I. Kev Ua Kub
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Tom qab ua kom cov hlau kub txog Ac3+30~50 degrees lossis Ac1+30~50 degrees lossis qis dua Ac1 (koj tuaj yeem saib cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam), feem ntau nws txias qeeb qeeb nrog qhov kub ntawm lub cub tawg.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Txo qhov nyuaj, ua kom plasticity nce ntxiv, txhim kho kev txiav thiab kev ua haujlwm siab;
Ua kom cov noob zoo, txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab npaj rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej;
Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Siv tau rau cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke, cov hlau siv carbon, cov hlau siv hlau sib xyaw, cov hlau ua haujlwm ceev ceev, cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw nrog cov xwm txheej tsis tsim nyog;
2. Feem ntau annealed nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntxhib.
II. Kev Ua Kom Zoo Li Qub
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Cov hlau raug cua sov rau Ac3 lossis Acm siab tshaj 30 ~ 50 degrees, tom qab rwb thaiv tsev kom siab dua qhov txias ntawm annealing txias me ntsis.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Txo qhov nyuaj, txhim kho plasticity, txhim kho kev txiav thiab kev ua haujlwm siab;
Kev txhim kho cov noob, txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab, rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej los npaj;
Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
Feem ntau, kev ua kom zoo li qub yog siv los ua cov khoom siv forging, vuam thiab carburizing ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ua ntej. Rau cov kev xav tau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau carbon carbon carbon qis thiab nruab nrab thiab cov hlau alloy qis, kuj tseem siv tau ua kev kho cua sov kawg. Rau cov hlau alloy nruab nrab thiab siab, cua txias tuaj yeem ua rau quenching tag nrho lossis ib nrab, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tuaj yeem siv ua cov txheej txheem kho cua sov kawg.
III. Kev tua hluav taws
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Ua kom cov hlau kub tshaj qhov kub hloov pauv Ac3 lossis Ac1, tuav ib ntus, thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai hauv dej, nitrate, roj lossis huab cua.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Feem ntau, kev quenching yog kom tau txais lub koom haum martensitic siab hardness, qee zaum rau qee cov hlau alloy siab (xws li hlau tsis xeb, hlau tsis hnav-resistant) quenching, nws yog kom tau txais ib lub koom haum austenitic sib xws, txhawm rau txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Thov:
Feem ntau siv rau cov hlau carbon thiab cov hlau alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua xoom peb feem pua;
Kev quenching tuaj yeem muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau, tab sis tib lub sijhawm yuav ua rau muaj ntau qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, txo qhov plasticity thiab cuam tshuam toughness ntawm cov hlau, yog li nws yog qhov tsim nyog los temper kom tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo dua.
IV. Kev ua kom sov
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Cov hlau uas tau quenched rov ua kom sov dua rau qhov kub qis dua Ac1, tom qab rwb thaiv tsev, hauv huab cua lossis roj, dej kub, thiab dej txias.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Txo lossis tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tom qab quenching, txo qhov deformation ntawm workpiece thiab tawg;
Txhawm rau kho qhov nyuaj, txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness, thiab tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab uas xav tau rau txoj haujlwm;
Kho qhov loj ntawm qhov workpiece kom ruaj khov.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Tswj cov hlau kom muaj zog thiab hnav tsis kam tom qab quenching nrog qhov kub tsawg; txhawm rau kom tswj tau qee qib ntawm kev tawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txhim kho elasticity thiab cov zis muaj zog ntawm hlau nrog qhov kub nruab nrab; txhawm rau kom tswj tau qib siab ntawm kev cuam tshuam toughness thiab plasticity yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj muaj zog txaus nrog qhov kub siab tempering;
2. Cov hlau feem ntau sim tsis txhob siv 230 ~ 280 degrees, cov hlau tsis xeb yuav tsum tau tempering ntawm 400 ~ 450 degrees, vim tias lub sijhawm no yuav ua rau muaj kev tawg ntawm cov hlau.
Txhais lus nrog DeepL.com (dawb version)
V. Kev ua kom sov
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Kev kub siab tom qab quenching hu ua tempering, uas yog, cua sov cov hlau rau qhov kub ntawm 10 txog 20 degrees siab dua li ntawm quenching, tuav nws rau quenching, thiab tom qab ntawd tempering nws ntawm qhov kub ntawm 400 txog 720 degrees.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txiav thiab kev ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw;
Txo qhov deformation thiab tawg thaum lub sijhawm quenching;
Tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Rau cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke, cov hlau siv ua ke thiab cov hlau ceev ceev uas muaj zog heev;
2. tsis yog tsuas yog siv tau ua ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov kawg xwb, tab sis kuj siv tau ua qee qhov nruj, xws li cov ntsia hlau thiab lwm yam kev kho cua sov ua ntej kom txo qhov deformation.
