I. Ukuhlaziya
Indlela yokusebenza:
Emva kokufudumeza isiqwenga sentsimbi kwiqondo lokushisa le-Ac3 + 30 ~ 50 degrees okanye i-Ac1 + 30 ~ 50 degrees okanye ngaphantsi kwe-Ac1 (ungabonisana nolwazi olufanelekileyo), ngokuqhelekileyo luphola ngokucothayo kunye nobushushu bomlilo.
Injongo:
Ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukwandisa iplastiki, ukuphucula ukusika kunye nokusebenza komatshini woxinzelelo;
Coca ingqolowa, uphucule iimpawu zoomatshini, kwaye ulungiselele inkqubo elandelayo;
Ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswa ngumsebenzi obandayo kunye noshushu.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. Isebenza kwi-alloy structural steel, i-carbon tool steel, i-alloy tool steel, i-high-speed steel forgings, i-weldments kunye nezinto eziluhlaza ezinesimo sokubonelela ngokungafanelekanga;
2. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhutshwa kwimeko enzima.
II. Ukulungelelanisa
Indlela yokusebenza:
Iqhekeza lentsimbi lifudunyezwa ukuya kwi-Ac3 okanye kwi-Acm ngaphezulu kwe-30 ~ 50 degrees, emva kokugquma ukuya kuthi ga kancinane kunomlinganiselo wokupholisa wokupholisa i-annealing.
Injongo:
Ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukuphucula iplastiki, ukuphucula ukusika kunye nokusebenza komatshini woxinzelelo;
Ukucocwa kwengqolowa, ukuphucula iimpawu zoomatshini, ukulungiselela inkqubo elandelayo yokulungiselela;
Ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluveliswa ngumsebenzi obandayo kunye noshushu.
Amanqaku esicelo:
I-normalizing idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-forging, i-welding kunye ne-carburizing iinxalenye zenkqubo yokunyanga kwangaphambili. Kwiimfuno zokusebenza zentsimbi ephantsi kunye nephakathi kwekhabhoni ye-carbon carbon structural steel kunye ne-alloy alloy steel parts, ingasetyenziselwa njengonyango lokugqibela lobushushu. Kwintsimbi ye-alloy ephakathi kunye nephezulu, ukupholisa umoya kunokukhokelela ekucimeni okupheleleyo okanye okuyingxenye, kwaye ke akunakusetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokugqibela yonyango lobushushu.
III. Ukucima
Indlela yokusebenza:
Fudumeza iindawo zentsimbi ngaphezu kweqondo lokutshintsha kwesigaba Ac3 okanye Ac1, ubambe ixesha elithile, uze uphole ngokukhawuleza emanzini, i-nitrate, ioli okanye umoya.
Injongo:
Ukucima ngokuqhelekileyo kukufumana ubunzima obuphezulu be-martensitic umbutho, ngamanye amaxesha kwintsimbi ye-alloy ephezulu (efana nensimbi engenasici, intsimbi yokunxiba) yokucima, kukufumana umbutho omnye we-austenitic ofanayo, ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.
Amanqaku eSicelo:
Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa i-carbon kunye ne-alloy steels kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni omkhulu kune-zero point ezintathu zeepesenti;
Ukucima kunokunika umdlalo opheleleyo kumandla kunye nokunxiba ukuxhathisa amandla entsimbi, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuya kubangela uxinzelelo oluninzi lwangaphakathi, ukunciphisa iplastiki kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo yentsimbi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukucaphuka ukufumana iipropati ezingcono zoomatshini.
IV. Ukufudumeza
Indlela yokusebenza:
Amalungu ensimbi acinyiweyo aphinde afudunyezwe kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-Ac1, emva kokugquma, emoyeni okanye kwioli, amanzi ashushu, ukupholisa amanzi.
