Igisobanuro cy’inkoranyamagambo cy’inkubi y’umuyaga utunganye ni “uruvange rudasanzwe rw’ibintu byihariye hamwe bigatera ingaruka mbi cyane”. Ubu, iyi mvugo igaruka buri munsi mu nganda zikora imashini zifunga, bityo hano muri Fastener + Fixing Magazine twatekereje ko twagombye gusuzuma niba bifite ishingiro.
Birumvikana ko icyorezo cya coronavirus n'ibindi byose bijyana nacyo. Ku ruhande rwiza, icyifuzo mu nganda nyinshi kirimo kwiyongera byibuze, kandi mu bihe byinshi kirimo kwiyongera cyane, mu gihe ubukungu bwinshi bukize nyuma y'inzitizi za Covid-19. Ibi byabaho igihe kirekire kandi ubukungu bukibasiwe cyane na virusi bugatangira kuzamuka mu rwego rwo kwiyubaka.
Aho ibi byose bitangira gukemuka ni uruhande rw'ibicuruzwa, rureba hafi buri nganda zikora, harimo n'ibifunga. Aho gutangirira? Gukora ibikoresho fatizo by'icyuma; kuboneka n'igiciro cy'icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose n'ibindi byuma byinshi? Kuboneka n'ikiguzi cy'imizigo ku isi? Kuboneka kw'abakozi? Ingamba z'ubucuruzi bwo kugabanya amafaranga?
Ubushobozi bw'icyuma ku isi ntibujyanye n'ubwiyongere bw'abasaba. Uretse Ubushinwa, ubwo Covid-19 yageraga bwa mbere, ubushobozi bw'icyuma bugomba kuba bwaratinze kugaruka kuri interineti nyuma yo gufungwa kwagutse. Nubwo hari ibibazo ku bijyanye no kumenya niba inganda z'icyuma zirimo kugaruka kugira ngo ibiciro bizamuke, nta gushidikanya ko hari impamvu z'imiterere y'iki gihe. Gufunga itanura riturika biragoye, kandi kongera kuritangiza bifata igihe kinini n'imbaraga nyinshi.
Ibi kandi ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho ubusabe buhagije kugira ngo ibikorwa byo gukora bikomeze gukorwa amasaha 24/7. Mu by'ukuri, umusaruro w'ibyuma bivangwa ku isi wiyongereye ugera kuri toni 487 mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021, hafi 10% hejuru ugereranije n'igihe nk'icyo mu mwaka ushize wa 2020, mu gihe umusaruro mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2020 wari umeze nk'uko byari bimeze mu gihe nk'icyo mu mwaka ushize1 - bityo hari ukwiyongera nyako k'umusaruro. Ariko, uku kwiyongera ntikwari guhwanye. Umusaruro muri Aziya wiyongereyeho 13% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021, ahanini yerekeza ku Bushinwa. Umusaruro w'ibihugu by'Uburayi wazamutseho 3.7% ukurikije umwaka, ariko umusaruro wo muri Amerika ya Ruguru wagabanutseho ibirenze 5%. Ariko, ubusabe ku isi bukomeje kurenga ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa, hamwe n'izamuka ry'ibiciro. Ikindi cyabangamiye mu buryo bwinshi ni uko igihe cyo gutanga ibikoresho cyari kinini kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere, none ubu kikaba kirenze ibyo, niba hari uburyo bwo kubikoresha.
Uko umusaruro w’ibyuma wiyongeraga, ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho fatizo cyariyongereye cyane. Mu gihe twandikaga iyi nkuru, ikiguzi cy’amabuye y’agaciro cyarenze urwego rwo mu 2011 kigera ku madolari 200 kuri toni. Ikiguzi cy’amakara yo guteka n’icy’ibyuma bishaje nabyo byarazamutse.
Inganda nyinshi zo gufunga ibikoresho hirya no hino ku isi zanga kwakira ibyo zategetse ku giciro icyo ari cyo cyose, ndetse n’abakiriya basanzwe bakomeye, kuko badashobora kurinda insinga. Igihe cyo gutanga umusaruro muri Aziya gisanzwe ni amezi 8 kugeza ku 10 iyo itegeko ryemejwe, nubwo twumvise ingero zimwe na zimwe z’igihe kirenga umwaka.
