Incazelo yesichazamazwi yesiphepho esiphelele “inhlanganisela engavamile yezimo ngazinye ezikhiqiza umphumela ongaba yinhlekelele”. Manje, lesi sitatimende sivela nsuku zonke embonini yezinkinobho, ngakho-ke lapha ku-Fastener + Fixing Magazine sicabange ukuthi kufanele sihlole ukuthi kunengqondo yini.
Isizinda, vele, ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus nakho konke okuhambisana nalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo ezimbonini eziningi sikhula okungenani, futhi ezimweni eziningi sikhuphuka sifinyelele emazingeni acishe aqoshwe, njengoba iningi lezomnotho lilulama emikhawulweni ye-Covid-19. Sengathi lokhu kungaba njalo isikhathi eside futhi lezo zomnotho ezisathinteke kakhulu yileli gciwane ziqale ukukhuphuka ijubane lokululama.
Lapho konke lokhu kuqala khona ukuhlakazeka uhlangothi lokuhlinzeka, olusebenza cishe kuyo yonke imboni yokukhiqiza, kufaka phakathi izikhonkwane. Ungaqala kuphi? Ukwenza izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi; ukutholakala kanye nezindleko zanoma yiliphi izinga lensimbi kanye nezinye izinsimbi eziningi? Ukutholakala kanye nezindleko zokuthutha amakhonteyina emhlabeni wonke? Ukutholakala kwabasebenzi? Izinyathelo zokuhweba ngokonga imali?
Umthamo wensimbi emhlabeni wonke awuhambisani nokwanda kwesidingo. Ngaphandle kweShayina, lapho i-Covid-19 ihlasela okokuqala, umthamo wensimbi kumele ukuthi wephuza ukubuya ku-inthanethi ngemuva kokuvalwa okusabalele. Nakuba kunemibuzo mayelana nokuthi imboni yensimbi iyahoxa yini ukuze inyuse amanani, akungabazeki ukuthi kunezizathu zesakhiwo zokulibala. Ukuvala isithando somlilo kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukusiqala kabusha kudinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo owengeziwe.
Lokhu futhi kuyisidingo sesidingo esanele sokugcina inqubo yokukhiqiza amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Eqinisweni, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi engahluziwe emhlabeni wonke kukhuphuke kwaya kumathani angama-metric angu-487 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, cishe ngo-10% ngaphezulu kunesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2020, kuyilapho ukukhiqizwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2020 cishe kungashintshi kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule - ngakho-ke kukhona ukukhula kwangempela kokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhula bekungalingani. Umphumela e-Asia ukhule ngo-13% engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, ikakhulukazi kubhekiselwa eShayina. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-EU kukhuphuke ngo-3.7% unyaka nonyaka, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kweNyakatho Melika kwehle ngaphezu kuka-5%. Kodwa-ke, isidingo somhlaba wonke siyaqhubeka nokudlula ukuhlinzekwa, futhi kanye nokwenyuka kwentengo. Okuphazamisa kakhulu ngezindlela eziningi ukuthi izikhathi zokulethwa ekuqaleni zazingaphezu kokuphindwe kane, futhi manje zingaphezu kwalokho, uma ukutholakala kukhona.
Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi kukhuphukile, izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zikhuphuke zafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokubhala lokhu, izindleko zensimbi zidlule izinga elirekhodiwe lika-2011 futhi zakhuphuka zaya ku-$200/t. Izindleko zamalahle okupheka kanye nezindleko zensimbi eqoshiwe nazo zikhuphukile.
Izimboni eziningi zokubopha emhlabeni wonke ziyenqaba ukwamukela ama-oda nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngisho nakumakhasimende amakhulu avamile, ngoba azikwazi ukugcina izintambo ziphephile. Izikhathi zokuhola zokukhiqiza ezicashuniwe e-Asia zivame ukuba yizinyanga ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-10 uma i-oda lamukelwa, yize sesizwile ezinye izibonelo zesikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.
Esinye isici esibikwa kakhulu ukushoda kwabasebenzi bokukhiqiza. Kwamanye amazwe, lokhu kungumphumela wokuqubuka okuqhubekayo kwe-coronavirus kanye/noma imikhawulo, kanti i-India cishe iyona ethinteka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasemazweni anamazinga aphansi kakhulu okutheleleka, njengeTaiwan, amafektri awakwazi ukuqasha abasebenzi abanele, abanamakhono noma abanye, ukuze bahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo. Uma sikhuluma ngeTaiwan, noma ubani olandela izindaba zokushoda kwe-semiconductor emhlabeni wonke uzokwazi ukuthi izwe okwamanje libhekene nesomiso esingakaze sibonwe esithinta wonke umkhakha wokukhiqiza.
