I. Annealing
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ngemva kokushisisa ucezu lwensimbi ezingeni lokushisa elingu-Ac3+30~50 noma Ac1+30~50 degrees noma ngaphansi kwe-Ac1 (ungathintana nolwazi olufanele), ngokuvamile lupholiswa kancane ngezinga lokushisa lomlilo.
Inhloso:
Yehlisa ubulukhuni, ukhuphule ipulasitiki, uthuthukise ukusebenza komshini wokusika nokucindezela;
Hlanza okusanhlamvu, uthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini, futhi ulungiselele inqubo elandelayo;
Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukusebenza okubandayo nokushisayo.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Isebenza ku-alloy structural steel, insimbi yensimbi ye-carbon, insimbi yensimbi ye-alloy, izinsimbi zensimbi ezinesivinini esikhulu, okokushisela nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinesimo sokuhlinzekwa okungafanelekile;
2. Ivamise ukucwila esimweni esinzima.
II. Ukujwayela
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ucezu lwensimbi lushiselwa ku-Ac3 noma ku-Acm ngaphezu kwamadigri angu-30 ~ 50, ngemva kokufakwa kwensimbi ukuze lube likhulu kancane kunezinga lokupholisa lokupholisa kwe-annealing.
Inhloso:
Yehlisa ubulukhuni, uthuthukise ipulasitiki, uthuthukise ukusebenza komshini wokusika nokucindezela;
Ukucwengwa kokusanhlamvu, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini, ukuze kulungiselelwe inqubo elandelayo;
Susa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukusebenza okubandayo nokushisayo.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
I-normalizing ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengengxenye yokubumba, ukushisela kanye ne-carburizing yenqubo yokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokushisa. Ngezidingo zokusebenza zensimbi ephansi nephakathi ye-carbon carbon carbon structural kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ye-alloy ephansi, ingasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokugcina kokushisa. Ngensimbi evamile ye-alloy ephakathi nendawo, ukupholisa umoya kungaholela ekucimeni okuphelele noma okuncane, ngakho-ke ngeke kusetshenziswe njengenqubo yokugcina yokwelapha ukushisa.
III. Ukucisha
Indlela yokusebenza:
Shisisa izingxenye zensimbi ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwesigaba i-Ac3 noma i-Ac1, ubambe isikhathi esithile, bese upholisa ngokushesha emanzini, i-nitrate, uwoyela noma emoyeni.
Inhloso:
Ukucisha ngokuvamile ukuthola ukuqina okuphezulu kwenhlangano ye-martensitic, ngezinye izikhathi ngensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu (njengensimbi engagqwali, insimbi engagugi) ukucisha, kuwukuthola inhlangano eyodwa ye-austenitic efanayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqokwa nokumelana nokugqwala.
Amaphuzu ohlelo lokusebenza:
Ngokujwayelekile isetshenziselwa izinsimbi ze-carbon ne-alloy ezinokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okukhulu kunamaphesenti angama-zero amaphuzu amathathu;
Ukucisha kunganikeza ukudlala okugcwele emandleni namandla okumelana nokugqoka kwensimbi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzodala izingcindezi eziningi zangaphakathi, kunciphise ipulasitiki kanye nomthelela wokuqina kwensimbi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthukuthela ukuze uthole izici ezingcono kakhulu zemishini.
IV. Ukuthukuthela
Indlela yokusebenza:
Izingxenye zensimbi ezicishiwe zifudumale kabusha kuzinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-Ac1, ngemva kokwahlukanisa, emoyeni noma emafutheni, emanzini ashisayo, ukupholisa amanzi.
