I-CBAM: Umhlahlandlela Wokuqonda Indlela Yokulungisa I-Carbon Border

I-CBAM: Ukuguqula Isenzo Sesimo Sezulu e-EU. Hlola izici zayo, umthelela webhizinisi, nemiphumela yohwebo yomhlaba.

Isifinyezo

I-Singapore ihola iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ekulawuleni isimo sezulu, ihlose ukuthola u-zero ngo-2050 kanye nezinhloso zokuvelela zamandla elanga nokusebenza kahle kokwakha ngo-2030.
Imithethonqubo yokudalulwa kwesimo sezulu eyisibopho, okuhlanganisa nokubikwa kwezinga le-ISSB emikhakheni esengozini enkulu, ikhuthaza ukubeka izinto obala phakathi kwamabhizinisi futhi yenza kube lula ukushintshela emnothweni wekhabhoni ephansi.
I-Terrascope isiza amabhizinisi ukuthi abone ngeso lengqondo futhi alawule ukukhishwa kwawo kwekhabhoni, aqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho, futhi asekele imigomo yokusimama ngokusebenzisa imininingwane eqhutshwa idatha.

Isingeniso

Amabhizinisi nohulumeni baya ngokuya besibona isidingo esiphuthumayo sokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya (GHG). I-European Union (i-EU) ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile emizamweni yokunciphisa ukungcola emhlabeni wonke, isebenzisa izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo ehlukahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuguqukela emnothweni wekhabhoni ephansi. Omunye wemithetho yakamuva yiCarbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).

Isiphakamiso se-CBAM siyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokufinyelela imigomo yesimo sezulu ye-EU, ehlanganisa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-GHG okungenani ngo-55% ngo-2030. Sethulwe yiKhomishini YaseYurophu ngoJulayi 2021 futhi saqala ukusebenza ngoMeyi 2023. Kule bhulogi, sizoxoxa ngezici ezibalulekile ze-CBAM, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, kanye nomthelela wayo ongase ube khona emabhizinisini.

Izosebenza kanjani-i-EU-Carbon-Adjustment-Mechanism-Izosebenza

Yiziphi izinjongo ze-CBM?

I-CBAM yakhelwe ukubhekana nenkinga yokuvuza kwekhabhoni, okuyilapho izinkampani zithuthela imisebenzi yazo emazweni anemithetho exegayo yezemvelo ukuze zigweme izindleko zokulandela imigomo yesimo sezulu samazwe azo. Ukushintsha umkhiqizo uye emazweni anezinga eliphansi lesimo sezulu kungaholela ekwenyukeni kokukhishwa kwe-GHG emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuvuza kwekhabhoni nakho kubeka izimboni ze-EU okufanele zihambisane nezinqubomgomo zesimo sezulu esimweni esingesihle.

I-EU ihlose ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwekhabhoni ngokwenza abangenisa kwamanye amazwe bakhokhele ukukhishwa okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezingeniswa e-EU. Lokhu kuzogqugquzela izinkampani ezingaphandle kwe-EU ukuthi zehlise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yazo kanye nokuguqukela emnothweni wekhabhoni ephansi. Izinkampani kuzodingeka zikhokhele i-carbon footprint yazo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imisebenzi yazo ikuphi. Lokhu kungalinganisa inkundla ezimbonini ze-EU okufanele zithobele izinqubomgomo zesimo sezulu eziqinile ze-EU futhi kuvinjwe ukuthi zingancishiswa ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezikhiqizwa emazweni anezindinganiso eziphansi zemvelo.

Hhayi lokhu kuphela, kodwa i-CBAM izokwakha umthombo wemali owengeziwe we-EU, ongasetshenziselwa ukuxhasa ngezimali ukusebenza kwesimo sezulu kanye nokweseka ukuguqukela emnothweni oluhlaza. Kusukela ngo-2026 kuya ku-2030, i-CBM kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize imali engenayo elinganiselwa ku-€ 1 billion ngonyaka ngokwesilinganiso, kusabelomali se-EU.

I-CBAM: Izosebenza Kanjani?

I-CBAM izodinga abathekelisi ukuthi bakhokhele ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezingeniswa e-EU, kusetshenziswa indlela efanayo naleyo esetshenziswa kubakhiqizi be-EU ngaphansi kwe-EU Emissions Trading System (ETS). I-CBAM izosebenza ngokudinga abangenisa kwamanye amazwe ukuthi bathenge izitifiketi ze-elekthronikhi zokuvala ukukhishwa okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ezingenisiwe. Intengo yalezi zitifiketi izosuselwa enanini lekhabhoni ngaphansi kwe-ETS.

