Mbere gato ya Noheli, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yatangaje ko yatangiye iperereza ryo kurwanya imyanda (2020/C 442/06) ku byuma bimwe na bimwe bifunga ibyuma byatumijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa.
Ibicuruzwa biri gukorwaho iperereza ubu bishyizwe mu byiciro bya CN codes 7318 12 90, 7318 14 91, 7318 14 99, 7318 15 58, 7318 15 68, 7318 15 82, 7318 15 88, ex 7318 15 95 (TARIC codes 7 19 na 7318 15 15 95 89), ex 7318 21 00 (Taric Codes 7318 21 00 31, 7318210039,7318210095 na and7318210098) na ex 7318 22 00 (Taric Codes 7318 22 00 31, 7318 22 00 39, 7318 22, 7318 222.7318 222, 222, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318, 7318 222.7318 222, 222 7318 2 ...
Ikinyamakuru Fastener + Fixing cyatumiye Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakwirakwiza Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Ikoranabuhanga mu Burayi (EFDA), rihagarariye abatumiza n’abatanga ibikoresho by’inganda mu Burayi hose, hamwe n’Ikigo cy’Ikoranabuhanga mu by’Ikoranabuhanga mu Burayi (EIFI), ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi ryemewe mu Burayi rikorera abakora ibikoresho byo kumesa, imbuto, bolts, vis, rivets n’ibindi bikoresho by’ubukanishi - Tanga ingingo igaragaza ibitekerezo by’abanyamuryango bayo ku bushakashatsi.
EIFI yanze icyo cyifuzo kandi ntacyo yavuze ku iperereza ryakozwe. Ariko, EFDA itanga ingingo zikurikira:
Ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2020, Komisiyo y'Uburayi yasohoye "Itangazo ku ishyirwaho ry'uburyo bwo kurwanya imyuka ijugunywa mu mahanga ku bifunga bimwe na bimwe by'ibyuma byakorewe muri Repubulika y'Abaturage y'Ubushinwa". Umusoro wa 85 ku ijana wo kurwanya imyuka ijugunywa mu 2009 waba usa n'aho uzwi cyane. Iyi gahunda yibukwa neza n'abitabiriye bose: muri Gashyantare 2016, WTO yakuyeho imisoro mu buryo butunguranye nyuma y'uko Ubushinwa butanze ikirego kandi bugafata icyemezo cy'uko ingamba z'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi zinyuranyije n'amategeko ya WTO.
Ukurikije uko EFDA ibibona, ikibazo gikomeye mu kirego cy’inganda z’ibizimyamwoto zo mu Burayi (EIFI) ni uko ibyangiritse byinshi byakorewe inganda z’ibizimyamwoto zo mu Burayi mu myaka ya vuba aha byatewe n’iterambere ritari mu Bushinwa. Guhera mu 2019, imiterere y’ibyo zitumiza yatangiye kwangirika bitewe n’uko hakenewe ibizimyamwoto bito biva mu nganda zikomeye z’abakiriya, cyane cyane inganda zikora imodoka nke. Ubushobozi bw’umusaruro bwakusanyijwe mu nganda mu myaka mike ishize ntibushobora gukoreshwa, ndetse hari n’ibigo bimwe na bimwe bihomba, kandi bimwe muri byo bishobora gukomeza gukora bifite inyungu ihagije.
Hamwe n'igihe cy'iperereza kizaba kuva ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2019 kugeza ku ya 30 Kamena 2020 n'igihe kijyanye no gusuzuma ibyangiritse ku nganda z'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2017 kugeza ku irangizwa ry'iperereza rizagenwa na Komisiyo, Icyorezo cya Covid-19 mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'ubumwe bw'u Burayi kizongera ireme rishya ku bintu bibi bisuzuma uko ubukungu bw'inganda z'ubumwe bw'u Burayi buhagaze ubu.
EFDA ihangayikishijwe cyane n'uko ingamba zo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa mu Burayi zishobora guhungabanya imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa mu gihe gikomeye aho inganda zigomba kwibanda ku kwimuka nyuma y'icyorezo cya Covid-19 kugira ngo zirinde imirimo kandi zikomeze guhangana ku isi. Icyorezo cya coronavirus cyagize ingaruka ku miyoboro y'ibicuruzwa mu Burayi, cyane cyane mu byumweru bishize kuko ibura ry'amakontenari yo gutwara ibicuruzwa ku isi ryateje gutinda cyane kuzana ibicuruzwa ku masoko y'i Burayi. Ndetse no gutangaza gusa iperereza ku ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa mu buryo butunguranye bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku miyoboro y'ibicuruzwa. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba gusuzuma niba bashobora kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mbere y'uko imisoro itangwa, bakabigura ku isoko risanzwe rito ry'ibicuruzwa, kandi bagasobanurira abaguzi ko, uretse igitutu gikomeye ku biciro by'imizigo n'ibikoresho fatizo, bazongera kwiyongera.
Bafite uruhare runini mu isonga ry’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, abakwirakwiza ibikoresho by’inganda mu Burayi bahuza inganda n’ubwubatsi mu Burayi butari inganda nto. Bagizwe ahanini n’abakwirakwiza ibikoresho bito n’ibiciriritse, batanga ibikoresho bitandukanye by’inganda n’ibikoresho by’inganda birenga 130.000, bafite imigabane irenga miliyari 2 z’amayero, bakoresha abakozi barenga 44.000, amafaranga yose hamwe akaba miliyari 10 z’amayero ku mwaka.