Indi mpamvu ikomeje kuvugwa ni ibura ry'abakozi bakora mu musaruro. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ibi biterwa n'icyorezo cya coronavirus gikomeje kwiyongera cyangwa imbogamizi, aho Ubuhinde bukunze kwibasirwa cyane. Ariko, ndetse no mu bihugu bifite umubare muto cyane w'abandura, nka Tayiwani, inganda ntizishobora guha akazi abakozi bahagije, baba abahanga cyangwa abandi, kugira ngo bahaze ibyifuzo byiyongera. Tuvuze kuri Tayiwani, umuntu wese ukurikira inkuru y'ibura ry'ibikoresho bya semiconductor ku isi azamenya ko iki gihugu kirimo guhura n'amapfa atigeze agaragara yagize ingaruka ku nganda zose.
Ingaruka ebyiri ni ngombwa kuzirinda. Inganda n'abacuruza ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "fastener" ntibashobora kwihanganira izamuka ry'ibiciro ririho ubu—niba bashaka kubaho nk'abacuruzi—bagomba kwiyongera cyane mu giciro. Ubuke bw'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "fastener" mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bitangwa ubu busanzwe. Umucuruzi mu bucuruzi buciriritse aherutse kwakira amakontena arenga 40 y'amakuru - abarenga bibiri bya gatatu bari basubitswe kandi ntibishoboka kumenya igihe ibindi bikoresho bizakirwa.
Hanyuma, birumvikana ko hari inganda zitwara imizigo ku isi, zimaze amezi atandatu zihura n’ibura rikomeye ry’amakontenari. Gukira vuba kw’Ubushinwa nyuma y’icyorezo byateje ikibazo, cyarushijeho kwiyongera bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’abantu mu gihe cya Noheli. Icyorezo cya coronavirus cyaje kugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa ry’amakontenari, cyane cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru, bituma amasanduku agaruka uko yari asanzwe amera. Mu ntangiriro za 2021, igipimo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa cyari cyikubye kabiri—hari igihe kimwe cyari gikubye inshuro esheshatu ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize. Mu ntangiriro za Werurwe, itangwa ry’amakontenari ryari ryariyongereyeho gato kandi igipimo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa cyari cyaragabanutse.
Kugeza ku ya 23 Werurwe, ubwato bwa metero 400 bw’amakontenari bwamaze iminsi itandatu ku muyoboro wa Suez. Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho bitari birebire cyane, ariko bishobora gufata amezi agera ku icyenda kugira ngo inganda zitwara amakontenari ku isi zishobore kuvugurura burundu. Amato manini cyane y’amakontenari ubu anyura mu nzira nyinshi, nubwo yagabanutse kugira ngo azigame lisansi, ashobora kurangiza "ingendo" enye gusa mu mwaka. Bityo rero gutinda kw'iminsi itandatu, hamwe n'umubyigano w'ibyambu udashobora kwirindwa ubijyana, bituma ibintu byose bitagenda neza. Amato n'amasanduku ubu byabuze aho bijya.
Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, habayeho imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana inganda z'ubwikorezi zigabanya ubushobozi bwo kongera ibiciro by'imizigo. Birashoboka ko ari ko bimeze. Ariko, raporo iheruka igaragaza ko munsi ya 1% by'amato y'ubwato ku isi ari ubusa muri iki gihe. Amato mashya manini arimo gutumwa - ariko ntazatangira gukoreshwa kugeza mu 2023. Kuboneka kw'amato ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo bivugwa ko aya mazi arimo kwimura amato mato yo ku nkombe z'inyanja mu nzira zo mu nyanja nini, kandi hari impamvu yumvikana - niba Ever Given idahagije - yo kwemeza ko amato yawe afite ubwishingizi.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibiciro by'imizigo biriyongera kandi bigaragaza ibimenyetso byo kurenga agace k'aga ...
Ese twavuze ingaruka z’amategeko? Perezida Trump yashyizeho imisoro ya Amerika "Ingingo ya 301" ku bikoresho byo gufunga n’ibindi bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu Bushinwa. Perezida mushya Joe Biden kugeza ubu yahisemo gukomeza imisoro nubwo nyuma y’aho WTO yemeje ko imisoro inyuranyije n’amategeko y’ubucuruzi ku isi. Uburyo bwose bwo gucuruza buhindura amasoko - nibyo byagenewe, nubwo akenshi bikagira ingaruka zitari ziteganijwe. Izi misoro zatumye amategeko manini ya Amerika yo gufunga ibyuma ava mu Bushinwa ajya mu yandi masoko yo muri Aziya, harimo na Vietnam na Tayiwani.
