Ku ya 27 Nzeri, indege ya “Global Yida” yo mu bwoko bwa “China-Europe Express” yuzuye ibicuruzwa 100 byoherezwa mu mahanga yatangiriye i Yiwu, muri Zhejiang, maze yihutira kujya i Madrid, umurwa mukuru wa Esipanye, mu birometero 13.052. Nyuma y'umunsi umwe, indege ya “China-Europe Express” yari yuzuye amakontineri 50 y'imizigo. Imodoka ya “Shanghai” yavuye i Minhang yerekeza i Hamburg, mu Budage, iri mu birometero ibihumbi uvuye aho, ikaba ari yo sosiyete ya Shanghai-Ubudage yo mu bwoko bwa “China-Europe Express”.
Gutangira cyane byatumye gari ya moshi ya China-Europe Express idahagarara mu biruhuko by'umunsi mukuru w'igihugu. Abagenzuzi ba gari ya moshi bashyize imbaraga zo gukuba kabiri umubare w'imodoka za “Mu gihe cyashize, buri muntu yagenzuraga imodoka zirenga 300 ku ijoro, ariko ubu agenzura imodoka zirenga 700 ku ijoro.” Muri icyo gihe, umubare wa gari ya moshi zafunguwe mu rwego rw'icyorezo ku isi wageze ku rwego rwo hejuru muri icyo gihe.
Amakuru yemewe agaragaza ko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kanama uyu mwaka, gari ya moshi zitwara imizigo hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi zafunguye gari ya moshi zigera ku 10.052, zirenga gari ya moshi 10.000 amezi abiri mbere y’umwaka ushize, zitwara TEU 967.000, ziyongereyeho 32% na 40% uko umwaka ushize, kandi igipimo rusange cy’amakontenari aremereye cyari 97.9%.
Mu rwego rw' "agasanduku kamwe kagoye kubona" mu bwikorezi mpuzamahanga ndetse n'ubwiyongere bukabije bw'ibiciro by'imizigo, China-Europe Express yahaye amasosiyete y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga amahitamo menshi. Ariko kandi, China-Europe Express igenda ikura vuba nayo ihanganye n'imbogamizi nyinshi.
Ubushinwa hagati ya Europa Express Express bwabuze "kwihuta" kubera icyorezo
Agace ka Chengyu ni ko umujyi wa mbere mu gihugu wafunguye gari ya moshi ihuza Ubushinwa n'Uburayi. Amakuru aturuka mu itsinda ry’ishoramari ry’icyambu mpuzamahanga cya Chengdu, avuga ko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kanama uyu mwaka, gari ya moshi zigera ku 3.600 za China-Europe Express (Chengyu) zatangijwe. Muri zo, Chengdu ikomeje gukomeza inzira eshatu z’ingenzi za Lodz, Nuremberg na Tilburg, ihanga udushya mu mikorere y’ “Uburayi”, kandi ahanini igera ku rwego rwuzuye rw’Uburayi.
Mu 2011, Chongqing yafunguye gari ya moshi ya Hewlett-Packard, hanyuma imijyi myinshi mu gihugu yose ifungura gari ya moshi zitwara imizigo zijya i Burayi. Kugeza muri Kanama 2018, umubare w’imashini zitwara imizigo z’Ubushinwa-Uburayi mu gihugu cyose wageze ku ntego ya buri mwaka ya gari ya moshi 5.000 zashyizweho muri gahunda y’ubwubatsi n’iterambere rya gari ya moshi z’Ubushinwa-Uburayi (2016-2020) (izitwa "Gahunda").
Iterambere ryihuse rya gari ya moshi ya China-Europe Express muri iki gihe ryavuye mu mugambi wa "Belt and Road" ndetse n'uturere two mu gihugu imbere twashakaga gushyiraho umuyoboro mpuzamahanga ukomeye w'ibicuruzwa uhuza isi yo hanze. Mu myaka umunani kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2018, igipimo cy'iterambere ry'umwaka rya gari ya moshi ya China-Europe Express cyarenze 100%. Iryazamutse cyane ni mu 2014, aho igipimo cy'iterambere cya 285%.
Icyorezo gishya cya crown pneumonia mu 2020 kizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwikorezi bwo mu kirere no mu mazi, kandi bitewe n'ihagarara ry'ibibuga by'indege n'ibyambu, ikigo cy'itumanaho cya China-Europe Express cyabaye inkunga ikomeye ku ruhererekane mpuzamahanga rw'ibicuruzwa, kandi umubare w'imijyi ifunguye n'ifungurwa ryiyongereye cyane.