Inhloso:
Nciphisa noma uqede ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngemva kokucisha, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwe-workpiece nokuqhekeka;
Ukulungisa ubulukhuni, ukuthuthukisa ipulasitiki nokuqina, nokuthola izakhiwo zemishini ezidingekayo emsebenzini;
Zinzisa usayizi we-workpiece.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Gcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka kwensimbi ngemva kokucisha ngokushisa okuphansi kokushisa; ukuze kugcinwe izinga elithile lokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthuthukisa ukuqina nokukhiqiza amandla ensimbi nge-medium-temperature tempering; ukuze kugcinwe izinga eliphezulu lokuqina komthelela kanye ne-plasticity yiyona eyinhloko, kodwa futhi ube namandla anele ngokushisa okuphezulu kokushisa;
2. Insimbi ejwayelekile zama ukugwema ama-230 ~ 280 degrees, insimbi engagqwali ishisa phakathi kwama-degrees angu-400 ~ 450, ngoba lesi sikhathi sizokhiqiza i-embrittlement evuthayo.
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V. Tempering
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukushisa okuphezulu kokushisa ngemva kokucisha kubizwa ngokuthi i-temering, okungukuthi, ukushisa izingxenye zensimbi ekushiseni okungama-degrees angu-10 kuya kwangu-20 ngaphezu kwaleyo yokucisha, ukuyibamba ukuze kucinywe, bese uyishisa ekushiseni kwama-degrees angu-400 kuya kwangu-720.
Inhloso:
Thuthukisa ukusebenza kokusika kanye nokuqedwa kwe-machining surface;
Yehlisa i-deformation kanye nokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sokucisha;
Thola izici ezinhle eziphelele zemishini.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Ngensimbi yesakhiwo se-alloy, insimbi yensimbi ye-alloy kanye nensimbi enesivinini esikhulu enokuqina okuphezulu;
2. hhayi kuphela ingasetshenziswa njengezinhlobonhlobo zesakhiwo esibaluleke kakhulu sokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina, kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezingxenye ezithile eziqinile, njengezikulufi nokunye ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kokushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukubola.
VI. Ukuguga
Indlela yokusebenza:
Shisisa izingxenye zensimbi zibe ama-degree angu-80~200, ubambe amahora angu-5~20 noma ngaphezulu, bese uphuma nesithando somlilo ukuze uphole emoyeni.
Inhloso:
Ukuzinzisa ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye zensimbi ngemuva kokucisha, ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa ngesikhathi sokugcina noma ukusetshenziswa;
Ukunciphisa izingcindezi zangaphakathi ngemuva kokucisha kanye nokusebenza kokugaya, nokuzinzisa ukuma nosayizi.
Amaphuzu okusebenza:
1. esebenza emabangeni ensimbi ahlukahlukene ngemva kokucisha;
2. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezidingweni zesimo se-compact workpiece akusashintshi, njenge-compact screw, amathuluzi okulinganisa, i-chassis yombhede.
VII. Ukwelashwa okubandayo
Indlela yokusebenza:
Izocinywa insimbi, endaweni ephansi yokushisa (njengeqhwa elomile, i-nitrogen ewuketshezi) ekupholiseni ukuya ku--60 ~ -80 degrees noma ngaphansi, izinga lokushisa lifana futhi liyavumelana ngemva kokukhipha izinga lokushisa elilinganayo ekamelweni lokushisa.
Inhloso:
1. ukuze zonke noma eziningi ze-austenite ezisele ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezicishiwe ziguqulelwe ku-martensite, ngaleyo ndlela zikhulise ubulukhuni, amandla, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nomkhawulo wokukhathala wezingxenye zensimbi;
2. Ukuzinzisa inhlangano yensimbi ukuzinzisa ukuma nobukhulu bezingxenye zensimbi.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. ukucisha insimbi kufanele kube ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa okubandayo, bese kuba ukushisa okuphansi, ukuze kuqedwe ukupholisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi;
2. Ukwelashwa okubandayo kusebenza ikakhulukazi ensimbi ye-alloy eyenziwe ngamathuluzi ahlangene, amageji kanye nezingxenye ezihlangene.
