I. Annealing
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Mukatenthetsa chitsulocho kutentha kwa Ac3 + 30 ~ 50 madigiri kapena Ac1 + 30 ~ 50 madigiri kapena pansi pa Ac1 (mutha kufunsa zambiri zomwe zikuyenera), nthawi zambiri zimazirala pang'onopang'ono ndi kutentha kwa ng'anjo.
Cholinga:
Kuchepetsa kuuma, kuonjezera pulasitiki, kusintha kudula ndi kukakamiza Machining ntchito;
Yenga njere, kusintha makina, ndi kukonzekera njira yotsatira;
Chotsani kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumapangidwa ndi ntchito yozizira komanso yotentha.
Zofunsira:
1. Yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zazitsulo zazitsulo, zitsulo za carbon tool, alloy tool zitsulo, zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri, zowotcherera ndi zipangizo zomwe zili ndi chikhalidwe chosayenerera;
2. Nthawi zambiri amatsekeredwa m'malo ovuta.
II. Normalizing
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Chitsulocho chimatenthedwa mpaka Ac3 kapena Acm pamwamba pa madigiri 30 ~ 50, pambuyo pa kutchinjiriza mpaka kukulirapo pang'ono kuposa kuzizira kwa kuziziritsa kwa annealing.
Cholinga:
Chepetsani kuuma, kusintha pulasitiki, kusintha kudula ndi kukakamiza Machining ntchito;
Kuwongolera njere, kukonza zinthu zamakina, kuti mukonzekere njira yotsatira;
Chotsani kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumapangidwa ndi ntchito yozizira komanso yotentha.
Zofunsira:
Normalizing nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupangira, kuwotcherera ndi kubisa magawo azinthu zopangira kutentha kusanachitike. Pakuti ntchito zofunika otsika ndi sing'anga mpweya mpweya mpweya structural zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi zitsulo mbali, Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chomaliza kutentha mankhwala. Pakuti ambiri sing'anga ndi mkulu aloyi zitsulo, kuziziritsa mpweya kungachititse kuti wathunthu kapena pang'ono kuzimitsidwa, choncho sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yomaliza kutentha mankhwala.
III. Kuzimitsa
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Kutenthetsa zitsulo pamwamba pa kutentha kwa gawo Ac3 kapena Ac1, gwirani kwakanthawi, kenako kuziziritsa mwachangu m'madzi, nitrate, mafuta kapena mpweya.
Cholinga:
Kuzimitsa nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti gulu la martensitic likhale lolimba kwambiri, nthawi zina pazitsulo zazitsulo zamtundu wapamwamba (monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zosavala zosagwira) kuzimitsa, ndiko kupeza bungwe limodzi la austenitic, kuti lipititse patsogolo kuvala ndi kukana dzimbiri.
Mfundo Zofunsira:
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo za carbon ndi alloy zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya woposa ziro mfundo zitatu pa zana;
Kuzimitsa kungapereke kusewera kwathunthu ku mphamvu ndi kuvala kukana kuthekera kwachitsulo, koma nthawi yomweyo kumayambitsa zovuta zambiri zamkati, kuchepetsa pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwachitsulo, kotero ndikofunikira kukwiyitsa kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakina.
IV. Kutentha
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Zigawo zachitsulo zozimitsidwa zimatenthedwanso kutentha pansi pa Ac1, pambuyo pa kutchinjiriza, mumlengalenga kapena mafuta, madzi otentha, kuziziritsa kwamadzi.
Cholinga:
Kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kupsinjika kwamkati mutatha kuzimitsa, kuchepetsa kusinthika kwa workpiece ndi kusweka;
Kusintha kuuma, kukonza pulasitiki ndi kulimba, ndikupeza makina omwe amafunikira pa ntchitoyi;
Khazikitsani kukula kwa workpiece.
Zofunsira:
1. Sungani kuuma kwakukulu ndi kuvala kukana kwachitsulo mutatha kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kochepa; kuti akhalebe ndi mlingo wina wa kulimba pansi pamikhalidwe ya kuwongolera elasticity ndi zokolola mphamvu zachitsulo ndi sing'anga kutentha tempering; kuti mukhalebe ndi kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi pulasitiki ndiye chachikulu, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira ndi kutentha kwapamwamba;
2. General zitsulo kuyesa kupewa 230 ~ 280 madigiri, zosapanga dzimbiri tempering pakati 400 ~ 450 madigiri, chifukwa nthawi iyi adzatulutsa tempering embrittlement.
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V. Kutentha
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha pambuyo pozimitsa kumatchedwa tempering, mwachitsanzo, kutentha mbali zachitsulo kutentha kwa madigiri 10 mpaka 20 kuposa kuzimitsa, kuzigwira kuti kuzimitse, ndiyeno kuzimitsa kutentha kwa madigiri 400 mpaka 720.
Cholinga:
Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yodula komanso kumaliza kwa makina;
Kuchepetsa mapindikidwe ndi kusweka panthawi yozimitsa;
Pezani zabwino zambiri zamakina.
Zofunsira:
1. Pakuti aloyi structural chitsulo, aloyi chida zitsulo ndi mkulu-liwiro zitsulo ndi high hardability;
2. osati angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofunikira kwambiri yopangira kutentha komaliza, komanso ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mbali zina zolimba, monga zomangira ndi mankhwala ena asanayambe kutentha kuti achepetse kusinthika.
VI. Kukalamba
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:
Kutenthetsa mbali zachitsulo mpaka madigiri 80 ~ 200, gwirani kwa maola 5 ~ 20 kapena kuposerapo, ndiyeno mutuluke ndi ng'anjo kuti muzizizira mumlengalenga.