Injongo:
Ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi emva kokucima, ukunciphisa i-deformation ye-workpiece kunye nokuqhekeka;
Ukulungelelanisa ubunzima, ukuphucula iplastiki kunye nokuqina, kunye nokufumana iimpawu zomatshini ezifunekayo kumsebenzi;
Zinzise ubungakanani bomsebenzi.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. Gcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokugqoka ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi emva kokucima ngobushushu obuphantsi; ukuze kugcinwe iqondo elithile lokuqina phantsi kweemeko zokuphucula i-elasticity kunye nesivuno samandla ensimbi kunye nobushushu obuphakathi; ukuze kugcinwe iqondo eliphezulu lokuqina kwempembelelo kunye neplastiki yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa kwakhona ube namandla aneleyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu;
2. Insimbi ngokubanzi izama ukuphepha i-230 ~ 280 degrees, i-stainless steel tempering phakathi kwe-400 ~ 450 degrees, kuba eli xesha liya kuvelisa i-embrittlement evuthayo.
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V. Ukuthoba
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa emva kokucima kubizwa ngokuba yi-temperature, oko kukuthi, ukufudumeza iindawo zentsimbi kwiqondo lokushisa eli-10 ukuya kuma-20 aphezulu kunokucima, ubambe ukucima, kwaye emva koko ukufudumala kwiqondo lokushisa lama-400 ukuya kuma-720 degrees.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokusika kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu womatshini;
Ukunciphisa i-deformation kunye nokuqhekeka ngexesha lokucima;
Fumana iipropathi ezilungileyo ezibanzi zoomatshini.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. Kwi-alloy structural steel, i-alloy tool yensimbi kunye ne-high-speed steel kunye nokuqina okuphezulu;
2. Ayinakusetyenziswa kuphela njengeentlobo zesakhiwo esibaluleke ngakumbi sonyango lokugqibela lobushushu, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa njengezinye iindawo eziqinileyo, ezifana nezikrufu kunye nolunye unyango lwangaphambi kokushisa ukunciphisa i-deformation.
VI. Ukuguga
Indlela yokusebenza:
Fudumeza iindawo zentsimbi ukuya kuma-80 ~ 200 degrees, ubambe iiyure ezingama-5 ~ 20 okanye ngaphezulu, uze uphume kunye nesithando somlilo ukuze uphole emoyeni.
Injongo:
Ukuzinzisa umbutho weengxenye zetsimbi emva kokucima, ukunciphisa i-deformation ngexesha lokugcinwa okanye ukusetyenziswa;
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi emva kokucima kunye nokusebenza kokugaya, kunye nokuzinzisa imilo kunye nobukhulu.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. esebenzayo kumabakala ahlukeneyo ensimbi emva kokucima;
2. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwiimfuno zemilo ye-compact workpiece ayisekho utshintsho, njenge-screw compact, izixhobo zokulinganisa, i-chassis yebhedi.
VII. Unyango olubandayo
Indlela yokusebenza:
Iza kucinywa intsimbi, kwiqondo eliphantsi lobushushu eliphakathi (ezifana nomkhenkce owomileyo, initrogen engamanzi) kwindawo yokupholisa ukuya ku-60 ~ -80 degrees okanye ngaphantsi, ubushushu bufana kwaye buhambelana emva kokususa ubushushu obufanayo kwiqondo lokushisa.
Injongo:
1. ukwenzela ukuba yonke into okanye ininzi ye-austenite eseleyo kwiindawo zetsimbi ezicinyiweyo ziguqulelwe kwi-martensite, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ubunzima, amandla, ukuxhatshazwa kunye nomda wokukhathala kweengxenye zetsimbi;
2. Ukuzinzisa umbutho wentsimbi ukuzinzisa imilo kunye nobukhulu beengxenye zetsimbi.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. ukucima intsimbi kufuneka ngokukhawuleza emva konyango olubandayo, kwaye emva koko ubushushu obuphantsi, ukwenzela ukuphelisa ukupholisa okuphantsi koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi;
2. Unyango olubandayo lusebenza kakhulu kwintsimbi ye-alloy eyenziwe ngezixhobo ezidibeneyo, ii-gauges kunye neengxenye ezidibeneyo.
