I. Annealing
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Ka mor'a ho futhumatsa sengoathoana sa tšepe mocheso oa Ac3 + 30 ~ 50 likhato kapa Ac1 + 30 ~ 50 likhato kapa ka tlase ho Ac1 (o ka sheba boitsebiso bo loketseng), hangata e pholile butle ka mocheso oa sebōpi.
Morero:
Fokotsa ho thatafala, eketsa polasetiki, ntlafatsa ho itšeha le khatello ea machining tshebetso;
Hloekisa lijo-thollo, ntlafatsa thepa ea mochine, 'me u itokisetse ts'ebetso e latelang;
Felisa likhatello tsa ka hare tse hlahisoang ke ho sebetsa ha serame le ho chesa.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. E sebetsa ho alloy structural steel, carbon tool steel, alloy tool steel, forgings ya lebelo le phahameng, weldments le lisebelisoa tse tala tse nang le boemo bo sa lokelang;
2. Ka kakaretso e anneal boemong bo thata.
II. Ho tloaeleha
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Sekhechana sa tšepe se futhumatsoa ho Ac3 kapa Acm ka holimo ho likhato tse 30 ~ 50, ka mor'a hore insulation e be kholo ho feta tekanyo ea ho pholisa ea ho pholile ha annealing.
Morero:
Fokotsa ho thatafala, ho ntlafatsa polasetiki, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha le khatello ea mochini;
Ho hloekisoa ha lijo-thollo, ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mochine, bakeng sa ts'ebetso e latelang ea ho itokisetsa;
Felisa likhatello tsa ka hare tse hlahisoang ke ho sebetsa ha serame le ho chesa.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
Normalizing hangata e sebelisoa e le ho forging, welding le carburizing likarolo tsa tšebetso ea pele ho mocheso. Bakeng sa litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso ea tšepe e tlaase le e mahareng ea carbon carbon carbon structural tšepe le likarolo tse tlaase tsa tšepe ea alloy, e ka boela ea sebelisoa e le phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso. Bakeng sa tšepe e tloaelehileng ea motsoako le e phahameng, ho pholisa moea ho ka lebisa ho tima ka ho feletseng kapa ka mokhoa o sa fellang, ka hona ho ke ke ha sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa ho qetela oa phekolo ea mocheso.
III. Ho tima
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Chesa likarolo tsa tšepe ka holim'a mocheso oa phetoho ea mohato Ac3 kapa Ac1, tšoara nako e itseng, ebe u pholile ka potlako metsing, nitrate, oli kapa moea.
Morero:
Ho tima ka kakaretso ho fumana mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa martensitic o thata, ka linako tse ling bakeng sa tšepe e 'ngoe e phahameng ea alloy (joalo ka tšepe e sa jeleng paate, tšepe e sa sebetseng) ho tima, ke ho fumana mokhatlo o le mong oa li-austenitic, e le ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho roala le ho hanyetsa kutu.
Lintlha tsa Kopo:
Ka kakaretso e sebelisoa bakeng sa litšepe tsa carbon le alloy tse nang le khabone e kholo ho feta liperesente tse tharo tsa lintlha;
Ho tima ho ka fana ka papali e felletseng ho matla le ho roala ho hanyetsa bokhoni ba tšepe, empa ka nako e ts'oanang ho tla baka likhatello tse ngata tsa kahare, ho fokotsa polasetiki le ts'ebetso e thata ea tšepe, ka hona hoa hlokahala ho halefa ho fumana thepa e ntle ka kakaretso ea mochini.
IV. Ho halefisa
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Likarolo tsa tšepe tse tingoeng li ile tsa futhumatsa mocheso o ka tlase ho Ac1, ka mor'a ho kenya letsoho, moeeng kapa oli, metsi a chesang, ho pholile ha metsi.