Ariko, iyi mibare irushaho kwiyongera iyo bigeze ku bakoresha ibikoresho byo gufunga biva mu mahanga. Inganda zikomeye zo mu Burayi nk'iz'imodoka, ubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, imashini zoroheje n'iziremereye, ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, gukora ibintu byo mu rugo n'ubukorikori bishingiye ku miyoboro y'ibikoresho byo gufunga ku isi icungwa kandi igahuzwa n'abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, abacuruza ibikoresho byinshi n'abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa. Komisiyo niramuka ifashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho imisoro yo kurwanya gutakaza ibicuruzwa, izi n'izindi nganda nyinshi zizagira ibiciro biri hejuru by'ibikoresho byo gufunga, kuko abacuruzi b'ibikoresho byo gufunga mu Burayi bazagomba guha abakiriya babo ikiguzi cyo hejuru cy'ibikoresho byo gufunga biva mu mahanga.
Izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa by'inyongera si ryo ryonyine rigira ingaruka mbi ku misoro yo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa by'inyongera ku bicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa ku irushanwa mpuzamahanga no ku musaruro w'inganda z'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Imisoro izashyira mu kaga ibicuruzwa biva mu Muryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi kuko byinshi mu bicuruzwa by'inyongera biva mu Bushinwa kandi ibindi bihugu ntibifite ubushobozi bwo kubikora. Ku matsinda amwe n'amwe y'ibicuruzwa bitaboneka ahandi muri Aziya cyangwa i Burayi, Ubushinwa buzakomeza kuba isoko ryonyine ry'ibicuruzwa. Imisoro yo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa by'inyongera izagira ingaruka zitaziguye zo kuzamura ibiciro. Bitewe n'ubushobozi buke bwo gukora mu bihugu bya Aziya, birashoboka gusa kwimukira mu bindi bihugu bya Aziya ku giciro kiri hejuru. Mu bihugu nka Tayiwani na Vietnam, ibyo bicuruzwa ni bike bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe muri Amerika, ingaruka zitaziguye z'uko politiki y'ubucuruzi ya Trump yananiwe kurinda. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'imisoro yo kurinda ibicuruzwa by'inyongera bya Amerika ku bicuruzwa by'inyongera, amasosiyete yo muri Amerika agomba gushaka ibicuruzwa mu bindi bihugu bya Aziya.
Amaherezo, abacuruza ibikoresho byo mu Burayi ntibabona impamvu yo kwitega ko inganda zo mu Burayi zizasimbuza isoko ry’Ubushinwa riri kugenda rishira n’ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu, kuko ibice bisanzwe bitakorerwa mu Burayi. Ibicuruzwa bikubiye mu mategeko ya CN bikubiye mu ngingo birimo ibice bisanzwe n’ibice byihariye. Mu gihe kirekire, inganda zo mu Burayi zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “fabricant” zibanze cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro, byakozwe ku giti cyazo aho kuba ibikoresho bisanzwe, kandi byibanda ku nganda nini, ziciriritse cyangwa ku buryo buke bwo gukora ibintu. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bitumizwa muri Aziya kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu nganda no mu baturage ntibikorerwa mu Burayi na gato. Ibi ntibizahinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita kuko ingamba zo kurinda ubucuruzi zidashobora "gusubiza inyuma igihe". Amateka yagaragaje ko imisoro yo kurwanya itaka ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bitagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Ibi byagaragaye ubwo, mu 2009, hashyirwaho imisoro yo kurwanya itaka ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa bifite imisoro irenze urugero ya 85%, byatumye ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu gihugu bihagarikwa burundu. Ariko, aho gushora imari mu gukora ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gake, inganda zo mu Burayi zibanze kandi zishora imari mu gukora ibikoresho bifite agaciro gake. Ubwo ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa byakumirwaga, icyifuzo cyagiye kijya mu zindi sosiyete zikomeye zo muri Aziya. Nta sosiyete n'imwe - yaba uruganda, umushoramari cyangwa umuguzi - yungukiye ku misoro yo mu 2009-2016, ariko nyinshi zagize ingaruka mbi zikomeye.
Abakwirakwiza ibikoresho byo gufunga ibicuruzwa hirya no hino mu Burayi biyemeje gukumira amakosa nk'ayo Komisiyo y'Uburayi yakoze mu bihe byashize ku bijyanye no gufunga ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. EFDA yiteze ko Komisiyo izazirikana impande zose - abakora ibicuruzwa, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n'abaguzi. Niba ari uko bimeze, nta gushidikanya ko tuzabona umusaruro mwiza muri icyo gikorwa. EFDA n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo bishyiriyeho amahame yo hejuru cyane.
Will yinjiye muri Fastener + Fixing Magazine mu 2007 kandi mu myaka 15 ishize yagiye ahura n’ibice byose by’inganda zikora akazi ko gufunga ibikoresho – aganira n’abantu bakomeye mu nganda ndetse asura ibigo bikomeye n’amamurikagurisha hirya no hino ku isi.
Will acunga ingamba zo kwandika ibikubiye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zose kandi ni umuvugizi w’ibipimo by’ubuhanga bizwi cyane by’ikinyamakuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2022