VIII. Idangatye lokufudumeza umphezulu wokucima
Indlela yokusebenza:
Nge-oksijeni - umxube we-acetylene wegesi ovuthayo ovuthayo, utshizwe phezu kwendawo yentsimbi, ukufudumala ngokukhawuleza, xa ubushushu bokucima bufike ngokukhawuleza emva kokupholisa kwamanzi okutshiza.
Injongo: ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye namandla okudinwa kwamalungu entsimbi, intliziyo isagcina ukuqina kombuso.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. Ininzi isetyenziselwa iindawo zetsimbi zekhabhoni, ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo bomgca wokucima we-2 ukuya kwi-6mm;
2. Kwimveliso ye-single-piece okanye ibhetshi encinci yee-workpieces ezinkulu kunye nesidingo sokucima indawo yendawo yokusebenza.
Thoba. I-induction yokufudumala umphezulu wokuqina
Indlela yokusebenza:
Beka isiqwenga sentsimbi kwi-inductor, ukuze umphezulu wentsimbi uvelise i-induction yangoku, kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu elishushu kwiqondo lokushisa lokucima, uze utshize ukupholisa kwamanzi.
Injongo: Ukuphucula ukuqina komphezulu, ukunxiba ukuxhathisa kunye namandla okudinwa kwamalungu entsimbi, intliziyo yokugcina ukuqina kombuso.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwintsimbi ye-carbon ephakathi kunye ne-medium hall alloy structural steel parts;
2. Ngenxa yesiphumo solusu, i-high-frequency induction ukuqina kokucima umaleko jikelele yi-1 ~ 2mm, ukucinywa kwe-medium-frequency quenching ngokubanzi yi-3 ~ 5mm, ukucinywa kwe-high-frequency quenching ngokubanzi kungaphezulu kwe-10mm.
X. Carburizing
Indlela yokusebenza:
Amalungu entsimbi kwindawo yokubeka i-carburizing, ifudunyezwe ukuya kuma-900 ~ 950 degrees kwaye igcine ishushu, ukuze umphezulu wentsimbi ufumane ingxinano ethile kunye nobunzulu bomaleko we-carburizing.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye namandla okudinwa kwamalungu entsimbi, intliziyo isagcina ukuqina kombuso.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. Ngomxholo wekhabhoni we-0.15% ukuya kwi-0.25% yensimbi epholileyo kunye ne-low alloy steel parts, ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo be-carburizing layer ye-0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Ukungcwatywa kwe-carburizing kufuneka kucinywe emva kwe-carburizing, ukwenzela ukuba umphezulu ube yi-martensite, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokungcwaba.
XI. Nitriding
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia kwi-500 ~ 600 degrees xa ukubola kwe-athomu ye-nitrogen esebenzayo, ukwenzela ukuba ubuso bentsimbi buzaliswe nge-nitrogen, ukubunjwa kwe-nitrided layer.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ukuqina, ukumelana nokunxiba, amandla okudinwa kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yentsimbi.
Amanqaku eSicelo:
Isetyenziselwa i-aluminiyam, i-chromium, i-molybdenum kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo kwi-carbon alloy structural steel, kunye ne-carbon steel kunye ne-cast iron, ubunzulu be-nitriding ngokubanzi be-0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. I-nitrogen kunye ne-carbon co-infiltration
Indlela yokusebenza:
I-Carbonizing kunye ne-nitriding kumphezulu wentsimbi ngaxeshanye.
Injongo:
Ukuphucula ukuqina, ukumelana nokunxiba, amandla okukhathala kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yentsimbi.
Amanqaku esicelo:
1. Isetyenziselwa i-carbon steel low, i-alloy low structural iron kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi, ubunzulu be-nitriding layer deep 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Emva kwe-nitriding, ukucima kunye nokushisa okuphantsi kobushushu.
Iguqulelwe nge-DeepL.com (uguqulelo lwasimahla)
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-08-2024
