I. Annealing
Nzira yekushanda:
Mushure mekupisa chidimbu chesimbi kune tembiricha yeAc3 + 30 ~ 50 madhigirii kana Ac1 + 30 ~ 50 madhigirii kana pasi peAc1 (unogona kubvunza ruzivo rwakakodzera), inowanzotonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nechoto tembiricha.
Chinangwa:
Deredza kuoma, kuwedzera plastiki, kunatsiridza kucheka uye kumanikidza machining kuita;
Natsa zviyo, gadzirisa zvinhu zvemakanika, uye gadzirira iyo inotevera maitiro;
Bvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekutonhora uye kupisa kushanda.
Application points:
1. Inoshanda kune alloy structural simbi, carbon tool simbi, alloy tool simbi, high-speed steel forgings, weldments uye mashizha ane mamiriro asina kukodzera ekupa;
2. Kazhinji annealed mumamiriro akaoma.
II. Normalizing
Nzira yekushanda:
Chidimbu chesimbi chinodziiswa kuAc3 kana Acm pamusoro pe30 ~ 50 madhigirii, mushure mekudzivirira kusvika kudiki kudarika mwero wekutonhodza wekutonhodza.
Chinangwa:
Deredza kuoma, kuvandudza plastiki, kunatsiridza kucheka uye kumanikidza machining kuita;
Kunatswa kwezviyo, kunatsiridza michina zvivakwa, kune inotevera nzira yekugadzirira;
Bvisa kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekutonhora uye kupisa kushanda.
Application points:
Normalizing inowanzo shandiswa sekugadzira, welding uye carburizing zvikamu zve pre-heat treatment process. Nekuda kwekuita zvinodiwa zvepasi uye zvepakati kabhoni kabhoni structural simbi uye yakaderera alloy simbi zvikamu, inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyekupedzisira kupisa kupisa. Kune yakajairika yepakati uye yakakwira alloy simbi, kutonhora kwemhepo kunogona kutungamira mukupedza kana chidimbu kudzima, uye nekudaro haigone kushandiswa seyekupedzisira kupisa kupisa maitiro.
III. Quenching
Nzira yekushanda:
Pisa zvikamu zvesimbi pamusoro pechikamu chekuchinja tembiricha Ac3 kana Ac1, bata kwenguva yakati rebei, wozotonhora nekukurumidza mumvura, nitrate, mafuta kana mhepo.
Chinangwa:
Kudzima kazhinji kuwana kuomarara kwakanyanya kwemartensitic sangano, dzimwe nguva kune imwe yakakwira-alloy simbi (senge simbi isina simbi, kupfeka-inomira simbi) inodzima, ndiko kuwana imwechete yunifomu yeaustenitic sangano, kuitira kuti uvandudze kusakara uye kusagadzikana nekuora.
Application Points:
Inowanzo shandiswa kabhoni uye alloy simbi ine kabhoni yemukati yakakura kupfuura zero point nhatu muzana;
Kudzima kunogona kupa kutamba kwakazara kune simba uye kupfeka kuramba kugona kwesimbi, asi panguva imwe chete kunokonzeresa kushushikana kwemukati, kudzikisa mapurasitiki uye kukanganisa kuoma kwesimbi, saka zvinodikanwa kushatirisa kuti uwane zvirinani zvimiro zvemuchina.
IV. Tempering
Nzira yekushanda:
Zvikamu zvesimbi zvakadzimwa zvakadzoserwa kune tembiricha iri pasi peAc1, mushure mekuvhara, mumhepo kana mafuta, mvura inopisa, kutonhora kwemvura.
Chinangwa:
Deredza kana kubvisa kushushikana kwemukati mushure mekudzima, kuderedza deformation ye workpiece uye kuputika;
Kugadzirisa kuoma, kuvandudza plastiki uye kuoma, uye kuwana michina yemagetsi inodiwa kubasa;
Gadzirisa saizi yeworkpiece.
