I. Annealing
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Nyuma yo gushyushya icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa dogere Ac3+30~50 cyangwa dogere Ac1+30~50 cyangwa munsi ya dogere Ac1 (ushobora kureba amakuru ajyanye nacyo), muri rusange gikonjeshwa buhoro buhoro n'ubushyuhe bw'itanura.
Intego:
Kugabanya ubukana, kongera ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho, kunoza imikorere yo gukata no gutunganya igitutu;
Kunoza ingano, kunoza imiterere y'imashini, no kwitegura igikorwa gikurikira;
Kuraho imihangayiko y'imbere iterwa no gukora ibintu bikonje n'ibishyushye.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. Bikoreshwa ku byuma by'ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma, ibikoresho bya karuboni, ibikoresho by'ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma, ibikoresho by'ibyuma byihuta, ibikoresho byo gusudira n'ibikoresho fatizo bifite ubushobozi bwo kubitanga butujuje ibisabwa;
2. Muri rusange irafungwa mu gihe cy'ibiza.
II. Guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Igice cy'icyuma gishyushya kugeza kuri Ac3 cyangwa Acm hejuru ya dogere 30 ~ 50, nyuma yo gushyushya kugeza ku rugero runini gato ugereranyije n'igipimo cyo gukonjesha cyo gukonjesha.
Intego:
Kugabanya ubukana, kunoza imikorere y'ubuziranenge, kunoza imikorere yo gukata no gutunganya igitutu;
Gutunganya ibinyampeke, kunoza imiterere y'imashini, kugira ngo igikorwa gikurikiraho gitegurwe;
Kuraho imihangayiko y'imbere iterwa no gukora ibintu bikonje n'ibishyushye.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
Gutunganya ubusanzwe bikoreshwa nk'ibice by'ubucuzi, gusudira no gukaraba ibice by'uburyo bwo gutunganya mbere yo gushyushya. Ku bijyanye n'imikorere y'ibyuma by'ubwubatsi bya karubone karubone nke n'ibiciriritse hamwe n'ibice by'icyuma bike, bishobora no gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ku byuma rusange n'ibice byinshi, gukonjesha umwuka bishobora gutuma habaho kuzimya burundu cyangwa igice, bityo ntibishobora gukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
III. Kuzimya
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Shyushya ibice by'icyuma biri hejuru y'ubushyuhe bwa Ac3 cyangwa Ac1, ubishyire mu mwanya runaka, hanyuma ukonje vuba mu mazi, nitrate, peteroli cyangwa umwuka.
Intego:
Kuzimya muri rusange ni ukugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gushushanya martensitike bufite ubukana bwinshi, rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuzimya ibyuma bifite aloyi nyinshi (nk'icyuma kidashonga, icyuma kidashira), ni ukugira uburyo bumwe bwo kuzimya ibyuma, kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kuzimya ibyuma no kurwanya ingese.
Ingingo zo Gushyira mu Bikorwa:
Muri rusange ikoreshwa mu byuma bya karuboni n'ibyuma bya alloy bifite ingano ya karuboni irenga zeru amanota atatu ku ijana;
Kuzimya bishobora gutuma icyuma gikomeza gukomera no kudashira, ariko icyarimwe bizatera imihangayiko myinshi imbere mu byuma, bigabanye ubukana bwacyo n'ubukomere bwacyo, bityo ni ngombwa ko gikonjeshwa kugira ngo kirusheho kugira imiterere myiza ya mekanike muri rusange.
IV. Gupima
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Ibice by'icyuma byazimye byongeye gushyushya kugeza ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya Ac1, nyuma yo gushyushya, mu kirere cyangwa mu mavuta, mu mazi ashyushye, no gukonjesha amazi.
