I. Annealing
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Tom qab cua sov cov hlau mus rau qhov kub ntawm Ac3 + 30 ~ 50 degrees lossis Ac1 + 30 ~ 50 degrees lossis qis dua Ac1 (koj tuaj yeem sab laj cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam), nws feem ntau txias maj mam nrog rau qhov cub kub.
Lub hom phiaj:
Txo hardness, nce plasticity, txhim kho kev txiav thiab siab machining kev ua tau zoo;
Kho cov nplej, txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab npaj rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej;
Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Muaj feem xyuam rau cov qauv hlau alloy, cov cuab yeej carbon steel, cov cuab yeej alloy steel, high-speed steel forgings, weldments thiab raw khoom nrog cov khoom tsis tsim nyog;
2. Feem ntau annealed nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntxhib.
II. normalizing
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Cov hlau yog rhuab mus rau Ac3 los yog Acm saum toj no 30 ~ 50 degrees, tom qab rwb thaiv tsev rau me ntsis ntau dua qhov cua txias ntawm annealing txias.
Lub hom phiaj:
Txo hardness, txhim kho plasticity, txhim kho kev txiav thiab siab machining kev ua tau zoo;
Kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov nplej, txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab, rau cov txheej txheem tom ntej los npaj;
Tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias thiab kub.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
Normalizing feem ntau yog siv los ua forging, vuam thiab carburizing qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem ua ntej cua sov. Rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab nruab nrab carbon carbon cov qauv hlau thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua kev kho cua sov kawg. Rau qhov nruab nrab thiab siab alloy steel, cua txias tuaj yeem ua kom tiav lossis ib nrab quenching, thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua cov txheej txheem kho cua sov kawg.
III. Quenching
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Thaum tshav kub kub ntawm cov hlau saum toj no theem hloov kub Ac3 lossis Ac1, tuav rau lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai sai hauv dej, nitrate, roj lossis cua.
Lub hom phiaj:
quenching feem ntau kom tau txais lub koom haum martensitic siab hardness, qee zaum rau qee cov hlau alloy siab (xws li stainless hlau, hnav-resistant steel) quenching, nws yog kom tau txais ib lub koom haum austenitic nkaus xwb, txhawm rau txhim kho hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
Feem ntau siv rau cov pa roj carbon thiab alloy steels nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua li xoom peb feem pua;
Quenching tuaj yeem muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau, tab sis tib lub sijhawm yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau hauv, txo cov yas thiab cuam tshuam rau cov hlau, yog li nws yuav tsum tau npau taws kom tau txais cov khoom zoo tag nrho.
IV. Tempering
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Cov khoom quenched steel reheated rau qhov kub hauv qab Ac1, tom qab rwb thaiv tsev, hauv huab cua lossis roj, dej kub, dej txias.
Lub hom phiaj:
Txo lossis tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tom qab quenching, txo qhov deformation ntawm lub workpiece thiab tawg;
Txhawm rau kho qhov nyuaj, txhim kho plasticity thiab toughness, thiab tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm;
Stabilize qhov loj ntawm lub workpiece.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Khaws lub siab hardness thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hlau tom qab quenching nrog tsawg-kub tempering; nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tswj tau ib co degree ntawm toughness nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev txhim kho lub elasticity thiab yield zog ntawm steel nrog nruab nrab-kub tempering; nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tswj tau ib tug high degree ntawm tej yam toughness thiab plasticity yog lub ntsiab, tab sis kuj muaj txaus lub zog nrog high-temperature tempering;
2. General steel sim kom tsis txhob 230 ~ 280 degrees, stainless hlau tempering ntawm 400 ~ 450 degrees, vim lub sij hawm no yuav tsim ib tug tempering embrittlement.
Txhais nrog DeepL.com (dawb version)
V. Tempering
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Kub kub kub tom qab quenching yog hu ua tempering, piv txwv li, cua sov cov hlau qhov chaw rau ib tug kub ntawm 10 mus rau 20 degrees siab tshaj li ntawm quenching, tuav nws rau quenching, thiab ces tempering nws ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 400 mus rau 720 degrees.
Lub hom phiaj:
Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav thiab machining nto tiav;
Txo qhov deformation thiab tawg thaum quenching;
Tau txais cov khoom zoo txhua yam.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Rau alloy structural steel, alloy cuab yeej steel thiab high-speed steel nrog siab hardenability;
2. tsis tsuas yog siv tau los ua ntau yam ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cua sov zaum kawg, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua qee qhov nruj, xws li cov ntsia hlau thiab lwm yam kev kho cua sov ua ntej kom txo qis deformation.
VI. Kev laus
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Tshav kub ntawm cov hlau mus rau 80 ~ 200 degrees, tuav rau 5 ~ 20 teev lossis ntev dua, thiab tom qab ntawd tshem tawm nrog lub qhov cub kom txias hauv huab cua.