Morero:
Fokotsa kapa u felise khatello ea kelello ea ka hare ka mor'a ho tima, fokotsa deformation ea workpiece le ho senya;
Ho lokisa bothata, ho ntlafatsa polasetiki le ho tiea, le ho fumana thepa ea mochine e hlokahalang bakeng sa mosebetsi;
Tsitsisa boholo ba workpiece.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. Boloka boima bo phahameng le ho roala khanyetso ea tšepe ka mor'a ho tima ka mocheso o tlaase oa mocheso; e le ho boloka tekanyo e itseng ea boima tlas'a maemo a ho ntlafatsa elasticity le ho fana ka matla a tšepe a nang le mocheso o bohareng oa mocheso; e le ho boloka tekanyo e phahameng ea tšusumetso e thata le polasetiki ke eona e ka sehloohong, empa hape e na le matla a lekaneng a nang le mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso;
2. Kakaretso tšepe leka ho qoba likhato 230 ~ 280, tšepe e sa hloekang tempering pakeng tsa 400 ~ 450 likhato, hobane nako ena e tla hlahisa tempering embrittlement.
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V. Ho halefisa
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso ka mor'a ho tima o bitsoa tempering, ke hore, ho futhumatsa likarolo tsa tšepe ho mocheso oa likhato tse 10 ho isa ho tse 20 tse phahameng ho feta tsa quenching, ho o tšoara bakeng sa ho tima, ebe o o futhumatsa ka mocheso oa likhato tse 400 ho isa ho tse 720.
Morero:
Ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha le pheletso ea mochini oa mochini;
Fokotsa deformation le ho phatloha nakong ea ho tima;
Fumana thepa e ntle e felletseng ea mochini.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. Bakeng sa tšepe e entsoeng ka motsoako, tšepe ea lisebelisoa tsa alloy le tšepe e phahameng ea lebelo le boima bo phahameng;
2. ha e khone ho sebelisoa feela e le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mohaho oa bohlokoa oa phekolo ea ho qetela ea mocheso, empa hape e ka sebelisoa e le likarolo tse ling tse thata, tse kang li-screws le phekolo e meng ea pele ho mocheso ho fokotsa deformation.
VI. Ho tsofala
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Chesa likarolo tsa tšepe ho likhato tse 80 ~ 200, tšoara lihora tse 5 ~ 20 kapa nako e telele, ebe u tsoa le sebōpi ho pholile moeeng.
Morero:
Ho tsitsisa mokhatlo oa likarolo tsa tšepe ka mor'a ho tima, fokotsa deformation nakong ea polokelo kapa tšebeliso;
Ho fokotsa khatello ea ka hare ka mor'a ho tima hammoho le ts'ebetso ea ho sila, le ho tsitsisa sebopeho le boholo.
Lintlha tsa ts'ebeliso:
1. e sebetsang ho limaraka tse fapaneng tsa tšepe ka mor'a ho tima;
2. E sebelisoang ka tloaelo ho litlhoko tsa sebopeho sa compact workpiece ha e sa fetoha, joalo ka compact screw, lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya, chassis ea bethe.
VII. Kalafo e batang
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
E tla tima tšepe, sebakeng se tlaase sa mocheso (joalo ka leqhoa le omileng, naetrojene e nang le metsi) ka pholileng ho ea ho -60 ~ -80 likhato kapa ka tlase, mocheso o ts'oana ebile o tsitsitse ka mor'a ho tlosa mocheso o ts'oanang ho mocheso oa kamore.
Morero:
1. e le hore tsohle kapa boholo ba li-austenite tse setseng likarolong tsa tšepe tse tingoeng li fetoleloe ho martensite, ka hona ho eketsa boima, matla, ho hanyetsa le mokhathala oa likarolo tsa tšepe;
2. Ho tsitsisa mokhatlo oa tšepe ho tsitsisa sebopeho le boholo ba likarolo tsa tšepe.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. tšepe quenching e lokela ho ba hang-hang ka mor'a phekolo e batang, 'me joale mocheso o tlaase oa mocheso, e le ho felisa ho pholile ha mocheso oa khatello ea kelello ea ka hare;
2. Kalafo e batang e sebetsa haholo-holo ho tšepe ea alloy e entsoeng ka lisebelisoa tse kopanetsoeng, li-gauge le likarolo tse kopanetsoeng.
