I. Te whakamahana
Tikanga whakahaere:
I muri i te whakamahana i te wahi maitai ki te pāmahana Ac3+30~50 nekehanga, Ac1+30~50 nekehanga rānei, ki raro iho rānei i te Ac1 (ka taea e koe te tirotiro i ngā mōhiohio e tika ana), ka āta whakamataohia i te nuinga o te wā me te pāmahana o te oumu.
Kaupapa:
Whakaitihia te pakeke, whakanuia te kirihou, whakapai ake i te mahi tapahi me te miihini pehanga;
Whakamahi i te witi, whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini, me te whakarite mō te tukanga e whai ake nei;
Whakakorea ngā ahotea o roto e puta mai ana i te mahi makariri me te mahi wera.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. E pā ana ki te maitai hanganga koranu, te maitai taputapu waro, te maitai taputapu koranu, te whakarewa maitai tere-teitei, te whakarewa me ngā rauemi mata me te mana tuku kore tohu;
2. I te nuinga o te wā ka whakawerahia i roto i te āhua taratara.
II. Te Whakaōrite
Tikanga whakahaere:
Ka whakamahanahia te wahi maitai ki te Ac3, ki te Acm rānei i runga ake i te 30 ~ 50 nekehanga, ā, i muri i te whakamahanatanga ka paku nui ake i te tere whakamatao o te whakamatao whakamatao.
Kaupapa:
Whakaitihia te pakeke, whakapai ake i te kirihou, whakapai ake i te mahi tapahi me te miihini pehanga;
Te whakamahine i te witi, te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini, hei whakarite i te tukanga e whai ake nei;
Whakakorea ngā ahotea o roto e puta mai ana i te mahi makariri me te mahi wera.
Ngā tohu tono:
Ko te whakaōrite te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei wāhanga hanga, whakarewa me te whakakākahu i te waro i roto i te tukanga whakamahana-mua. Mō ngā whakaritenga mahi o te maitai hanganga waro waro iti me te waro waenga me ngā wāhanga maitai koranu iti, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei maimoatanga wera whakamutunga. Mō te maitai koranu waenga me te waro teitei whānui, ka taea e te whakamatao hau te arahi ki te tinei katoa, ki te tinei wāhanga rānei, nō reira kāore e taea te whakamahi hei tukanga maimoatanga wera whakamutunga.
III. Te tinei
Tikanga whakahaere:
Whakamahanahia ngā wāhanga maitai ki runga ake i te pāmahana huringa āhua Ac3, Ac1 rānei, puritia mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka whakamatao wawe ki te wai, ki te hauota, ki te hinu, ki te hau rānei.
Kaupapa:
Ko te tineitanga he tikanga kia whiwhi i te whakaritenga martensitic pakeke teitei, i ētahi wā mō ētahi maitai koranu teitei (pērā i te maitai kore waikura, te maitai ātete-kakahu), kia whiwhi ai i te whakaritenga austenitic kotahi te ōrite, kia pai ake ai te ātete kakahu me te ātete waikura.
Ngā Tohu Tono:
Ko te tikanga he mea whakamahi mō ngā maitai waro me ngā maitai koranu he nui ake te ihirangi waro i te kore me te toru ōrau;
Mā te tinei ka taea te whakamahi i te kaha me te ātete kakahu o te maitai, engari i te wa ano ka nui ngā ahotea o roto ka puta, ka whakaiti i te kirihou me te pakari o te pānga o te maitai, nō reira me whakangawari kia pai ake ai ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha whānui.
IV. Te whakamahana
Tikanga whakahaere:
Ko ngā wāhanga maitai kua tineia ka whakamahanahia anō ki te pāmahana i raro iho i te Ac1, ā, i muri i te whakamahana, ka whakamataohia ki te hau, ki te hinu rānei, ki te wai wera, ki te wai rānei.