Intego:
Kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho stress imbere nyuma yo kuzimya, kugabanya imihindagurikire y'ikintu gikorerwamo no kwangirika;
Guhindura ubukana, kunoza imiterere y'ubukonje n'ubukomere, no kubona imiterere ya mekanike ikenewe mu kazi;
Gutuza ingano y'igikoresho.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. Gukomeza gukomera no kudashira kw'icyuma nyuma yo kuzimya hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe buri hasi; kugira ngo bikomeze gukomera mu gihe cyo kunoza ubushyuhe no gutanga umusaruro w'icyuma hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe buri hagati; kugira ngo bikomeze gukomera no guhindagurika ni byo by'ingenzi, ariko kandi bigire imbaraga zihagije hamwe no gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hejuru;
2. Ibyuma bisanzwe gerageza kwirinda ubushyuhe bwa dogere 230 ~ 280, ibyuma bitarangwamo ifumbire mvaruganda bishyushye hagati ya dogere 400 ~ 450, kuko kuri iyi nshuro bizatera ifumbire mvaruganda.
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V. Gupima
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi nyuma yo kuzimya byitwa gushyushya ibice by'icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 10 na 20 ugereranyije n'ubwo kuzimya, ukabifata kugira ngo uzimye, hanyuma ukabyishyuza ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 400 kugeza 720.
Intego:
Kunoza imikorere yo gukata no kurangiza ubuso bw'imashini;
Kugabanya imiterere n'imivuniko mu gihe cyo kuzimya;
Shaka imiterere myiza ya mekanike.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. Ku byuma by'ibyuma by'inyubako, ibyuma by'ibikoresho by'inyongera n'ibyuma byihuta cyane kandi bikomera cyane;
2. Ntabwo ishobora gukoreshwa gusa nk'uburyo butandukanye bw'ingenzi bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa nyuma, ahubwo ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'ibice bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, nk'ibisumizi n'ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya mbere yo gushyushya kugira ngo igabanye impinduka.
VI. Gusaza
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Shyushya ibice by'icyuma kugeza kuri dogere 80 ~ 200, ubirekere amasaha 5 ~ 20 cyangwa arenga, hanyuma ubikure mu itanura kugira ngo bikonje mu kirere.
Intego:
Gutuza imiterere y'ibice by'icyuma nyuma yo kuzimya, kugabanya ubwihindurize mu gihe cyo kubibika cyangwa kubikoresha;
Kugabanya imihangayiko y'imbere nyuma yo kuzimya ndetse no gusya, no gutuma imiterere n'ingano bikomera.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. ikoreshwa ku byuma bitandukanye nyuma yo kuzimya;
2. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bisabwa kugira ngo ishusho y'igikoresho gito ntikigihinduka, nk'ibinini bito, ibikoresho byo gupimisha, na chassis yo ku gitanda.
VII. Kuvura ibicurane
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Izashyirwa mu cyuma gikonjeshwa, mu bushyuhe buri hasi (nk'urubura rwumye, azote y'amazi) mu bukonje kugeza kuri dogere -60 ~ -80 cyangwa munsi yayo, ubushyuhe burangana kandi buhamye nyuma yo gukuraho ubushyuhe bumwe mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
Intego:
1. kugira ngo ibice byose by'icyuma byasigaye cyangwa byinshi mu bice by'icyuma byazimye bihindurwe martensite, bityo byongera ubukana, imbaraga, ubushobozi bwo kudashira no kunanirwa kw'ibice by'icyuma;
2. Gutuza imiterere y'icyuma kugira ngo imiterere n'ingano by'ibice by'icyuma bihamye.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. kuzimya icyuma bigomba gukorwa ako kanya nyuma yo kuvurwa ubukonje, hanyuma bigakorwa ku bushyuhe buke, kugira ngo hakurweho ubukonje buke bw'imbere mu bushyuhe buke;
2. Gutunganya ubukonje bikoreshwa cyane cyane ku byuma bikozwe mu bikoresho bito, ibipimo n'ibice bito.
VIII. Kuzimya ubushyuhe bw'urumuri
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Hamwe n'umuriro utwika uruvange rwa ogisijeni na acetylene, uterwa hejuru y'ibice by'icyuma, ushyuha vuba, iyo ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bugeze aho amazi akonje.
