I. Kuunganidza
Nzira yekushanda:
Mushure mekudziya simbi kusvika patembiricha yeAc3+30~50 degrees kana Ac1+30~50 degrees kana pasi peAc1 (unogona kutarisa ruzivo rwakakodzera), inowanzotonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma netembiricha yechoto.
Chinangwa:
Deredza kuomarara, wedzera plasticity, vandudza kucheka uye mashandiro ekugadzira machine ekumanikidza;
Kunatsa tsanga, kuvandudza hunhu hwemakanika, uye gadzirira maitiro anotevera;
Bvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekushanda kunotonhora uye kupisa.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Inoshanda kune simbi yekuvaka, simbi yekabhoni, simbi yemidziyo yeakarungwa, simbi yekumhanyisa simbi, weldments nezvinhu zvisina kugayiwa zvine chinzvimbo chekupa chisina kukodzera;
2. Kazhinji inonamirwa kana yaoma.
II. Kugadzirisa zvinhu
Nzira yekushanda:
Chidimbu chesimbi chinodziiswa kusvika kuAc3 kana Acm pamusoro pe30 ~ 50 degrees, mushure mekuputira kusvika pakakwirira zvishoma pane mwero wekutonhodza wekutonhodza kwe annealing.
Chinangwa:
Deredza kuomarara, kuvandudza plasticity, kuvandudza kucheka uye mashandiro ekugadzira machine ekumanikidza;
Kugadziriswa kwezviyo, kuvandudza hunhu hwemakanika, kuitira kuti maitiro anotevera agadzirirwe;
Bvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekushanda kunotonhora uye kupisa.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
Kugadzirisa zvinhu kunowanzo shandiswa senzira yekuumba, kusanganisa uye kuisa kabhoni muzvikamu zvekugadzirisa usati wapisa. Kune zvinodiwa pakushanda kwesimbi yekuvaka ine kabhoni kabhoni kadiki nepakati uye zvikamu zvesimbi ine kabhoni kadiki, zvinogonawo kushandiswa senzira yekupedzisira yekurapa kupisa. Kune simbi yepakati nepakati uye ine kabhoni kadiki, kutonhora kwemhepo kunogona kutungamira mukudzima kwakakwana kana chikamu, uye nekudaro hakugone kushandiswa senzira yekupedzisira yekurapa kupisa.
III. Kudzima
Nzira yekushanda:
Pisa zvikamu zvesimbi zviri pamusoro petembiricha yekuchinja kwechikamu Ac3 kana Ac1, zvichengete kwenguva yakati, wobva watonhodza nekukurumidza mumvura, nitrate, mafuta kana mhepo.
Chinangwa:
Kudzima kunowanzoitwa kuti pave nekuomarara kwakanyanya kwemartensitic, dzimwe nguva kune dzimwe simbi dzine simbi ine alloy (senge simbi isina ngura, simbi isingapfeki), saka kune imwe sangano ine austenitic yakafanana, kuitira kuvandudza kuramba kupfeka uye kuramba ngura.
Pfungwa dzeKushandisa:
Kazhinji inoshandiswa pasimbi dzekabhoni nedzesimbi dzine kabhoni inopfuura zero point 3 muzana;
Kudzima kunogona kupa simba rakazara uye kugona kwesimbi kudzivirira kupera, asi panguva imwe chete kunokonzera kushushikana kwakawanda mukati, zvichideredza kusimba kwesimbi uye kusimba kwayo, saka zvakakosha kuti iwedzere kunaka kwesimba resimbi.
IV. Kudzikisa
Nzira yekushanda:
Zvikamu zvesimbi zvakadzimwa zvinodziiswazve kusvika patembiricha iri pasi peAc1, mushure mekuputira, mumhepo kana mumafuta, mumvura inopisa, uye kutonhodza kwemvura.