Mu Kuboza 2020, Komisiyo y'Uburayi yatangije inzira zo kurwanya imyuka ijugunywa ku byuma bivanwa mu Bushinwa. Iki kinyamakuru ntigishobora kwemeza ibyavuye muri iyo komite mbere y'igihe - "gutangaza mbere y'igihe" ingamba zayo z'agateganyo bizatangazwa muri Kamena. Ariko, kuba hari iperereza bivuze ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bazi neza urwego rw'imisoro rwa 85% ku byuma bihambira kandi batinya gutanga amabwiriza aturutse mu nganda z'Abashinwa, ashobora kuza nyuma ya Nyakanga, igihe ingamba z'agateganyo ziteganijwe gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Ku rundi ruhande, inganda z'Abashinwa zanze kwakira amabwiriza kubera gutinya ko azahagarikwa niba ingamba zo kurwanya imyuka ijugunywa zishyizweho.
Kubera ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika bamaze kubona ubushobozi bwo gushora imari ahandi muri Aziya, aho ibikoresho by'icyuma ari ingenzi cyane, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu by'i Burayi bafite amahitamo make cyane. Ikibazo ni uko amategeko agenga ingendo za coronavirus yatumye igenzura ry’abatanga ibicuruzwa bashya ritashoboka kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge n’ubushobozi bwo gukora ibicuruzwa.
Noneho shyira commande mu Burayi. Ntabwo byoroshye cyane. Nk’uko raporo zibivuga, ubushobozi bwo gukora fasteners zo mu Burayi burarenze urugero, nta bikoresho by’ibanze bihari. Uburinzi bw’ibyuma, bushyiraho imipaka ku nsinga n’imirongo bitumizwa mu mahanga, bunagabanya ubushobozi bwo kubona insinga ziturutse hanze y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Twumvise ko igihe cyo gutanga commande ku nganda zo mu Burayi (dufashe ko ziteguye kwakira commande) kiri hagati y’amezi 5 na 6.
Vuga muri make ibitekerezo bibiri. Mbere na mbere, hatitawe ku mategeko agenga ingamba zo kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’ibipfunyika byo mu Bushinwa, igihe ntikizaba kibi kurushaho. Niba hashyizweho imisoro myinshi nk'uko byagenze mu 2008, ingaruka zizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zikoresha ibipfunyika byo mu Burayi. Ikindi gitekerezo ni ukuzirikana gusa akamaro nyakuri k’ibipfunyika. Si ku bantu bakunda ubu buhanga buciriritse gusa, ahubwo no ku bantu bose bakora mu nganda zikoresha ibipfunyika - twavuga ko - akenshi basuzugura kandi bakabifata nk'ibisanzwe. Ibipfunyika akenshi bibara kimwe ku ijana by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa cyangwa imiterere byarangiye. Ariko iyo bitabaho, ibicuruzwa cyangwa imiterere ntibyashoboraga gukorwa. Ukuri ku muguzi uwo ari we wese ukora ibipfunyika muri iki gihe ni uko gukomeza gutanga ibicuruzwa birenza ikiguzi kandi kwemera ibiciro biri hejuru ni byiza cyane kuruta guhagarika umusaruro.
None se, ni inkubi y'umuyaga ikwiye? Itangazamakuru rikunze gushinjwa gukabya. Muri uru rubanza, dukeka ko, niba hari icyo tuzashinjwa, tuzashinjwa gupfobya ukuri.
Will yinjiye muri Fastener + Fixing Magazine mu 2007 kandi yamaze imyaka 14 ahura n’ibintu byose bijyanye n’inganda zikora imashini zifunga - aganira n’abantu bakomeye mu nganda no gusura ibigo bikomeye n’amamurikagurisha hirya no hino ku isi.
Will acunga ingamba zo kwandika ibikubiye ku mbuga zose kandi ni we muyobozi w’ibinyamakuru bizwi cyane mu bijyanye n’ubuvanganzo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-19-2022
