I. Ukufakwa kwe-Annealing
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ngemva kokushisa ingxenye yensimbi ibe yizinga lokushisa elingu-Ac3+30~50 degrees noma i-Ac1+30~50 degrees noma ngaphansi kwe-Ac1 (ungabheka ulwazi olufanele), ngokuvamile ipholiswa kancane kancane ngokushisa kwesithando somlilo.
Inhloso:
Nciphisa ubulukhuni, wandise i-plasticity, uthuthukise ukusebenza kokusika kanye nokusebenza komshini wokucindezela;
Hlanza okusanhlamvu, uthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini, futhi ulungiselele inqubo elandelayo;
Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukusebenza okubandayo nokushisa.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Kusebenza ku-alloy structural steel, carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel, high speed steel forgings, weldments kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinesimo sokuphakelwa esingafaneleki;
2. Ngokuvamile ivalwa esimweni esinzima.
II. Ukulungisa
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ingcezu yensimbi ishiswa ku-Ac3 noma ku-Acm ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-30 ~ 50, ngemva kokushisa okuphansi kuze kube sezingeni eliphakeme kancane kunezinga lokupholisa lokupholisa i-annealing.
Inhloso:
Nciphisa ubulukhuni, thuthukisa i-plasticity, thuthukisa ukusika kanye nokusebenza komshini wokucindezela;
Ukulungiswa kokusanhlamvu, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini, ukuze inqubo elandelayo ilungiselelwe;
Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukusebenza okubandayo nokushisa.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
Ukulungisa ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa njengezingxenye zokwakha, ukushisela kanye nokufaka i-carburizing zenqubo yokwelapha ngaphambi kokushisa. Ukuze kusetshenziswe izidingo zokusebenza kwensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni yekhabhoni ephansi nephakathi nendawo kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ye-alloy ephansi, kungasetshenziswa futhi njengokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa. Ngensimbi ye-alloy ejwayelekile ephakathi nephezulu, ukupholisa umoya kungaholela ekucimeni okuphelele noma okuyingxenye, ngakho-ke akukwazi ukusetshenziswa njengenqubo yokugcina yokwelapha ukushisa.
III. Ukucima
Indlela yokusebenza:
Shisa izingxenye zensimbi ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwesigaba i-Ac3 noma i-Ac1, zibambe isikhathi esithile, bese ziphola ngokushesha emanzini, i-nitrate, uwoyela noma emoyeni.
Inhloso:
Ukucima ngokuvamile ukuthola inhlangano ye-martensitic enobulukhuni obuphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi ukucima insimbi ene-alloy ephezulu (njengensimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagugi), ukuthola inhlangano eyodwa ye-austenitic efanayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka nokumelana nokugqwala.
Amaphuzu Okusebenza:
Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa izinsimbi ze-carbon ne-alloy ezinokuqukethwe kwe-carbon okungaphezu kwe-zero point 3%;
Ukucima kunganikeza amandla kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi ukusebenza ngokugcwele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzobangela ukucindezeleka okuningi kwangaphakathi, kunciphisa ukuqina kwensimbi kanye nokuqina komthelela, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukuze uthole izakhiwo ezingcono zemishini.
IV. Ukulinganisela
Indlela yokusebenza:
Izingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe ziphinde zifudumale zifinyelele ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-Ac1, ngemva kokufakwa kokushisa, emoyeni noma ku-oyili, emanzini ashisayo, nasekupholiseni kwamanzi.
Inhloso:
Nciphisa noma ususe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngemva kokucima, nciphisa ukuguquguquka kwento yokusebenza kanye nokuqhekeka;
Ukulungisa ubulukhuni, ukuthuthukisa i-plasticity kanye nokuqina, nokuthola izakhiwo zemishini ezidingekayo emsebenzini;
Qinisa usayizi womsebenzi.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Gcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwensimbi ngemva kokucima ngokushisa okuphansi; ukuze kugcinwe izinga elithile lokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthuthukisa ukunwebeka kanye namandla okukhiqiza kwensimbi ngokushisa okuphakathi; ukuze kugcinwe izinga eliphezulu lokuqina komthelela kanye nokuqina kwepulasitiki kuyinto eyinhloko, kodwa futhi kube namandla anele ngokushisa okuphezulu;
2. Insimbi evamile zama ukugwema ama-degree angu-230 ~ 280, insimbi engagqwali ifudumale phakathi kwama-degree angu-400 ~ 450, ngoba kulokhu kuzodala ukushaqeka okunamandla.
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V. Ukulinganisela
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukushisa okuphezulu ngemva kokucima kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa, okungukuthi, ukushisa izingxenye zensimbi kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-degree ayi-10 kuya kwangu-20 kunelokucima, ukuyibamba ukuze icishe, bese uyifudumeza ezingeni lokushisa elingama-degree angu-400 kuya kwangu-720.
Inhloso:
Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika kanye nokuqeda ubuso bomshini;
Nciphisa ukuguquguquka nokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokucima;
Thola izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini eziphelele.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Ngensimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy, insimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy kanye nensimbi yesivinini esikhulu enokuqina okuphezulu;
2. Akugcini nje ngokusetshenziswa njengesakhiwo esibaluleke kakhulu sokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa, kodwa futhi kungasetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezithile eziqinile, njengezikulufo nokunye ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka.
VI. Ukuguga
Indlela yokusebenza:
Shisa izingxenye zensimbi ku-80~200 degrees, zibambe amahora angu-5~20 noma ngaphezulu, bese uzikhipha nesithando ukuze ziphole emoyeni.