Application points:
1. Chengetedza kuoma kwakanyanya uye kupfeka kusagadzikana kwesimbi mushure mekudzima nekudzika-kupisa kupisa; kuitira kuchengetedza imwe dhigirii yekuoma pasi pemamiriro ekuvandudza elasticity uye kubereka simba resimbi nepakati-kupisa kupisa; kuitira kuchengetedza dhigirii yakakwira yekukanganisa kusimba uye plastiki ndiyo huru, asi zvakare kuve nesimba rakakwana nepamusoro-tembiricha tembiricha;
2. General simbi edza kudzivisa 230 ~ 280 madhigirii, Stainless simbi tempering pakati 400 ~ 450 madhigirii, nokuti nguva ino achabudisa tempering embrittlement.
Yakaturikirwa neDeepL.com (yemahara vhezheni)
V. Tempering
Nzira yekushanda:
High tembiricha tempering pashure quenching kunonzi tempering, kureva, kupisa simbi mativi kuti tembiricha 10 kusvika 20 madhigirii yakakwirira kupfuura quenching, achiibata quenching, uye ipapo tempering patembiricha 400 kusvika 720 madhigirii.
Chinangwa:
Kuvandudza kucheka kuita uye machining pamusoro pekupedzisira;
Deredza deformation uye kuputika panguva yekudzima;
Wana yakanaka yakazara mechanicha zvinhu.
Application points:
1. Kune alloy structural simbi, alloy tool simbi uye high-speed simbi ine yakakwirira kuoma;
2. kwete chete inogona kushandiswa seyakasiyana-siyana yakakosha chimiro chekupedzisira kupisa kurapwa, asi zvakare inogona kushandiswa sezvimwe zvikamu zvakaoma, senge screws uye mamwe pre-heat kurapwa kuderedza deformation.
VI. Kuchembera
Operation nzira:
Pisa zvikamu zvesimbi kusvika ku80 ~ 200 madhigirii, bata kwemaawa 5 ~ 20 kana kupfuura, uye wozotora kunze nechoto kuti utonhorere mumhepo.
Chinangwa:
Gadzirisa sangano rezvikamu zvesimbi mushure mekudzima, kuderedza deformation panguva yekuchengetedza kana kushandiswa;
Kuderedza kushushikana kwemukati mushure mekudzima pamwe nekukuya mabasa, uye kudzikamisa chimiro nehukuru.
Pfungwa dzekushandisa:
1. inoshanda kune siyana simbi mamakisi pashure quenching;
2. Inowanzoshandiswa muzvinodiwa zvechimiro che compact workpiece haichashanduki, yakadai se compact screw, maturusi ekuyera, bhedha chassis.
VII. Cold kurapwa
Operation nzira:
Ichadzimwa simbi, munzvimbo yakadzika tembiricha yepakati (yakadai sechando chakaoma, mvura nitrogen) mukutonhodza kusvika -60 ~ -80 madhigirii kana pasi, tembiricha iri yunifomu uye inowirirana mushure mekubvisa yunifomu tembiricha kune tembiricha yekamuri.
Chinangwa:
1. kuitira kuti zvose kana zvakawanda zvakasara austenite muzvikamu zvesimbi zvakadzimwa zvinoshandurwa kuva martensite, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuoma, simba, kupfeka kusagadzikana uye kupera kwekuneta kwezvikamu zvesimbi;
2. Gadzirisa sangano resimbi kuti ugadzikane chimiro uye ukuru hwezvikamu zvesimbi.
Application points:
1. simbi inodzima kunofanira kunge iri pakarepo mushure mekurapa kunotonhora, uye ipapo kuderera-kupisa kupisa, kuitira kubvisa kutonhora kwepasi-kutonhora kwemukati kunetseka;
2. Cold treatment inonyanya kushanda kune alloy steel yakagadzirwa ne compact tools, gauges uye compact parts.
VIII. Kupisa kwemoto kunodzima
Nzira yekushanda:
Neokisijeni - acetylene gasi musanganiswa unopfuta moto, wakapfapfaidzwa pamusoro pezvikamu zvesimbi, kupisa nekukurumidza, kana tembiricha yekudzima inosvika pakarepo mushure mekupfapfaidza kwemvura kutonhora.