Kaupapa:
Whakaitihia, whakakorea rānei te ahotea ā-roto i muri i te tinei, whakaitihia te whakarerekētanga o te mahi me te pakaru;
Hei whakatikatika i te pakeke, hei whakapai ake i te kirihou me te pakari, me te whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga miihini e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi;
Whakapūmautia te rahi o te mea mahi.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. Kia mau tonu te pakeke me te ātete kakahu o te maitai i muri i te tinei me te whakamahana pāmahana-iti; kia mau tonu ai te pakari i raro i ngā tikanga o te whakapai ake i te ngāwari me te kaha tuku o te maitai me te whakamahana pāmahana-waenga; kia mau tonu ai te pakari me te kirihou o te pānga, engari kia nui hoki te kaha me te whakamahana pāmahana-tiketike;
2. Me karo te pāmahana whakamahana o te maitai whānui i waenga i te 230 ~ 280 nekehanga, me te whakamahana i te maitai kore waikura i waenga i te 400 ~ 450 nekehanga, nā te mea ka pakarukaru te whakamahana i tēnei wā.
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V. Te Whakamahana
Tikanga whakahaere:
Ko te whakamahana i te pāmahana tiketike i muri i te tineitanga ka kiia ko te whakamahana, arā, ko te whakamahana i ngā wāhanga maitai ki te pāmahana 10 ki te 20 nekehanga teitei ake i tērā o te tineitanga, ka pupuri kia tineitia, kātahi ka whakamahanatia ki te pāmahana 400 ki te 720 nekehanga.
Kaupapa:
Whakapai ake i te mahi tapahi me te whakaotinga mata miihini;
Whakaitihia te rerekētanga me te ngatata i te wā e tinei ana;
Whiwhi i ngā āhuatanga miihini whānui pai.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. Mō te maitai hanganga koranu, te maitai taputapu koranu me te maitai tere-teitei me te kaha whakapakeke teitei;
2. e kore e taea te whakamahi noa hei momo hanganga nui ake o te maimoatanga wera whakamutunga, engari ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei wāhanga piripono, pērā i ngā tīwiri me ētahi atu maimoatanga wera-mua hei whakaiti i te rerekētanga.
VI. Te koroheketanga
Tikanga whakahaere:
Whakamahanahia ngā wāhanga maitai ki te 80~200 nekehanga, pupuri mō te 5~20 hāora, neke atu rānei, kātahi ka tangohia i roto i te oumu kia whakamatao ki te hau.
Kaupapa:
Whakapūmau i te whakaritenga o ngā wāhanga maitai i muri i te tinei, whakaitihia te rerekētanga i te wā e rongoa ana, e whakamahia ana rānei;
Hei whakaiti i ngā ahotea o roto i muri i te tinei me te huri, ā, hei whakau i te āhua me te rahi.
Ngā Kaupapa Whakamahinga:
1. e tika ana mō ngā momo kounga maitai i muri i te tinei;
2. E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whakaritenga o te āhua o te mea mahi kiato, kāore e rerekē ana, pērā i te tīwiri kiato, ngā taputapu ine, te anga moenga.
VII. Te rongoā makariri
Tikanga whakahaere:
Ka tineia te maitai, ka whakamatao ki te -60 ~ -80 nekehanga, ki raro iho rānei i te pāmahana iti (pērā i te huka maroke, te hauota wai), kia rite te pāmahana, kia ōrite hoki i muri i te tango atu i te pāmahana ōrite ki te pāmahana rūma.
Kaupapa:
1. kia huri katoa, kia nuinga rānei o te austenite toenga i roto i ngā wāhanga maitai kua tineia hei martensite, ā, mā reira ka whakanui ake i te pakeke, te kaha, te ātete kakahu me te rohe ngenge o ngā wāhanga maitai;
2. Whakapūmautia te whakaritenga o te maitai kia pumau ai te āhua me te rahi o ngā wāhanga maitai.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. Me tinei te maitai i muri tonu i te maimoatanga makariri, kātahi ka whakamātao i te pāmahana iti, kia kore ai e puta te ahotea o roto i te whakamatao pāmahana iti;
2. Ko te maimoatanga makariri e pā ana ki te maitai koranu i hangaia mai i ngā taputapu kiato, ngā ine me ngā wāhanga kiato.