VIII. Ukucima indawo yokushisa kwamalangabi
Indlela yokusebenza:
Nge-oxygen - i-acetylene gas ingxube evuthayo ilangabi, elifuthwe phezu kwezingxenye zensimbi, ukushisa okusheshayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lokucisha lifinyelelwa ngokushesha ngemva kokupholisa isifutho samanzi.
Inhloso: ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bobuso, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye namandla okukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi, inhliziyo isalokhu igcina ukuqina kombuso.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni zensimbi enekhabhoni ephakathi, ukujula okujwayelekile kongqimba lokucisha okungu-2 kuya ku-6mm;
2. Ngokukhiqizwa kwe-single-piece noma i-batch encane yama-workpieces amakhulu kanye nesidingo sokucinywa kwendawo ye-workpiece.
Ayisishiyagalolunye. Ukuqina kwendawo yokushisa yokungeniswa
Indlela yokusebenza:
Faka ucezu lwensimbi ku-inductor, ukuze ingaphezulu lensimbi likhiqize wamanje wokungeniswa, esikhathini esifushane kakhulu esishisiswe ekushiseni kokucisha, bese ufafaza ukupholisa kwamanzi.
Inhloso: Ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bobuso, ukumelana nokugqoka namandla okukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi, inhliziyo ukugcina ukuqina kombuso.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu insimbi ye-carbon steel kanye nezingxenye zensimbi zesakhiwo sehholo eliphakathi nendawo;
2. Ngenxa yomphumela wesikhumba, ungqimba olucishayo oluqinisa imvamisa ephezulu luvamise ukuba ngu-1 ~ 2mm, ukucisha imvamisa emaphakathi kuvame ukuba ngu-3 ~ 5mm, ukucisha imvamisa ephezulu kuvame ukudlula u-10mm.
X. Carburizing
Indlela yokusebenza:
Izingxenye zensimbi endaweni ye-carburizing, zishisiswe ku-900 ~ 950 degrees futhi zihlale zifudumele, ukuze indawo yensimbi ithole ukugxila okuthile nokujula kongqimba lwe-carburizing.
Inhloso:
Thuthukisa ubulukhuni bobuso, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye namandla okukhathala kwezingxenye zensimbi, inhliziyo isalokhu igcina ukuqina kombuso.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ka-0.15% kuya ku-0.25% wensimbi emnene kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ye-alloy ephansi, ukujula okuvamile kongqimba lwe-carburizing 0.5 ~ 2.5mm;
2. Ukungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kumele kucinywe ngemva kokungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing, ukuze indawo engaphezulu ibe yi-martensite, ukuze kufezwe inhloso yokungcwaba.
XI. I-Nitriding
Indlela yokusebenza:
Ukusetshenziswa ammonia at 500 ~ 600 degrees lapho ukubola esebenzayo nitrogen athomu, ukuze ebusweni steel ligcwele nitrogen, ukwakheka ungqimba nitrided.
Inhloso:
Thuthukisa ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla okukhathala nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yensimbi.
Amaphuzu ohlelo lokusebenza:
Isetshenziselwa i-aluminium, i-chromium, i-molybdenum nezinye izakhi ze-alloying ku-carbon alloy structural steel, kanye ne-carbon steel ne-cast iron, ukujula kongqimba lwe-nitriding okuvamile okungu-0.025 ~ 0.8mm.
XII. I-nitrogen ne-carbon co-infiltration
Indlela yokusebenza:
I-Carbonizing kanye ne-nitriding ebusweni bensimbi ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Inhloso:
Ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla okukhathala nokumelana nokugqwala kwendawo yensimbi.
Amaphuzu okufaka isicelo:
1. Isetshenziselwa insimbi ekhabhoni ephansi, insimbi yesakhiwo sengxubevange ephansi kanye nezingxenye zensimbi yamathuluzi, ungqimba olujwayelekile lwe-nitriding ukujula okungu-0.02 ~ 3mm;
2. Ngemuva kwe-nitriding, ukucisha kanye nokushisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-08-2024