Chinangwa:
Deredza kana kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati mushure mekudzima, deredza kuchinjika kwebasa uye kutsemuka;
Kugadzirisa kuomarara, kuvandudza plasticity uye kuomarara, uye kuwana hunhu hwemakanika hunodiwa pabasa;
Gadzirisa saizi yechinhu chebasa.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Kuchengetedza kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kuramba kupfeka kwesimbi mushure mekudzima nekudziya tembiricha yakaderera; kuitira kuchengetedza mwero wakati wekusimba pasi pemamiriro ekuvandudza kusimba uye simba rekugadzira simbi nekudziya tembiricha yepakati; kuitira kuchengetedza mwero wepamusoro wekusimba uye plasticity ndiyo huru, asiwo kuva nesimba rakakwana nekudziya tembiricha yepamusoro;
2. Simbi yakajairika inoedza kudzivirira 230 ~ 280 degrees, simbi isina ngura ichidziya pakati pe400 ~ 450 degrees, nekuti panguva ino ichagadzira kuputika kwesimbi.
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V. Kudzikisa
Nzira yekushanda:
Kudziisa tembiricha yepamusoro mushure mekudzima kunonzi kudziisa, kureva, kudziisa zvikamu zvesimbi kusvika patembiricha yepamusoro yemadhigirii 10 kusvika 20 kupfuura yekudzima, kuchibata kuti chidziise, uye wozodziisa patembiricha yemadhigirii 400 kusvika 720.
Chinangwa:
Kuvandudza mashandiro ekucheka uye kupedzisa kwekugadzira pamusoro pemachining;
Deredza kucheneruka uye kutsemuka panguva yekudzima;
Wana hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Yesimbi yekuvaka ye alloy, simbi yezvishandiso zve alloy uye simbi inokurumidza ine kuoma kwakanyanya;
2. Haingogone kushandiswa semhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzechimiro chakakosha chekurapa kwekupedzisira kwekupisa, asiwo inogona kushandiswa sezvikamu zvakamanikana, zvakaita se screws uye kumwe kurapwa kwe pre-heat kuderedza deformation.
VI. Kukwegura
Nzira yekushanda:
Pisa zvikamu zvesimbi kusvika pa80~200 degrees, chengeta kwemaawa mashanu~20 kana kupfuura, wozozvitora muchoto kuti zvitonhore mumhepo.
Chinangwa:
Gadzirisa kurongeka kwezvikamu zvesimbi mushure mekudzima, deredza kushanduka panguva yekuchengetera kana kushandisa;
Kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati mushure mekudzima pamwe nekushanda kwekukuya, uye kudzikamisa chimiro nehukuru.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. inoshanda kune akasiyana magiredhi esimbi mushure mekudzima;
2. Kazhinji, chiumbwa chebasa chipfupi hachichinje, senge sikuruu diki, maturusi ekuyera, kana chassis yemubhedha, chinowanzo shandiswa muchimiro chechinhu chipfupi.
VII. Kurapa nechando
Nzira yekushanda:
Ichadzimwa simbi, munzvimbo inotonhorera yakaderera (senge chando chakaoma, nitrogen yemvura) kana yatonhora kusvika -60 ~ -80 degrees kana pasi, tembiricha yacho inenge yakafanana uye inoenderana mushure mekubvisa tembiricha yakafanana patembiricha yemumba.
Chinangwa:
1. kuitira kuti zvese kana kuti zvakawanda zveaustenite yasara muzvikamu zvesimbi zvakadzimwa zvishandurwe kuita martensite, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuomarara, simba, kuramba kupfeka uye muganho wekuneta kwezvikamu zvesimbi;
2. Gadzirisa kurongeka kwesimbi kuti chimiro nehukuru hwezvikamu zvesimbi zvigadzikane.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Kudzima simbi kunofanira kuitwa pakarepo mushure mekutonhora, uye ipapo kudziya tembiricha yakaderera, kuitira kubvisa kutonhora kwemukati kwekupisa kwakaderera;
2. Kurapa nechando kunonyanya kushanda kusimbi yesimbi yakagadzirwa nematurusi madiki, mageji uye zvikamu zvidiki.
VIII. Kudzima pamusoro pemoto unodziya
Nzira yekushanda:
Nemusanganiswa wegesi reokisijeni-acetylene, murazvo unopfuta, unopfapfaidzwa pamusoro pezvikamu zvesimbi, uchidziya nekukurumidza, kana tembiricha yekudzima yasvika pakarepo mushure mekutonhorera kwemvura.
