CBAM: Nhungamiro Yekunzwisisa iyo Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

CBAM: Kuvandudza Kuita Kwemamiriro ekunze muEU. Ongorora maitiro ayo, bhizinesi maitiro, uye kutengeserana kwepasirese mhedzisiro.

Summary

Singapore inotungamira Southeast Asia mukutonga kwemamiriro ekunze, ichivavarira kuwana zero net 2050 uye zvinangwa zvekuda simba rezuva uye kubudirira kwekuvaka panosvika 2030.
Mitemo inosungirwa kuburitswa kwemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira ISSB-level yekushuma yezvikamu zvine njodzi huru, inosimudzira kubuda pachena pakati pemabhizinesi uye kufambisa shanduko kuenda kuhupfumi hwekabhoni.
Terrascope inobatsira mabhizinesi kuona uye kutonga kuburitsa kabhoni, kuve nechokwadi chekuteedzera, uye kutsigira zvibodzwa zvekusimudzira kuburikidza nedata-inotungamirwa ruzivo.

Nhanganyaya

Mabhizinesi nehurumende vari kuramba vachiona kukosha kwekukurumidzira kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse (GHG). IEuropean Union (EU) mutambi akakosha mukuedza kuderedza kuburitsa kwepasirese, kuita marongero akasiyana siyana nemirau kurerutsira shanduko yakananga kuhupfumi hwekabhoni. Imwe yemitemo ichangoburwa ndeye Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

Chikumbiro cheCBAM inhanho yakakosha yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze zveEU, izvo zvinosanganisira kuderedza kuburitswa kweGHG nechikamu chinosvika 55% panosvika 2030. Chakaunzwa neEuropean Commission muna Chikunguru 2021 uye chakatanga kushanda muna Chivabvu 2023. Mubhuku rino, tichakurukura zvinhu zvakakosha zveCBAM, mashandire ainoita, uye kutengeserana kwayo.

Sei-iyo-EU-Carbon-Adjustment-Mechanism-Ichashanda

Ndezvipi zvinangwa zveCBAM?

Sangano reCBAM rakaumbwa kuti rigadzirise nyaya yekubuda kwecarbon leakage, apo makambani anotamisa mashandiro awo kunyika dzine mitemo ine chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda kuitira kuti asadhure kutevedzera mitemo yemamiriro ekunze kwenyika. Kuchinjisa kugadzirwa kune nyika dzine mwero wakaderera wemamiriro ekunze kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwehutsi hwepasi rose hweGHG. Carbon leakage zvakare inoisa maindasitiri eEU anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yemamiriro ekunze panguva isina kunaka.

EU ine chinangwa chekudzivirira kubuda kwekabhoni kuburikidza nekuita kuti vanotenga kunze vabhadhare mari inobuda ine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinopinzwa muEU. Izvi zvingakurudzira makambani ari kunze kweEU kuti aderedze kuburitsa kabhoni uye shanduko kuenda kuhupfumi hwekabhoni. Makambani aifanira kubhadhara kune yavo kabhoni tsoka zvisinei nekuti mashandiro avo ari kupi. Izvi zvingaita kuti maindasitiri eEU aenderane nemitemo yakaomesesa yemamiriro ekunze eEU uye kudzivirira kuti asakanganiswa nezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinogadzirwa munyika dzine mwero wakaderera wezvakatipoteredza.

Kwete izvi chete, asi CBAM yaizogadzira imwe mari yekuwedzera kuEU, iyo inogona kushandiswa kupa mari kuita kwemamiriro ekunze uye kutsigira shanduko yekuenda kuhupfumi hwakasvibira. Kubva 2026 kusvika 2030, iyo CBAM inotarisirwa kuburitsa mari inofungidzirwa kusvika bhiriyoni imwe pagore paavhareji, kubhajeti reEU.

CBAM: Zvingashanda Sei?

CBAM yaizoda kuti vanopinda munyika vabhadhare mari yekabhoni ine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muEU, vachishandisa nzira yakafanana neyakashandiswa kuvagadziri veEU pasi peEU Emissions Trading System (ETS). CBAM yaizoshanda nekuda kuti vatengesi vanobva kunze kwenyika vatenge zvitupa zvemagetsi kuvhara zvinobuda zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika. Mutengo wezvitupa izvi waizobva pamutengo wekabhoni pasi peETS.