Intego: kunoza ubukana bw'ubuso, kurwanya kwangirika no gukomera kw'ibice by'icyuma, umutima ukomeza gukomera nk'uko bisanzwe.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane ku bice by'icyuma gikoresha karuboni iciriritse, ubujyakuzimu rusange bw'urwego rwo kuzimya buzabe hagati ya mm 2 na 6;
2. Ku bijyanye no gukora ibikoresho binini by'imashini imwe cyangwa ntoya no gukenera kuzimya ibikoresho by'imashini.
Icyenda. Gukomera kw'ubuso bushyushya induction
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Shyira igice cy'icyuma muri inductor, kugira ngo ubuso bw'igice cy'icyuma butange umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, mu gihe gito cyane gishyushye kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo kuzimya, hanyuma utere amazi akonje.
Intego: Kunoza ubukana bw'ubuso, kurwanya kwangirika no gukomera kw'ibice by'icyuma, umutima kugira ngo ukomeze gukomera.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bipima karuboni n'ibyuma bipima karuboni;
2. Bitewe n'ingaruka z'uruhu, urwego rwo kuzimya rukoresha imbaraga nyinshi muri rusange ni 1 ~ 2mm, kuzimya hagati muri rusange ni 3 ~ 5mm, kuzimya inshuro nyinshi muri rusange ni 10mm.
X. Gukoresha kaburimbo
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Ibice by'icyuma bishyirwa mu buryo bwo gushyushya, bishyushye kugeza kuri dogere 900 ~ 950 kandi bigahora bishyushye, kugira ngo ubuso bw'icyuma bubone ubunini n'ubujyakuzimu runaka bw'urwego rwo gushyushya.
Intego:
Kongera ubukana bw'ubuso, kurwanya kwangirika no gukomera kw'ibice by'icyuma, umutima ugakomeza gukomera nk'uko bisanzwe.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. Ku bijyanye n'ingano ya karuboni iri hagati ya 0.15% na 0.25% by'icyuma cyoroshye n'ibice by'icyuma gito, ubujyakuzimu rusange bw'urwego rwa kaburizing ni 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Gushyiramo kaburimbo bigomba kuzimwa nyuma yo gushyiramo kaburimbo, kugira ngo ubuso bube bwa martensite, kugira ngo intego yo gushyiramo kaburimbo igerweho.
XI. Gutera nitriding
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Gukoresha amoniya kuri dogere 500 ~ 600 iyo atome za azote ziboze, ku buryo ubuso bw'icyuma buzura azote, bigatuma habaho urwego rwa nitride.
Intego:
Kunoza ubukomere, kudashira, gukomera kw'umunaniro no kudashira kw'ubuso bw'icyuma.
Ingingo zo Gushyira mu Bikorwa:
Ikoreshwa mu gukora aluminiyumu, chromium, molybdenum n'ibindi bintu bivangavanze mu byuma by'ubwubatsi bya karuboni, ndetse no mu byuma bya karuboni n'ibyuma bishongeshejwe, uburebure rusange bwa nitriding urwego rwa 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Kwinjira kwa azote na karubone hamwe
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Gushyiramo karuboni no gushyiramo nitride ku buso bw'icyuma icyarimwe.
Intego:
Kugira ngo hongerwe ubukomere, kudashira, imbaraga z'umunaniro no kudashira kw'ubuso bw'icyuma.
Ingingo zo gushyira mu bikorwa:
1. Ikoreshwa mu byuma bifite karuboni nkeya, ibyuma bifite imiterere mikeya n'ibyuma bifite ibikoresho, uburebure rusange bw'urwego rwa nitriding 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Nyuma yo gukaraba, kuzimya no gushyushya ubushyuhe buri hasi.
Byahinduwe na DeepL.com (versiyo y'ubuntu)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-08-2024