Chinangwa: kuvandudza kuomarara kwepamusoro, kuramba kupfeka uye simba rekuneta kwezvikamu zvesimbi, moyo uchiri kuchengetedza kuomarara kwemamiriro acho.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Inonyanya kushandiswa pazvikamu zvesimbi yepakati-kabhoni, kudzika kwese kwechikamu chekudzima che 2 kusvika 6mm;
2. Kugadzira zvidimbu zvidiki kana kuti zvidimbu zvikuru zvebasa uye kudiwa kwekudzima zvidimbu zvebasa munzvimbo imwe chete.
Pfumbamwe. Kuomesa pamusoro pekupisa kweinduction
Nzira yekushanda:
Isa chidimbu chesimbi mu inductor, kuitira kuti pamusoro pechinhu chesimbi pabudise induction current, munguva pfupi pfupi inopisa kusvika pakupisa kunodzima, wobva wapfapfaidza mvura inotonhodza.
Chinangwa: Kuvandudza kuomarara kwenzvimbo, kuramba kupfeka uye simba rekuneta kwezvikamu zvesimbi, moyo unoramba wakasimba.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira simbi yekabhoni yepakati nepakati uye zvikamu zvesimbi yepakati nepakati;
2. Nekuda kwemhedzisiro yeganda, jira rekudzima rekudzimisa re high-frequency induction hardening rinowanzova 1 ~ 2mm, kudzimisa repakati-frequency rinowanzova 3 ~ 5mm, kudzimisa repamusoro-frequency kunowanzova kwakakura kupfuura 10mm.
X. Kuisa kabhoni mumotokari
Nzira yekushanda:
Simbi inoiswa muchikamu che carburizing, ichidziya kusvika 900 ~ 950 degrees uye inochengetwa ichidziya, kuitira kuti pamusoro pesimbi pave nehuwandu hwakati wandei uye kudzika kwe carburizing layer.
Chinangwa:
Kuvandudza kuomarara kwenzvimbo, kuramba kupfeka uye simba rekuneta kwezvikamu zvesimbi, moyo unoramba wakasimba.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Kana paine kabhoni iri pakati pe0.15% ne0.25% yesimbi isina kusimba uye simbi ine alloy shoma, kudzika kwechikamu che carburizing chidimbu che0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Carburizing inofanira kudzimwa mushure mekukaburisa, kuitira kuti pamusoro payo pave nemartensite, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekukaburisa chibudirire.
XI. Kubvisa marara
Nzira yekushanda:
Kushandisa amoniya pa500 ~ 600 degrees kana maatomu enitrogen achiora, saka pamusoro pesimbi pakazara nenitrogen, zvichiita kuti pave ne nitrided layer.
Chinangwa:
Kuvandudza kuomarara, kuramba kupera, simba rekuneta uye kuramba ngura pamusoro pesimbi.
Pfungwa dzeKushandisa:
Inoshandiswa pakugadzira aruminiyamu, chromium, molybdenum nezvimwe zvinhu zve alloying musimbi ye structural alloy, pamwe nesimbi ye kabhoni nesimbi yakakandwa, kudzika kwe nitriding layer ye 0.025 ~ 0.8mm kwakajairika.
XII. Kupinda pamwe chete kweNitrogen nekabhoni
Nzira yekushanda:
Kuisa kabhoni uye kuisa nitriding pamusoro pesimbi panguva imwe chete.
Chinangwa:
Kuvandudza kuomarara, kuramba kupera, simba rekuneta uye kuramba ngura pamusoro pesimbi.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. Inoshandiswa pasimbi ine kabhoni shoma, simbi ine simbi shoma uye simbi yezvishandiso, kudzika kwechikamu che nitriding 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Mushure mekudzima, kudzima uye kudziya tembiricha yakaderera.
Yakashandurwa neDeepL.com (vhezheni yemahara)
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-08-2024
