa, sannan a fesa ruwa a sanyaya.
Manufa: Don inganta taurin saman, juriya da gajiyar sassa na ƙarfe, zuciya don kiyaye taurin jihar.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. Ana amfani da shi galibi don sassan ƙarfe na carbon matsakaici da sassan ƙarfe na ƙarfe na tsakiya;
2. Saboda tasirin fata, babban layin quenching na induction taurare mai ƙarfi gabaɗaya yana da 1 ~ 2mm, matsakaicin quenching yawanci 3 ~ 5mm ne, babban quenching gabaɗaya ya fi 10mm.
X. Carburizing
Hanyar aiki:
Sassan ƙarfe a cikin matsakaicin carburetion, ana dumama su zuwa digiri 900 ~ 950 kuma a ci gaba da dumama su, don haka saman ƙarfe ya sami takamaiman taro da zurfin Layer carburetion.
Manufa:
Inganta taurin saman, juriyar sawa da ƙarfin gajiya na sassan ƙarfe, zuciya har yanzu tana riƙe da taurin jihar.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. Don yawan sinadarin carbon da ke cikin 0.15% zuwa 0.25% na ƙarfe mai laushi da sassan ƙarfe masu ƙarancin ƙarfe, zurfin gaba ɗaya na layin carburetion shine 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Dole ne a kashe carburizing bayan an yi carburizing, ta yadda saman zai zama martensite, domin cimma manufar carburizing.
XI. Nitriding
Hanyar aiki:
Amfani da ammonia a digiri 500 ~ 600 lokacin da aka lalata ƙwayoyin nitrogen masu aiki, don haka saman ƙarfe ya cika da nitrogen, samuwar Layer na nitrided.
Manufa:
Inganta taurin kai, juriyar lalacewa, ƙarfin gajiya da juriyar tsatsa na saman ƙarfe.
Ma'ajiyar Aikace-aikace:
Ana amfani da shi don aluminum, chromium, molybdenum da sauran abubuwan haɗin ƙarfe a cikin ƙarfe mai tsari na ƙarfe, da kuma ƙarfe mai ƙarfe da ƙarfe mai siminti, zurfin Layer na nitriding na gabaɗaya na 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Haɗakar sinadarin nitrogen da carbon
Hanyar aiki:
Carbonization da nitriding zuwa saman ƙarfe a lokaci guda.
Manufa:
Don inganta taurin kai, juriyar lalacewa, ƙarfin gajiya da juriyar tsatsa na saman ƙarfe.
Mahimman aikace-aikace:
1. Ana amfani da shi don ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon, ƙananan ƙarfe na tsarin ƙarfe da sassan ƙarfe na kayan aiki, zurfin Layer na nitriding gabaɗaya 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Bayan nitriding, compression da kuma rage zafin jiki.
An fassara shi da DeepL.com (sigar kyauta)
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-08-2024