VIII. Te whakamahana mura o te mata tinei
Tikanga whakahaere:
Mā te ranunga hāora – acetylene e mura ai te mura, ka rehuhia ki runga i te mata o ngā wāhanga maitai, ka tere te whakamahana, ka tae ki te pāmahana tinei i muri tonu i te whakamatao o te wai.
Kaupapa: hei whakapai ake i te pakeke o te mata, te ātete ki te kakahu me te kaha o te ngenge o ngā wāhanga maitai, kia mau tonu ai te pakari o te ngākau.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga maitai waro-waenga, ko te hohonutanga whānui o te paparanga tinei he 2 ki te 6mm;
2. Mō te hanga kotahi-wahi, puranga iti rānei o ngā wahi mahi nunui, me te hiahia kia tineihia te wahi mahi i te rohe.
Iwa. Te whakapakeketanga o te mata whakamahana arataki
Tikanga whakahaere:
Tāpirihia te wahi maitai ki roto i te inductor, kia puta ai te iahiko whakaawe i te mata o te wahi maitai, kia wera ai ki te pāmahana tinei i roto i te wā poto rawa, kātahi ka rehuhia ki te wai whakamatao.
Kaupapa: Hei whakapai ake i te pakeke o te mata, te ātete ki te kakahu me te kaha o te ngenge o ngā wāhanga maitai, me te pupuri i te pakari o te ngākau.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. Te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhanga maitai waro waenga me ngā wāhanga maitai hanganga koranu whare waenga;
2. Nā te pānga o te kiri, ko te paparanga tinei whakamaroke auau-teitei he 1 ~ 2mm te whānui, ko te tinei auau-waenga he 3 ~ 5mm te whānui, ā, ko te tinei auau-teitei he nui ake i te 10mm.
X. Te Whakapūkara
Tikanga whakahaere:
Ka tāpirihia ngā wāhanga maitai ki roto i te reo whakapūkara, ka whakamahanahia ki te 900 ~ 950 nekehanga, ka noho mahana, kia whiwhi ai te mata maitai i tētahi kukū me te hohonu o te paparanga whakapūkara.
Kaupapa:
Whakapai ake i te pakeke o te mata, te ātete ki te kakahu me te kaha ngenge o ngā wāhanga maitai, kia mau tonu ai te pakari o te ngākau.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. Mō te ihirangi waro o te 0.15% ki te 0.25% o te maitai ngawari me ngā wāhanga maitai koranu iti, ko te hohonutanga whānui o te paparanga waro o te 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Me tineia te whakakākahu i muri i te whakakākahu, kia martensite ai te mata, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te whakakākahu.
XI. Te Whakaiti i te Nitriding
Tikanga whakahaere:
Ko te whakamahinga o te haukini i te 500 ~ 600 nekehanga ka pirau ngā ngota hauota hohe, kia kapi te mata o te maitai i te hauota, ka hangaia he paparanga nitrided.
Kaupapa:
Whakapai ake i te pakeketanga, te ātete ki te kakahu, te kaha o te ngenge me te ātete ki te waikura o te mata maitai.
Ngā Tohu Tono:
Whakamahia mō te konumohe, te chromium, te molybdenum me ētahi atu huānga whakarewa i roto i te maitai hanganga waro, me te maitai waro me te rino maka, ko te hohonutanga paparanga nitriding whānui he 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Te whakaurunga tahi o te hauota me te waro
Tikanga whakahaere:
Te whakawaro me te whakanitride ki te mata o te maitai i te wā kotahi.
Kaupapa:
Hei whakapai ake i te pakeketanga, te ātete ki te kakahu, te kaha o te ngenge me te ātete ki te waikura o te mata maitai.
Ngā tohu tono:
1. Whakamahia mō ngā wāhanga maitai waro-iti, maitai hanganga koranu-iti me te maitai taputapu, ko te hohonutanga whānui o te paparanga nitriding he 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Whai muri i te whakahāngaitanga hauota, te tinei me te whakamahana i te pāmahana iti.
I whakamāoritia ki te DeepL.com (putanga kore utu)
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-08-2024