Amakuru aturuka mu itsinda rya gari ya moshi rya China, avuga ko mu 2020, gari ya moshi zigera ku 12.400 zitwara imizigo hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi zizafungurwa, kandi umubare wa gari ya moshi buri mwaka uzarenga 10.000 ku nshuro ya mbere, bizamukaho 50% uko umwaka utashye; ibicuruzwa bya TEU miliyoni 1.135 byamaze gutwarwa, bizamukaho 56% uko umwaka utashye, kandi igipimo cy’amakontenari aremereye kizagera kuri 98.4%.
Kubera ko imirimo n'umusaruro bigenda bisubukurwa buhoro buhoro ku isi, cyane cyane kuva uyu mwaka watangira, icyifuzo cy'ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga cyariyongereye cyane, icyambu kiracucitse, kandi agasanduku kamwe karagoye kuboneka, kandi igiciro cyo kohereza nacyo cyariyongereye cyane.
Nk’umugenzuzi w’igihe kirekire mu bijyanye n’ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga, Chen Yang, umwanditsi mukuru wa Xinde Maritime Network, urubuga rw’ubujyanama mu by’ubwikorezi bw’inzobere, yabwiye CBN ko kuva mu gice cya kabiri cya 2020, ikibazo cy’imizigo mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa bya konteyineri kitarazamuka cyane, kandi ko igipimo cy’imizigo muri uyu mwaka kiriyongera cyane. Shyiraho agahigo ko hejuru cyane. Nubwo byahinduka, igipimo cy’imizigo kuva muri Aziya kugera mu Burengerazuba bwa Amerika kiracyari hejuru inshuro zirenga icumi ugereranyije n’uko icyorezo cyatangiye. Bivugwa ko ibi bizakomeza kugeza mu 2022, ndetse bamwe mu basesenguzi bemeza ko bizakomeza kugeza mu 2023. “Inganda zihuriweho ni uko imbogamizi zo gutanga amakonteyineri nta cyizere zigifite muri uyu mwaka.”
Isosiyete y’ubucuruzi bw’imigabane mu Bushinwa (China Securities Investment) nayo yizera ko igihe cy’ubwiyongere bw’ingufu gishobora kongerwa kugeza ku ndunduro. Kubera ingaruka z’icyorezo, akajagari mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa ku isi kariyongereye, kandi nta kimenyetso cy’uko hari iterambere mu mibanire hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe. Nubwo sosiyete nto zitwara ibicuruzwa zikomeje kwinjira ku isoko rya Pasifika, ubushobozi rusange bw’isoko buracyari kuri TEU zigera ku 550.000 ku cyumweru, ibyo bikaba nta ngaruka zigaragara bitanga mu kunoza umubano hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe. Mu gihe cy’icyorezo, imicungire n’igenzura ry’ubwato bw’icyambu byazamuwe, ibyo bikaba byararushijeho gutinda ku gihe no kuvuguruzanya hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe. Imiterere y’isoko rimwe iterwa n’ubusumbane bukomeye hagati y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe ishobora gukomeza igihe kirekire.
Bijyanye n'ubukene bukomeje kwiyongera ku isoko, harimo "kwihuta" kwa gari ya moshi za China-Europe Express zigenda zishira icyorezo. Amakuru yemewe agaragaza ko kuva uyu mwaka, gari ya moshi za China-Europe Express zinjira kandi zisohoka mu gihugu zinyuze ku cyambu cya gari ya moshi cya Manzhouli zarenze ikigero cya 3.000. Ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize, gari ya moshi 3.000 zarangiye hafi amezi abiri mbere yaho, bigaragaza ko zikomeje kwiyongera kandi vuba.
Nk’uko bigaragara muri Raporo y’amakuru ya Railway Express yatanzwe n’Ubuyobozi bwa Leta ya Gari ya Moshi, mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, ubushobozi bw’imihanda itatu minini bwarushijeho kunozwa. Muri yo, Western Corridor yafunguye imirongo 3.810, yiyongereyeho 51% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize; Eastern Corridor yafunguye imirongo 2.282, yiyongereyeho 41% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize; Umuyoboro wafunguye inkingi 1285, yiyongereyeho 27%.
Kubera ikibazo cy’ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga n’ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’ibiciro by’imizigo, China-Europe Express yatanze gahunda z’inyongera ku bigo by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Chen Zheng, umuyobozi mukuru wa Shanghai Xinlianfang Import and Export Co., Ltd., yabwiye China Business News ko igihe cyo gutwara China-Europe Express ubu cyagabanijwe kikagera ku byumweru 2. Umubare w'imizigo wihariye uratandukanye bitewe n'umukozi, kandi ikiguzi cy'imizigo ya metero 40 ubu ni hafi amadolari 11.000 y'Amerika, imizigo ya kontineri yo gutwara ubu yazamutse ikagera hafi ku madolari 20.000 y'Amerika, bityo niba amasosiyete akoresha China-Europe Express, ashobora kuzigama ikiguzi ku rugero runaka, kandi icyarimwe, igihe cyo gutwara ntabwo ari kibi.