VI. Kev laus
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Ua kom cov hlau kub txog 80 ~ 200 degrees, tuav rau 5 ~ 20 teev lossis ntev dua, thiab tom qab ntawd coj tawm nrog lub cub tawg kom txias hauv huab cua.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Ua kom lub koom haum ntawm cov khoom hlau ruaj khov tom qab quenching, txo qhov deformation thaum khaws cia lossis siv;
Txhawm rau txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tom qab quenching nrog rau kev sib tsoo ua haujlwm, thiab kom ruaj khov cov duab thiab qhov loj me.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv thov:
1. siv tau rau ntau yam hlau qib tom qab quenching;
2. Feem ntau siv rau hauv qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov duab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm compact tsis hloov pauv lawm, xws li cov ntsia hlau compact, cov cuab yeej ntsuas, lub txaj chassis.
VII. Kev kho mob txias
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Yuav raug quenched hlau, nyob rau hauv qhov kub tsawg nruab nrab (xws li dej khov qhuav, kua nitrogen) nyob rau hauv lub txias rau -60 ~ -80 degrees lossis qis dua, qhov kub yog sib xws thiab sib xws tom qab tshem tawm qhov kub sib xws rau chav tsev kub.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
1. yog li ntawd tag nrho lossis feem ntau ntawm cov austenite seem hauv cov hlau uas tau quenched raug hloov mus rau martensite, yog li ua rau qhov nyuaj, lub zog, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm cov hlau;
2. Ua kom lub koom haum ntawm cov hlau ruaj khov kom cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom hlau ruaj khov.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Cov hlau quenching yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd tom qab kev kho mob txias, thiab tom qab ntawd qis-kub tempering, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov txias qis-kub ntawm kev ntxhov siab sab hauv;
2. Kev kho mob txias feem ntau siv rau cov hlau sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej me me, cov ntsuas thiab cov khoom me me.
VIII. Hluav taws kub nto quenching
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Nrog cov pa oxygen-acetylene roj sib tov ua rau nplaim taws kub hnyiab, txau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau, ua kom sov sai, thaum qhov kub quenching mus txog tam sim ntawd tom qab txau dej txias.
Lub Hom Phiaj: txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm cov hlau, lub siab tseem tswj tau qhov tawv ntawm lub xeev.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Feem ntau siv rau cov hlau nruab nrab-carbon, qhov tob dav dav ntawm cov txheej quenching ntawm 2 txog 6 hli;
2. Rau ib daim lossis me me ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm loj thiab qhov xav tau kev tua hluav taws hauv zos.
Cuaj. Induction cua sov nto hardening
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Muab cov hlau rau hauv lub inductor, yog li ntawd qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlau los tsim cov induction tam sim no, nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm lub sijhawm sov rau qhov kub quenching, thiab tom qab ntawd tsuag dej txias.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm cov hlau, lub plawv kom tswj tau qhov tawv ntawm lub xeev.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Feem ntau siv rau cov hlau carbon nruab nrab thiab cov hlau alloy nruab nrab;
2. Vim yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov siab zaus induction hardening quenching txheej feem ntau yog 1 ~ 2 hli, qhov nruab nrab zaus quenching feem ntau yog 3 ~ 5 hli, qhov siab zaus quenching feem ntau ntau dua 10 hli.
X. Carburizing
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Cov khoom hlau rau hauv cov khoom siv carburizing, cua sov rau 900 ~ 950 degrees thiab khaws cia sov, yog li ntawd cov hlau nto kom tau txais qee qhov concentration thiab tob ntawm cov txheej carburizing.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Txhim kho qhov tawv ntawm qhov chaw, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm cov hlau, lub siab tseem tswj tau qhov tawv ntawm lub xeev.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Rau cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.15% txog 0.25% ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, qhov tob dav dav ntawm cov txheej carburizing ntawm 0.5 ~ 2.5 hli;
2. Carburizing yuav tsum tau quenched tom qab carburizing, yog li ntawd qhov chaw yog martensite, txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm carburizing.
XI. Kev ua kom nitriding
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Siv ammonia ntawm 500 ~ 600 degrees thaum lub decomposition ntawm cov active nitrogen atoms, yog li ntawd qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau yog saturated nrog nitrogen, tsim cov txheej nitrided.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Txhim kho qhov nyuaj, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau nto.
Cov Ntsiab Lus Thov:
Siv rau txhuas, chromium, molybdenum thiab lwm yam khoom sib xyaw hauv cov hlau carbon alloy, nrog rau cov hlau carbon thiab cam khwb cia hlau, dav dav nitriding txheej tob ntawm 0.025 ~ 0.8 hli.
XII. Nitrogen thiab carbon co-infiltration
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Carbonizing thiab nitriding rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm hlau tib lub sijhawm.
Lub Hom Phiaj:
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov nyuaj, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau nto.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Siv rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj carbon, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau thiab cov cuab yeej hlau, cov txheej txheem nitriding dav dav 0.02 ~ 3 hli;
2. Tom qab nitriding, quenching thiab tsawg kub tempering.
Txhais lus nrog DeepL.com (dawb version)
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-08-2024