Imiphumela emibili ayinakugwenywa. Abakhiqizi be-fastener nabasabalalisi abakwazi ukukhokhela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okwehla kwamandla emali akhona njengamanje—uma bezosinda njengebhizinisi—kufanele babhekane nokwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko. Ukuntuleka okuhlukile kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-fastener ochungechungeni lokusatshalaliswa manje sekuvamile. Umthengisi othengisa ngobuningi muva nje uthole izitsha ezingaphezu kuka-40 zezikulufo – ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zi-odwe ngaphambilini futhi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi isitokwe esengeziwe sizotholwa nini.
Bese-ke, vele, kukhona imboni yezimpahla emhlabeni wonke, ebilokhu ibhekene nokuntuleka okukhulu kwama-container izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukululama okusheshayo kweShayina kulolu bhubhane kwabangela inkinga, eyabhebhethekiswa yisidingo ngesikhathi sesikhathi sikaKhisimusi esiphezulu. I-coronavirus yabe isithinta ukuphathwa kwama-container, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, yehlisa ukubuya kwamabhokisi emvelaphi yawo. Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, amazinga okuthumela ayephindwe kabili—kwezinye izimo ngokuphindwe kasithupha kunalokho ayeyikho ngonyaka odlule. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ukunikezwa kwama-container kwase kuthuthuke kancane futhi amazinga okuthutha anciphile.
Kuze kube nguMashi 23, umkhumbi wama-container obude obungamamitha angu-400 wahlala eSuez Canal izinsuku eziyisithupha. Lokhu kungase kungabonakali isikhathi eside kangako, kodwa kungathatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ukuthi imboni yomhlaba wonke yokuthutha ama-container ijwayeleke ngokugcwele. Imikhumbi emikhulu kakhulu yama-container manje ehamba emizileni eminingi, nakuba yehlisiwe ukonga uphethiloli, ingaqeda "imijikelezo" emine egcwele ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke ukubambezeleka kwezinsuku eziyisithupha, kuhlangene nokuminyana kwechweba okungenakugwenywa okuhambisana nakho, kwenza konke kungahambisani. Imikhumbi nama-crates manje sekulahlekile.
Ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, kube nemibhikisho emelene nemboni yemikhumbi enciphisa amandla okwandisa amazinga okuthutha. Mhlawumbe kunjalo. Kodwa-ke, umbiko wakamuva ukhombisa ukuthi ngaphansi kuka-1% wemikhumbi yezitsha zomhlaba wonke ayisebenzi okwamanje. Imikhumbi emisha, emikhulu iya-odwa - kodwa ngeke iqashwe kuze kube ngu-2023. Ukutholakala kwemikhumbi kubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi le migqa kubikwa ukuthi ihambisa imikhumbi emincane yezitsha zasogwini emizileni yolwandle olujulile, futhi kunesizathu esihle - uma i-Ever Given inganele - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izitsha zakho zinomshwalense.
Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga okuthutha impahla ayakhuphuka futhi abonisa izimpawu zokudlula i-peak kaFebhuwari. Futhi, okubalulekile ukutholakala - futhi akunjalo. Vele, endleleni eya eNyakatho Yurophu ukusuka e-Asia kuya e-Asia, abathumeli batshelwa ukuthi ngeke kube nezikhala kuze kube uJuni. Uhambo lwakhanselwa kuphela ngoba umkhumbi wawungekho endaweni yawo. Ama-container amasha, abiza kabili ngenxa yensimbi, asevele esebenza. Kodwa-ke, ukuminyana kwechweba kanye nokubuyiselwa kwebhokisi okuhamba kancane kusalokhu kuyinkinga enkulu. Ukukhathazeka manje ukuthi isizini ephezulu ayikude; abathengi base-US bathole ukukhushulwa komnotho ohlelweni lukaMongameli uBiden lokubuyisela; futhi kwezomnotho eziningi, abathengi bagcwele ukonga futhi balangazelela ukusebenzisa imali.
