I. Annealing
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Nyuma yo gushyushya icyuma kugeza ku bushyuhe bwa dogere Ac3 + 30 ~ 50 cyangwa dogere ya Ac1 + 30 ~ 50 cyangwa munsi ya Ac1 (urashobora kureba amakuru ajyanye), muri rusange ikonjeshwa buhoro hamwe nubushyuhe bwitanura.
Intego:
Kugabanya ubukana, kongera plastike, kunoza gukata no gukora igitutu;
Gutunganya ingano, kunoza imiterere yubukanishi, no gutegura inzira ikurikira;
Kuraho imihangayiko y'imbere iterwa n'imirimo ikonje kandi ishyushye.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1.
2. Mubisanzwe byometse kumiterere itoroshye.
II. Kubisanzwe
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Igice cy'icyuma gishyuha kuri Ac3 cyangwa Acm hejuru ya dogere 30 ~ 50, nyuma yo gukingirwa kugeza gato kurenza igipimo cyo gukonjesha cyo gukonjesha.
Intego:
Kugabanya ubukana, kunoza plastike, kunoza gukata no gukora igitutu;
Kunonosora ingano, kunoza imiterere yubukanishi, kuburyo bukurikira bwo gutegura;
Kuraho imihangayiko y'imbere iterwa n'imirimo ikonje kandi ishyushye.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
Ubusanzwe busanzwe bukoreshwa nkibihimbano, gusudira hamwe na carburizing ibice byubushakashatsi mbere yubushyuhe. Kubisabwa kugirango imikorere ya karubone ntoya kandi iciriritse ya karubone yubatswe hamwe nicyuma giciriritse cyicyuma, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkubuvuzi bwa nyuma. Kubyuma rusange byoroheje kandi binini cyane, gukonjesha ikirere birashobora gutuma umuntu azimya burundu cyangwa igice, bityo ntashobora gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwa nyuma bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
III. Kuzimya
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Shyushya ibice byicyuma hejuru yubushyuhe bwo guhindura ubushyuhe Ac3 cyangwa Ac1, fata igihe runaka, hanyuma ukonje vuba mumazi, nitrate, amavuta cyangwa umwuka.
Intego:
Kuzimya muri rusange ni ukubona ishyirahamwe ryinshi rya martensitike, rimwe na rimwe ku byuma bimwe na bimwe bivanze cyane (nk'ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma birinda kwambara), ni ukubona ishyirahamwe rimwe rya austenitis, kugira ngo rirusheho kunoza imyambarire no kurwanya ruswa.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubyuma bya karubone hamwe nibisigazwa birimo karubone irenze zeru amanota atatu ku ijana;
Kuzimya birashobora guha imbaraga zose imbaraga no kwambara imbaraga zo guhangana nicyuma, ariko mugihe kimwe bizatera imihangayiko myinshi yimbere, bigabanye plastike ningaruka zikomeye zibyuma, bityo rero birakenewe ko ushishoza kugirango ube mwiza muri rusange.
IV. Ubushyuhe
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Ibice by'ibyuma byazimye byongeye gushyuha ubushyuhe buri munsi ya Ac1, nyuma yo gukingirwa, mu kirere cyangwa amavuta, amazi ashyushye, gukonjesha amazi.
Intego:
Kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imihangayiko yimbere nyuma yo kuzimya, gabanya guhindura imikorere yakazi no guturika;
Guhindura ubukana, kunoza plastike no gukomera, no kubona ibikoresho bya mashini bisabwa kumurimo;
Hindura ingano yakazi.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1. Komeza ubukana bwinshi kandi wambare ibyuma nyuma yo kuzimya n'ubushyuhe buke; kugirango tugumane urwego runaka rukomeye mubihe byo kunoza imiterere no gutanga ingufu zibyuma hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hagati; kugirango ugumane urwego rwo hejuru rwingaruka zikomeye hamwe na plastike nibyingenzi, ariko kandi bifite imbaraga zihagije hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru;
2. Ibyuma rusange gerageza kwirinda dogere 230 ~ 280, ibyuma bidafite ingese hagati ya dogere 400 ~ 450, kuko iki gihe kizatanga ubushyuhe bukabije.
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V. Ubushyuhe
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nyuma yo kuzimya byitwa ubushyuhe, ni ukuvuga gushyushya ibice byicyuma ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 10 kugeza kuri 20 kurenza iyo kuzimya, kubifata kugirango bizimye, hanyuma ukabishyushya ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 400 kugeza 720.
Intego:
Kunoza imikorere yo gukata no gutunganya hejuru kurangiza;
Mugabanye guhindura no guturika mugihe cyo kuzimya;
Shaka ibikoresho byiza byubukanishi.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1.
2. Ntabwo ishobora gukoreshwa gusa muburyo butandukanye bwingenzi bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma, ariko kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nkibice bimwe bifatanye, nk'imigozi hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura mbere yubushyuhe kugirango ugabanye deformasiyo.