Cholinga:
Khazikitsani gulu la zigawo zachitsulo mutatha kuzimitsa, kuchepetsa mapindikidwe panthawi yosungirako kapena ntchito;
Kuchepetsa nkhawa mkati pambuyo kuzimitsa komanso akupera ntchito, ndi kukhazikika mawonekedwe ndi kukula.
Mfundo zogwiritsira ntchito:
1. yogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zitsulo sukulu pambuyo quenching;
2. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofunikira za mawonekedwe a compact workpiece sasinthanso, monga compact screw, zida zoyezera, bedi chassis.
VII. Kuzizira mankhwala
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:
Adzazimitsidwa chitsulo, mu otsika kutentha sing'anga (monga youma ayezi, madzi asafe) mu kuzirala kwa -60 ~ -80 madigiri kapena m'munsi, kutentha ndi yunifolomu ndi zogwirizana pambuyo kuchotsa yunifolomu kutentha kwa firiji.
Cholinga:
1. kotero kuti zonse kapena zambiri zotsalira za austenite m'zigawo zazitsulo zozimitsidwa zimasinthidwa kukhala martensite, motero zimawonjezera kuuma, mphamvu, kuvala kukana ndi kutopa kwa zigawo zachitsulo;
2. Kukhazikitsa bungwe lazitsulo kuti likhazikitse mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zigawo zachitsulo.
Zofunsira:
1. zitsulo kuzimitsidwa ayenera mwamsanga pambuyo mankhwala ozizira, ndiyeno otsika kutentha kutentha, kuti athetse otsika kutentha kuzirala wa nkhawa mkati;
2. Kuchiza kozizira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazitsulo za alloy zopangidwa ndi zida zowonongeka, geji ndi magawo osakanikirana.
VIII. Kutentha kwa moto pamwamba kuzimitsa
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Ndi mpweya - acetylene gasi osakaniza moto moto, kupopera pamwamba pa zitsulo mbali, Kutentha mofulumira, pamene kutentha quenching kufika mwamsanga pambuyo madzi kupopera kuzirala.
Cholinga: kukonza kuuma pamwamba, kuvala kukana ndi kutopa mphamvu ya mbali zitsulo, mtima amasungabe kulimba kwa boma.
Zofunsira:
1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazigawo zachitsulo zamkati-mpweya, kuya kwakukulu kwa 2 mpaka 6mm;
2. Pakuti single-chidutswa kapena yaing'ono mtanda kupanga lalikulu workpieces ndi kufunika m'dera quenching wa workpiece.
Zisanu ndi zinayi. Induction Kutentha pamwamba kuuma
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:
Ikani chitsulo chidutswa mu inductor, kuti pamwamba pa chitsulo chidutswa kubala kupatsidwa ulemu panopa, mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri mkangano kutentha quenching, ndiyeno utsi madzi kuzirala.
Cholinga: Kupititsa patsogolo kuuma kwapansi, kuvala kukana ndi mphamvu ya kutopa kwa zigawo zachitsulo, mtima kuti ukhalebe wolimba wa boma.
Zofunsira:
1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsulo zapakati pa carbon ndi sing'anga holo aloyi structural zitsulo;
2. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a khungu, kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kuuma kozimitsa kosanjikiza kumakhala 1 ~ 2mm, kuzimitsa kwapakati pafupipafupi kumakhala 3 ~ 5mm, kuzimitsa kwafupipafupi kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 10mm.
X. Carburizing
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Zigawo zachitsulo mu sing'anga ya carburizing, zimatenthedwa mpaka madigiri 900 ~ 950 ndikutenthetsa, kuti pamwamba pazitsulo zipeze ndende komanso kuya kwa gawo la carburizing.
Cholinga:
Kupititsa patsogolo kuuma kwapamwamba, kuvala kukana ndi mphamvu ya kutopa kwa zigawo zachitsulo, mtima umasungabe kulimba kwa boma.
Zofunsira:
1. Pakuti mpweya zili 0.15% mpaka 0.25% wa wofatsa zitsulo ndi otsika aloyi mbali zitsulo, ambiri kuya wa carburizing wosanjikiza 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Carburizing iyenera kuzimitsidwa pambuyo pa carburizing, kuti pamwamba pakhale martensite, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha carburizing.
XI. Nitriding
Njira yogwirira ntchito:
Kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia pa 500 ~ 600 madigiri pamene kuwonongeka kwa yogwira nayitrogeni maatomu, kuti pamwamba pa zitsulo zodzaza nayitrogeni, mapangidwe nitrided wosanjikiza.
Cholinga:
Limbikitsani kuuma, kukana kuvala, mphamvu ya kutopa komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri pazitsulo zachitsulo.
Mfundo Zofunsira:
Ntchito zotayidwa, chromium, molybdenum ndi zinthu zina aloyi mu mpweya aloyi structural zitsulo, komanso mpweya zitsulo ndi chitsulo, ambiri nitriding wosanjikiza kuya 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Kulowetsedwa kwa nayitrogeni ndi kaboni
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:
Carbonizing ndi nitriding pamwamba pa zitsulo nthawi yomweyo.
Cholinga:
Kupititsa patsogolo kuuma, kukana kuvala, mphamvu ya kutopa ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri pamwamba pazitsulo.
Zofunsira:
1. Ntchito otsika mpweya zitsulo, otsika aloyi structural zitsulo ndi zida zitsulo mbali, ambiri nitriding wosanjikiza kuya 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Pambuyo pa nitriding, kuzimitsa ndi kutentha kochepa.
Kutanthauziridwa ndi DeepL.com (mtundu waulere)
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-08-2024