Nzira yemitengo yeCBAM ingangofanana neyeETS, ine zvishoma nezvishoma chikamu-munguva uye kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mukuvharirwa kwezvigadzirwa. Iyo CBAM ichatanga kunyorera kune kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvine kabhoni yakanyanya uye iri panjodzi huru yekudonha kabhoni: simende, iron nesimbi, aluminium, fetireza, magetsi nehydrogen. Chinangwa chenguva refu ndechekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma chiyero cheCBAM kuvhara chikamu chakasiyana. Nguva yekushandura yeCBAM yakatanga musi wa 1 Gumiguru 2023 uye ichaenderera mberi kusvika 1 Ndira 2026, apo hurongwa hwechigarire huchatanga kushanda. Munguva iyi, vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika muchikamu chemitemo mitsva vachangofanira kutaura kuburitswa kweGHG kwakadzikwa muzvinhu zvavanenge vatenga kunze kwenyika (kuburitswa kwakananga kana kusiri kwakananga), pasina kubhadhara chero mari kana kugadzirisa. Chikamu-pashoma-pashoma chaizopa vatengesi nevatengesi kunze nguva yekujairana nehurongwa hutsva uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchinja kwakanaka kuenda kuhupfumi hwekabhoni.

Nekufamba kwenguva, CBAM yaizovhara zvinhu zvese zvinopinzwa kunze muEU zviri pasi peETS. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero chigadzirwa chinoburitsa maGHG panguva yekugadzirwa kwacho chinovharwa, zvisinei nenyika yacho. CBAM ichaonawo kuti vanopinda kunze vanobhadhara mari yekabhoni ine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, izvo zvaizoita kuti makambani aderedze kabhoni uye shanduko yakananga kuhupfumi hwakaderera.

Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zvinosiya kuCBAM. Semuyenzaniso, zvinhu zvinobva kunyika dzakashandisa nzira dzakaenzana dzemitengo yekabhoni zvinoregererwa kubva kuCBAM. Zvakare, vadiki vanopinza kunze uye vanotengesa kunze kwenyika vanowira pasi pechimwe chikumbaridzo vanozoregererwa kubva kuCBAM.

Chii chinogona kuitika cheCBAM?

Chikumbiro cheCBAM chinotarisirwa kuve nekukanganisa kwakakura pamitengo yekabhoni uye kutengesa kwehutsi muEU. Nekuda kuti vanopinda kunze vatenge zvitupa zvekabhoni kuti vavhare kuburitswa kwakabatana nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinobva kunze kwenyika, CBAM yaizogadzira kutsva kwezvitupa zvekabhoni uye zvichigona kuwedzera mutengo wekabhoni muETS. Panyaya iyi, CBAM inotarisirwa kubatsira mukuderedza kusvibiswa kweGHG uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Nekudaro, kukanganisa kweCBAM pane zvakatipoteredza kwaizoenderana nemutengo wekabhoni uye kufukidzwa kwezvigadzirwa.

Mhedzisiro yeCBAM pakutengeserana nedzimwe nyika uye zvibvumirano zvemamiriro ekunze hazvisati zvanyatsojeka. Dzimwe nyika dzati dziri kutyira kuti CBM inogona kutyora zviga zveWorld Trade Organisation (WTO). Zvakadaro, EU yakataura kuti CBAM inotevedzera zvizere mitemo yeWTO uye inofambirana nemisimboti yekukwikwidza kwakanaka uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, CBAM inogona kukurudzira dzimwe nyika kuti dzishandise nzira dzadzo dzemitengo yekabhoni uye kubatsira mukuedza kwepasirese kuderedza kuburitswa kweGHG uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, CBAM inomiririra danho rakakosha rekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze eEU uye kuve nechokwadi chedanho rekutamba remaindasitiri eEU. Nekudzivirira kubuda kwekabhoni uye kukurudzira makambani kuti aderedze kabhoni, CBAM yaizosimudzira kushanda kwekuedza kweEU kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kubatsira mukuedza kwepasirese kudzikisa kuburitswa kweGHG uye kudzikisira kukanganisa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Nekudaro, kukanganisa kweCBAM pamitengo yekabhoni, kutengeserana kwehutsi, kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, uye zvakatipoteredza zvaizoenderana neruzivo rwekuita kwayo uye mhinduro yedzimwe nyika nevatambi.

Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-06-2025