VI. Gusaza
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Shyushya ibice byicyuma kugeza kuri dogere 80 ~ 200, fata amasaha 5 ~ 20 cyangwa arenga, hanyuma usohokane nitanura kugirango ukonje mukirere.
Intego:
Gutezimbere imitunganyirize yibyuma nyuma yo kuzimya, kugabanya deformasiyo mugihe cyo kubika cyangwa gukoresha;
Kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere nyuma yo kuzimya kimwe no gusya ibikorwa, no guhuza imiterere nubunini.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1. Bikoreshwa mubyiciro bitandukanye byibyuma nyuma yo kuzimya;
.
VII. Kuvura ubukonje
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Bizaba bizimye ibyuma, mubushyuhe buke (nk'urubura rwumye, azote yuzuye) mukonje kugeza kuri dogere -60 ~ -80 cyangwa munsi, ubushyuhe burasa kandi burahoraho nyuma yo gukuraho ubushyuhe bumwe mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Intego:
1. kugirango byose cyangwa byinshi muri austenite isigaye mubice byuma byazimye bihindurwe martensite, bityo byongere ubukana, imbaraga, kwambara birwanya umunaniro wibice byibyuma;
2. Guhindura imitunganyirize yicyuma kugirango uhindure imiterere nubunini bwibice byibyuma.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1. Kuzimya ibyuma bigomba guhita nyuma yubuvuzi bukonje, hanyuma ubushyuhe buke, kugirango bikureho ubukonje buke bwubushyuhe bwimbere;
2. Ubuvuzi bukonje bukoreshwa cyane cyane mubyuma bivanze bikozwe mubikoresho byoroshye, bipima nibice byegeranye.
VIII. Kuzimya umuriro
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Hamwe na ogisijeni - gazi ya acetylene ivanze yaka umuriro, igaterwa hejuru yicyuma, gushyuha byihuse, iyo ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya bugerwaho ako kanya amazi amaze gukonja.
Intego: kunoza ubukana bwubuso, kwambara birwanya imbaraga numunaniro wibice byibyuma, umutima uracyakomeza ubukana bwa leta.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1. Byinshi bikoreshwa mubice biciriritse bya karubone, ubujyakuzimu rusange bwumuriro wa 2 kugeza 6mm;
2. Kubice bimwe cyangwa bito bito byakozwe mubikorwa binini kandi bikenewe kuzimya hafi yakazi.
Icyenda. Kwinjiza ubushyuhe hejuru
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Shira icyuma muri inductor, kugirango hejuru yicyuma kugirango habeho amashanyarazi, mugihe gito cyane ushushe kugirango ubushyuhe buzimye, hanyuma utere amazi akonje.
Intego: Kunoza ubukana bwubuso, kwambara imbaraga hamwe numunaniro wibice byibyuma, umutima wo gukomeza ubukana bwa leta.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1. Byinshi bikoreshwa mubyuma biciriritse bya karubone hamwe na salle ya salle igizwe nibyuma byubatswe;
2. Bitewe ningaruka zuruhu, induction yumurongo mwinshi ukomeretsa kuzimya igicucu ni 1 ~ 2mm, kuzimya inshuro-hagati ni 3 ~ 5mm, kuzimya inshuro nyinshi kurenza 10mm.
X. Carburizing
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Ibice by'ibyuma muburyo bwa carburizing, bishyushye kugeza kuri dogere 900 ~ 950 kandi bigakomeza gushyuha, kugirango hejuru yicyuma kugirango ubone ubunini bwimbitse hamwe nuburebure bwurwego rwa karburizingi.
Intego:
Kunoza ubukana bwo hejuru, kwambara imbaraga hamwe numunaniro wibice byibyuma, umutima uracyakomeza ubukana bwa leta.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1.
2. Carburizing igomba kuzimwa nyuma ya carburizing, kugirango ubuso bwa martensite, kugirango ugere kuntego ya carburizing.
XI. Nitriding
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Gukoresha ammonia kuri dogere 500 ~ 600 mugihe kubora kwa atome ya azote ikora, kuburyo hejuru yicyuma huzuyemo azote, gushiraho urwego rwa nitride.
Intego:
Kunoza ubukana, kwambara birwanya, imbaraga z'umunaniro no kurwanya ruswa hejuru yicyuma.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
Ikoreshwa kuri aluminium, chromium, molybdenum nibindi bintu bivangavanze mubyuma byubatswe na karubone, hamwe nicyuma cya karubone nicyuma, uburebure bwa nitriding muri rusange 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Azote hamwe na karubone hamwe
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Carbonizing na nitriding hejuru yicyuma icyarimwe.
Intego:
Kugirango utezimbere ubukana, ambara imbaraga, umunaniro imbaraga hamwe no kwangirika kwicyuma hejuru yicyuma.
Ingingo zo gusaba:
1. Ikoreshwa mubyuma bya karubone nkeya, ibyuma bito byubatswe byubatswe hamwe nicyuma cyibikoresho, ubujyakuzimu bwa nitriding rusange 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Nyuma ya nitriding, kuzimya nubushyuhe buke.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-08-2024