Indlela yokubeka intengo ye-CBM izofana neye-ETS, nenkathi yokungena kancane kancane kanye nokwenyuka kancane kancane kokufakwa kwemikhiqizo. I-CBAM izoqale isebenze ekuthengisweni kwempahla edla ikhabhoni eningi futhi esengozini enkulu yokuvuza kwekhabhoni: usimende, insimbi nensimbi, i-aluminium, umanyolo, ugesi, ne-hydrogen. Inhloso yesikhathi eside ukukhulisa kancane kancane ububanzi be-CBAM ukuze ihlanganise imikhakha eyahlukene. Isikhathi senguquko se-CBAM saqala ngomhlaka-1 Okthoba 2023 futhi sizoqhubeka kuze kube umhla lu-1 kuJanuwari 2026, lapho uhlelo oluhlala njalo luqala ukusebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi, abangenisi bezimpahla ezingeni lemithetho emisha kuyodingeka babike kuphela ukukhishwa kwe-GHG okugxiliswe ekuthengisweni kwabo ngaphandle (ukukhishwa okuqondile nokungaqondile), ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izinkokhelo zezezimali noma ukulungiswa. Isigaba sokungena kancane kancane sizonikeza abathekelisa nabathumela ngaphandle isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nohlelo olusha futhi kuqinisekiswe uguquko olungenazihibe oluya emnothweni wekhabhoni ephansi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-CBM izokhokhela zonke izimpahla ezingeniswa e-EU ezingaphansi kwe-ETS. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umkhiqizo okhipha ama-GHG ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kwawo uzokhavwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udabuka kuliphi izwe. I-CBAM izophinde iqinisekise ukuthi abathenga kwamanye amazwe bayayikhokhela intuthu yekhabhoni ehambisana nokukhiqizwa kwempahla engenisiwe, okuzodala ugqozi ezinkampanini ukuthi zehlise izinga lekhabhoni kanye nokuguqukela emnothweni onekhabhoni ephansi.

Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile ku-CBAM. Isibonelo, ukungenisa okuvela emazweni asebenzise izindlela ezifanayo zokubeka amanani ekhabhoni kuzokhishwa ku-CBM. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abangenisi abancane nabathumela ngaphandle abangena ngaphansi komkhawulo othile nabo bazokhululwa ku-CBM.

Uyini umthelela ongaba khona we-CBM?

Isiphakamiso se-CBAM kulindeleke ukuthi sibe nomthelela omkhulu entengo yekhabhoni nasekuhwebeni kwe-emissions e-EU. Ngokudinga abangenisa kwamanye amazwe ukuthi bathenge izitifiketi zekhabhoni ukuze bakhave ukukhishwa okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwempahla engenisiwe, i-CBAM izodala isidingo esisha sezitifiketi zekhabhoni futhi inyuse intengo yekhabhoni ku-ETS. Mayelana nalokhu, i-CBAM kulindeleke ukuthi ifake isandla ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwe-GHG futhi inciphise imithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, umthelela we-CBAM endaweni ezungezile uzoncika enanini lekhabhoni kanye nokumbozwa kwemikhiqizo.

Umthelela we-CBM ezivumelwaneni zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nesimo sezulu awukaqiniseki. Amanye amazwe azwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi iCBAM ingase yephule imigomo yeWorld Trade Organisation (WTO). Kodwa-ke, i-EU isishilo ukuthi i-CBM ihambisana ngokugcwele nemithetho ye-WTO futhi ihambisana nemigomo yokuncintisana okunobulungiswa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CBAM ingase ikhuthaze amanye amazwe ukuthi asebenzise izindlela zawo zokubeka amanani ekhabhoni futhi afake isandla emzamweni womhlaba wonke wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-GHG kanye nokunciphisa imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, i-CBAM imele isinyathelo esibalulekile ekufinyeleleni izinjongo zesimo sezulu ze-EU kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni ze-EU zidlala indima efanayo. Ngokuvimbela ukuvuza kwekhabhoni kanye nokukhuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zehlise izinga lekhabhoni, i-CBAM izothuthukisa ukuphumelela kwemizamo yokunciphisa ukungcola kwe-EU futhi ifake isandla emzamweni womhlaba wonke wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-GHG futhi inciphise imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Nokho, umthelela we-CBAM emananini entengo yekhabhoni, ukuhweba ngezinto ezikhishwayo, uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nemvelo uzoncika emininingwaneni yokuqaliswa kwayo kanye nokusabela kwamanye amazwe nababambiqhaza.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-06-2025