Inhloso:
Qinisa ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ngemva kokucima, nciphisa ukuguquguquka ngesikhathi sokugcina noma sokusetshenziswa;
Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngemva kokucima kanye nemisebenzi yokugaya, kanye nokuqinisa ukuma nobukhulu.
Amaphuzu okusebenza:
1. kusebenza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zensimbi ngemva kokucima;
2. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngesimo se-compact workpiece, njengoba isetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile, ayishintshi, njengezikulufo ezincane, amathuluzi okulinganisa, noma i-chassis yombhede.
VII. Ukwelashwa komkhuhlane
Indlela yokusebenza:
Kuzocinywa insimbi, endaweni yokushisa ephansi (njengeqhwa elomile, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi) ekupholiseni kufike ku--60 ~ -80 degrees noma ngaphansi, izinga lokushisa liyafana futhi liyafana ngemva kokususa izinga lokushisa elifanayo liye ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Inhloso:
1. ukuze yonke noma iningi le-austenite esele ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezicishiwe iguqulwe ibe yi-martensite, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ubulukhuni, amandla, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nomkhawulo wokukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi;
2. Ukuqinisa ukuhlelwa kwensimbi ukuze kuqiniswe ukuma nobukhulu bezingxenye zensimbi.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Ukucima insimbi kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa okubandayo, bese kuba ukushisa okuphansi, ukuze kuqedwe ukupholisa okuphansi kokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi;
2. Ukwelashwa okubandayo kusebenza kakhulu ensimbini ye-alloy eyenziwe ngamathuluzi amancane, ama-gauge kanye nezingxenye ezincane.
VIII. Ukucima indawo yokushisa ilangabi
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ingxube yegesi ye-oxygen-acetylene evuthayo ilangabi, ifuthwa ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi, ifudumala ngokushesha, lapho izinga lokushisa lokucima lifinyelelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokupholisa kwamanzi.
Inhloso: ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye namandla okukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi, inhliziyo isagcina ukuqina kwesimo.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zensimbi zekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo, ukujula okujwayelekile kwengqimba yokucima kungu-2 kuya ku-6mm;
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zokusebenza ezinkulu ngengxenye eyodwa noma encane kanye nesidingo sokucima kwendawo ingxenye yokusebenza.
Isishiyagalolunye. Ukuqina kobuso bokushisa kwe-induction
Indlela yokusebenza:
Faka ucezu lwensimbi ku-inductor, ukuze ubuso bengxenye yensimbi bukhiqize ugesi wokungenisa, esikhathini esifushane kakhulu kufudunyezwe kufike ekushiseni kokucima, bese ufafaza ngamanzi okupholisa.
Inhloso: Ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye namandla okukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi, inhliziyo ukugcina ukuqina kwesimo.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zensimbi zekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo kanye ne-hall alloy ephakathi nendawo;
2. Ngenxa yomphumela wesikhumba, ungqimba lokucima ukuqina kokufakwa kwe-induction frequency high ngokuvamile luyi-1 ~ 2mm, ukucima imvamisa ephakathi ngokuvamile kungama-3 ~ 5mm, ukucima imvamisa ephezulu ngokuvamile kungaphezu kwe-10mm.
X. Ukufaka i-Carburizing
Indlela yokusebenza:
Izingxenye zensimbi zifakwa endaweni yokushisa i-carburizing, zifudumale zibe ama-degrees angu-900 ~ 950 futhi zigcinwe zifudumele, ukuze ubuso bensimbi buthole ukuhlushwa okuthile kanye nokujula kwengqimba yokushisa i-carburizing.
Inhloso:
Thuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye namandla okukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi, inhliziyo isagcina ukuqina kwesimo.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-0.15% kuya ku-0.25% kwezingxenye zensimbi ezithambile kanye nezinsimbi eziphansi ze-alloy, ukujula okujwayelekile kwengqimba ye-carburizing kungu-0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. I-carburizing kumele icinywe ngemva kwe-carburizing, ukuze indawo ibe yi-martensite, ukuze kufezwe injongo ye-carburizing.
XI. Ukukhipha i-Nitriding
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia kuma-degree angu-500 ~ 600 lapho ama-athomu e-nitrogen asebenzayo ewohloka, ukuze ubuso bensimbi bugcwale i-nitrogen, okwakhiwa ungqimba olune-nitride.
Inhloso:
Thuthukisa ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, amandla okukhathala kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yensimbi.
Amaphuzu Okusebenza:
Isetshenziselwa i-aluminium, i-chromium, i-molybdenum nezinye izinto zokuhlanganisa izinsimbi zensimbi ezakhiwe nge-carbon alloy, kanye ne-carbon steel kanye ne-cast iron, ukujula kwengqimba ye-nitriding ejwayelekile okungu-0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Ukungena kwe-nitrogen kanye ne-carbon ndawonye
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukufaka i-carbonization kanye ne-nitriding ebusweni bensimbi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Inhloso:
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, amandla okukhathala kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yensimbi.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetshenziselwa insimbi ephansi yekhabhoni, insimbi yesakhiwo ephansi ye-alloy kanye nezingxenye zensimbi yamathuluzi, ukujula kwengqimba ye-nitriding ejwayelekile engu-0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Ngemva kokukhipha i-nitriding, ukucima kanye nokushisa okuphansi.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-08-2024