VIII. Ho tima lelakabe la ho futhumatsa lelakabe
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Ka oksijene - motsoako oa khase ea acetylene e tukang lelakabe le tukang, le fafalitsoeng holim'a likarolo tsa tšepe, ho futhumala ka potlako, ha mocheso oa ho tima o fihla hang ka mor'a ho pholile ha metsi.
Morero: ho ntlafatsa boima ba bokaholimo, ho roala ho hanyetsa le matla a mokhathala a likarolo tsa tšepe, pelo e ntse e boloka boima ba mmuso.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa likarolo tsa tšepe tse mahareng tsa carbon, botebo bo akaretsang ba lera la quenching la 2 ho ea ho 6mm;
2. Bakeng sa tlhahiso e le 'ngoe kapa e nyenyane ea batch ea li-workpieces tse kholo le tlhokahalo ea quenching ea sebaka sa workpiece.
Robong. Induction futhumatsang holim'a ho thatafala
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Beha tšepe sengoathoana ka inductor, e le hore holim'a tšepe sengoathoana ho hlahisa induction hona joale, ka nako e khutšoanyane haholo halefile ho mocheso quenching, 'me joale fafatsa metsi tsidifatso.
Morero: Ho ntlafatsa boima ba bokaholimo, ho roala ho hanyetsa le matla a mokhathala a likarolo tsa tšepe, pelo ho boloka boima ba mmuso.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa tšepe e mahareng ea k'habone le likarolo tsa tšepe tse mahareng tsa holo;
2. Ka lebaka la phello ea letlalo, sekhahla se phahameng sa induction se thatafatsang ho tima lera ka kakaretso ke 1 ~ 2mm, ho tima maqhubu a mahareng hangata ke 3 ~ 5mm, ho tima maqhubu a phahameng hangata ho feta 10mm.
X. Carburizing
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Likarolo tsa tšepe ka har'a sepakapaka sa carburizing, se futhumetse ho likhato tse 900 ~ 950 'me se lule se futhumetse, e le hore bokaholimo ba tšepe bo fumane mohopolo o itseng le botebo ba lera la carburizing.
Morero:
Ntlafatsa ho thatafala ha holim'a metsi, ho roala ho hanyetsa le matla a mokhathala a likarolo tsa tšepe, pelo e ntse e boloka boima ba naha.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. Bakeng sa dikahare tsa carbon tsa 0.15% ho 0.25% ea tšepe e bonolo le likarolo tse tlaase tsa alloy, botebo bo akaretsang ba lera la carburizing ea 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Carburizing e tlameha ho tima ka mor'a hore ho be le carburizing, e le hore bokaholimo bo be martensite, e le ho finyella morero oa carburizing.
XI. Nitriding
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Tšebeliso ea ammonia ka likhato tse 500 ~ 600 ha ho bola ha liathomo tse sebetsang tsa naetrojene, e le hore holim'a tšepe e tletse naetrojene, ho thehoa ha lera la nitrided.
Morero:
Ntlafatsa ho thatafala, ho hanyetsa ho roala, matla a mokhathala le ho hanyetsa kutu ea bokaholimo ba tšepe.
Lintlha tsa Kopo:
E sebelisoa bakeng sa aluminium, chromium, molybdenum le lintho tse ling tse kopantsoeng ka har'a tšepe ea tšepe ea khabone, hammoho le tšepe ea carbon le tšepe e entsoeng, botebo ba nitriding ka kakaretso ke 0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. Kenyelletso ea naetrojene le khabone
Mokhoa oa ts'ebetso:
Carbonizing le nitriding ka holim'a tšepe ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Morero:
Ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala, ho hanyetsa ho roala, matla a mokhathala le ho hanyetsa kutu ea bokaholimo ba tšepe.
Lintlha tsa kopo:
1. E sebelisoa bakeng sa tšepe e tlaase ea carbon, tšepe e tlaase ea alloy le likarolo tsa tšepe ea lisebelisoa, ka kakaretso lera la nitriding botebo ba 0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Ka mor'a nitriding, quenching le mocheso o tlaase oa mocheso.
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Nako ea poso: Nov-08-2024