Chinangwa: kuvandudza kuoma kwepamusoro, kupfeka kuramba uye kuneta simba kwezvikamu zvesimbi, mwoyo unoramba uchichengetedza kuoma kwehurumende.
Application points:
1. Inonyanya kushandiswa kwepakati-kabhoni simbi zvikamu, kudzika kwakawanda kwekudzima kwe2 kusvika ku6mm;
2. Kune imwechete-chidimbu kana diki batch kugadzirwa kwemahombe workpieces uye kudiwa kwenzvimbo yekudzima kweworkpiece.
Pfumbamwe. Induction kupisa pamusoro kuoma
Operation nzira:
Isai simbi chimedu kupinda inductor, kuti pamusoro pesimbi chimedu kubudisa induction azvino, munguva pfupi chaizvo inopisa kusvika quenching tembiricha, uye ipapo pfapfaidza mvura kutonhora.
Chinangwa: Kuvandudza kuoma kwepamusoro, kupfeka kuramba uye kuneta simba rezvikamu zvesimbi, moyo kuchengetedza kuoma kwehurumende.
Application points:
1. Inonyanya kushandiswa kwepakati kabhoni simbi uye yepakati horo alloy structural simbi zvikamu;
2. Nekuda kwemaitiro eganda, high-frequency induction kuomesa quenching layer inowanzo 1 ~ 2mm, medium-frequency quenching inowanzoita 3 ~ 5mm, high-frequency quenching inowanzopfuura 10mm.
X. Carburizing
Nzira yekushanda:
Zvikamu zvesimbi mukati me carburizing medium, zvinopisa kusvika 900 ~ 950 madhigirii uye zvirambe zvichidziya, kuitira kuti nzvimbo yesimbi iwane kumwe kudzika uye kudzika kweiyo carburizing layer.
Chinangwa:
Kuvandudza kuoma kwepamusoro, kupfeka kuramba uye kuneta simba kwezvikamu zvesimbi, mwoyo unoramba uchichengetedza kuoma kwehurumende.
Application points:
1. Pamusoro pekabhoni ye 0.15% kusvika 0.25% yesimbi yakapfava uye yakaderera alloy simbi zvikamu, kudzika kwakawanda kweiyo carburizing layer ye0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Carburizing inofanira kudzimwa mushure mekuviga, kuitira kuti nzvimbo yacho iite martensite, kuitira kuti iwane chinangwa chekuviga.
XI. Nitriding
Nzira yekushanda:
Kushandiswa kweammonia pa500 ~ 600 madhigirii apo kuparara kweatomu yenitrogen inoshanda, kuitira kuti pamusoro pesimbi izere nenitrogen, kuumbwa kwe nitrided layer.
Chinangwa:
Kuvandudza kuomarara, kupfeka kuramba, kuneta simba uye kushorwa kwekupokana kwesimbi.
Application Points:
Inoshandiswa aluminium, chromium, molybdenum uye zvimwe alloying zvinhu mu kabhoni alloy structural simbi, pamwe kabhoni simbi uye cast iron, general nitriding layer kudzika kwe0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Nitrogen uye carbon co-infiltration
Operation nzira:
Carbonizing uye nitriding pamusoro pesimbi panguva imwe chete.
Chinangwa:
Kuti uvandudze kuomarara, kupfeka kuramba, kuneta simba uye kushorwa kwesimbi kwesimbi.
Application points:
1. Inoshandiswa kune yakaderera kabhoni simbi, yakaderera alloy structural simbi uye mudziyo simbi zvikamu, general nitriding layer kudzika 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Mushure me nitriding, quenching uye yakaderera tembiricha tempering.
Yakaturikirwa neDeepL.com (yemahara vhezheni)
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-08-2024