Ingabe sikhulume ngemiphumela yomthetho? UMongameli uTrump ubeke intela ye-US “Section 301” kuma-fasteners neminye imikhiqizo engeniswe evela eShayina. UMongameli omusha uJoe Biden kuze kube manje ukhethe ukugcina intela naphezu kwesinqumo se-WTO esilandelayo sokuthi intela yephula imithetho yokuhweba yomhlaba. Zonke izindlela zokuhweba ziphazamisa izimakethe—yilokho eziklanyelwe ukukwenza, nakuba ngokuvamile kunemiphumela engahlosiwe. Lezi ntela ziye zaholela ekushintsheni kwemiyalelo emikhulu yama-fasteners ase-US esuka eShayina iye kweminye imithombo yase-Asia, okuhlanganisa iVietnam neTaiwan.
NgoDisemba 2020, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yaqala izinqubo zokulwa nokulahla imfucuza ezifakelwe eShayina. Lo magazini awukwazi ukwahlulela kusengaphambili okutholakele kwekomidi - "ukudalulwa kwangaphambili" kwezinyathelo zawo zesikhashana kuzoshicilelwa ngoJuni. Kodwa-ke, ukuba khona kophenyo kusho ukuthi abangenisi bayazi kahle izinga lentela langaphambilini elingu-85% ezifakelweni futhi bayesaba ukufaka ama-oda avela ezimbonini zaseShayina, angase afike ngemva kukaJulayi, lapho izinyathelo zesikhashana zihlelelwe ukuqaliswa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimboni zaseShayina zenqaba ukwamukela ama-oda ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi azokhanselwa uma/uma kubekwa izinyathelo zokulwa nokulahla imfucuza.
Njengoba abathumeli baseMelika sebevele bethatha amandla kwezinye izindawo e-Asia, lapho izimpahla zensimbi zibaluleke kakhulu, abathumeli baseYurophu banezinketho ezimbalwa kakhulu. Inkinga ukuthi imikhawulo yokuhamba nge-coronavirus yenze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwabahlinzeki abasha kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuhlola ikhwalithi kanye namakhono okukhiqiza.
Bese ufaka i-oda eYurophu. Akulula kangako. Ngokusho kwemibiko, amandla okukhiqiza izikhonkwane zaseYurophu agcwele ngokweqile, cishe azikho izinto zokusetshenziswa ezengeziwe ezitholakalayo. Izivikelo zensimbi, ezibeka imikhawulo yesabelo ekungenisweni kwentambo nebha, ziphinde zinciphise ukuguquguquka kokuthola intambo ngaphandle kwe-EU. Sizwile ukuthi izikhathi zokuhola zezimboni zezikhonkwane zaseYurophu (uma sicabanga ukuthi sezilungele ukwamukela ama-oda) ziphakathi kwezinyanga ezi-5 nezi-6.
Fingqa imibono emibili. Okokuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinyathelo zokulwa nokulahla izimpahla zisemthethweni yini ngokumelene nezinamathiseli zaseShayina, isikhathi ngeke sibe sibi kakhulu. Uma kubekwa amanani aphezulu njengango-2008, imiphumela izothinta kakhulu imboni yokusetshenziswa kwezinamathiseli zaseYurophu. Omunye umqondo ukuzindla ngokubaluleka kwangempela kwezinamathiseli. Hhayi nje kuphela kulabo abangaphakathi embonini abathanda lezi zinhlelo ezincane zobunjiniyela, kodwa nakubo bonke abasembonini yabathengi—njengoba sisho—abavame ukunganaki futhi bazithathe kalula. Izinamathiseli azivamile ukubala iphesenti elilodwa lenani lomkhiqizo noma isakhiwo esiqediwe. Kodwa uma bezingekho, umkhiqizo noma isakhiwo besingeke senziwe. Iqiniso lanoma yimuphi umthengi wezinamathiseli njengamanje ukuthi ukuqhubeka kokuhlinzekwa kwedlula izindleko futhi ukwamukela amanani aphezulu kungcono kakhulu kunokuyeka ukukhiqizwa.
Ngakho-ke, isiphepho esiphelele? Abezindaba bavame ukusolwa ngokuthi bathambekele ekwenzeni ihaba. Kulokhu, sisola, uma kukhona, ukuthi sizosolwa ngokubukela phansi iqiniso.
UWill wajoyina i-Fastener + Fixing Magazine ngo-2007 futhi uchithe iminyaka eyi-14 edlule ehlangabezana nazo zonke izici zomkhakha we-fastener - exoxa nabantu ababalulekile embonini futhi evakashela izinkampani ezihamba phambili kanye nemibukiso emhlabeni jikelele.
UWill uphatha isu lokuqukethwe kwawo wonke amapulatifomu futhi ungumnakekeli wezindinganiso zokuhlela eziphakeme ezidumile zomagazini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-19-2022