Lub hom phiaj:
Stabilize lub koom haum ntawm steel qhov chaw tom qab quenching, txo cov deformation thaum lub sij hawm cia los yog siv;
Txhawm rau txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv tom qab quenching nrog rau kev sib tsoo, thiab kom ruaj khov zoo thiab qhov loj me.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv:
1. muaj feem xyuam rau ntau qib steel tom qab quenching;
2. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov kev xav tau ntawm cov duab ntawm lub compact workpiece tsis hloov lawm, xws li compact ntsia hlau, ntsuas cov cuab yeej, txaj chassis.
VII. Kev kho mob khaub thuas
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Yuav quenched steel, nyob rau hauv qhov kub nruab nrab (xws li qhuav dej khov, kua nitrogen) nyob rau hauv lub txias rau -60 ~ -80 degrees los yog qis dua, qhov kub thiab txias yog zoo ib yam tom qab tshem tawm cov uniform kub rau chav tsev kub.
Lub hom phiaj:
1. kom tag nrho los yog feem ntau ntawm cov seem austenite nyob rau hauv quenched steel qhov chaw yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau martensite, yog li ua rau hardness, lub zog, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog txwv ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw;
2. Txhim kho lub koom haum ntawm cov hlau kom ruaj khov rau cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. steel quenching yuav tsum tam sim ntawd tom qab kev kho mob khaub thuas, thiab tom qab ntawd qis-kub tempering, thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov cua txias ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv;
2. Kev kho mob khaub thuas feem ntau yog siv rau cov hlau alloy ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej compact, gauges thiab compact qhov chaw.
VIII. Nplaim cua sov nto quenching
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Nrog oxygen - acetylene roj sib tov hluav taws kub hnyiab, txau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau, cua sov sai, thaum lub quenching kub yog mus txog tam sim ntawd tom qab cov dej tsuag txias.
Lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tawv tawv, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm steel qhov chaw, lub plawv tseem tuav lub zog ntawm lub xeev.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Feem ntau yog siv rau nruab nrab-carbon steel qhov chaw, qhov dav dav dav ntawm quenching txheej ntawm 2 mus rau 6 hli;
2. Rau ib-thooj los yog me me batch zus tau tej cov workpieces loj thiab yuav tsum tau rau lub zos quenching ntawm lub workpiece.
Cuaj. Induction cua sov nto hardening
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Muab cov hlau tso rau hauv qhov inductor, kom lub npoo ntawm cov hlau los tsim cov induction tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm lub sij hawm rhuab mus rau quenching kub, thiab ces tsuag dej txias.
Lub hom phiaj: txhawm rau txhim kho qhov tawv tawv, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw, lub plawv kom tswj tau qhov toughness ntawm lub xeev.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Feem ntau yog siv rau nruab nrab carbon steel thiab nruab nrab Hall alloy structural steel qhov chaw;
2. Vim yog cov nyhuv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, high-frequency induction hardening quenching quenching txheej feem ntau yog 1 ~ 2mm, nruab nrab zaus quenching feem ntau yog 3 ~ 5mm, high-frequency quenching feem ntau ntau dua 10mm.
X. Carburizing
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Hlau qhov chaw rau hauv qhov nruab nrab carburizing, rhuab mus rau 900 ~ 950 degrees thiab ua kom sov, kom cov hlau nto kom tau ib co concentration thiab qhov tob ntawm carburizing txheej.
Lub hom phiaj:
Txhim kho qhov tawv tawv, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog ntawm steel qhov chaw, lub plawv tseem tuav lub zog ntawm lub xeev.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Rau cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.15% mus rau 0.25% ntawm cov hlau me me thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, qhov dav dav dav ntawm carburizing txheej ntawm 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Carburizing yuav tsum tau quenched tom qab carburizing, kom cov nto yog martensite, thiaj li yuav ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm carburizing.
XI. Nitriding
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Kev siv ammonia ntawm 500 ~ 600 degrees thaum lub decomposition ntawm nquag nitrogen atoms, thiaj li hais tias lub nto ntawm cov hlau yog saturated nrog nitrogen, tsim ntawm nitrided txheej.
Lub hom phiaj:
Txhim kho lub hardness, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog lub zog thiab corrosion kuj ntawm steel nto.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
Siv rau txhuas, chromium, molybdenum thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov carbon alloy structural steel, nrog rau cov pa roj carbon steel thiab cam khwb cia hlau, dav dav nitriding txheej tob ntawm 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Nitrogen thiab carbon co-infiltration
Txoj kev ua haujlwm:
Carbonizing thiab nitriding rau saum npoo ntawm hlau tib lub sijhawm.
Lub hom phiaj:
Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hardness, hnav tsis kam, qaug zog lub zog thiab corrosion kuj ntawm steel nto.
Cov ntsiab lus thov:
1. Siv rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau thiab cov cuab yeej steel, dav dav nitriding txheej tob 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Tom qab nitriding, quenching thiab kub tempering.
Txhais nrog DeepL.com (dawb version)
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-08-2024