Kuva muri Kanama kugeza muri Nzeri uyu mwaka, ibintu byinshi bya Noheli ntibyashoboye koherezwa ku gihe bitewe n’ “agasanduku k’ibintu bigoye kubona”. Qiu Xuemei, umuyobozi mukuru w’ubucuruzi wa Dongyang Weijule Arts & Crafts Co., Ltd., yigeze kubwira China Business News ko barimo gutekereza kohereza ibicuruzwa bimwe mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati cyangwa mu bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati biva mu nyanja bijya ku butaka kugira ngo byoherezwe mu mahanga.
Ariko, ukwiyongera kwihuta kwa sosiyete ya Shinwa-Europe Express ntiguhagije kugira ngo habeho ubundi buryo bwo gutwara imizigo mu mazi.
Chen Zheng yavuze ko ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga bw'imizigo bugishingiye ahanini ku bwikorezi bwo mu mazi, bungana na 80%, naho ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere bungana na 10% kugeza kuri 20%. Igipimo n'ingano ya gari ya moshi zigenda buhoro buhoro hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi ni bike, kandi hari ibisubizo by'inyongera bishobora gutangwa, ariko ntabwo ari ikintu gisimbura ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere. Kubwibyo, agaciro k'ifungurwa rya gari ya moshi zigenda buhoro buhoro hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi ni kenshi.
Amakuru aturuka muri Minisiteri y’Ubwikorezi agaragaza ko mu 2020, umubare w’amakontenari azakoreshwa mu byambu byo ku nkombe uzaba miliyoni 230 za TEU, mu gihe gari ya moshi ya China-Europe Express izaba itwaye TEU miliyoni 1.135. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kanama uyu mwaka, umubare w’amakontenari azakoreshwa mu byambu byo ku nkombe hirya no hino mu gihugu wari miliyoni 160 za TEU, mu gihe umubare w’amakontenari yoherejwe na gari ya moshi y’Ubushinwa-Uburayi muri icyo gihe wari TEU 964.000 gusa.
Yang Jie, komiseri w’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cya Serivisi za Express cy’Ishyirahamwe ry’Itumanaho n’Ubwikorezi ry’Abashinwa, na we yizera ko nubwo China-Europe Express ishobora gusimbura ibicuruzwa bike gusa, nta gushidikanya ko uruhare rwa China-Europe Express ruzakomeza gukomezwa.
Gushyuha kw'ubucuruzi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi byongera gukundwa kwa China-Europe Express
Mu by’ukuri, gukundwa kwa sosiyete ya China-Europe Express muri iki gihe si ibintu by’igihe gito, kandi impamvu yabyo si ukubera gusa kwiyongera kw’imizigo yo mu nyanja.
“Ibyiza by’imiterere y’Ubushinwa mu buryo bw’ibice bibiri bigaragarira bwa mbere mu mibanire yabwo mu bukungu n’ubucuruzi n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.” Wei Jianguo, wahoze ari visi Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi akaba na Visi Perezida w’Ikigo cy’Ubushinwa gishinzwe Ubukungu Mpuzamahanga, yavuze ko ukurikije imibanire y’ubukungu, uyu mwaka 1~ Muri Kanama, ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi bwari miliyari 528.9 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bwiyongereyeho 32.4%, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’igihugu cyanjye byari miliyari 322.55 z’amadolari y’Amerika, byiyongereyeho 32.4%, naho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’igihugu cyanjye byari miliyari 206.35 z’amadolari y’Amerika, byiyongereyeho 32.3%.
Wei Jianguo yizera ko uyu mwaka EU ishobora kuzarenga ASEAN ikongera ikagaruka ku mwanya wa mbere w’umufatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi mu Bushinwa. Ibi bivuze kandi ko Ubushinwa n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bazaba abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi, kandi “Umubano w’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi uzazana ahazaza heza.”
Nubwo gari ya moshi itwara imizigo hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi muri iki gihe ifite igice gito cy’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi, ateganya ko ubucuruzi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi buzarenga miliyari 700 z’amadolari y’Amerika, kandi ko hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwihuse bwa gari ya moshi itwara imizigo hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi, bizashoboka gutwara miliyari 40-50 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu gutwara ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga. Ubushobozi ni bwinshi cyane.
Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko ibihugu byinshi biri kwita cyane kuri China-Europe Express kugira ngo binoze imikorere myiza yo kwemerera ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo. “Ibyambu bya China-Europe Express ni byiza kurusha ibya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na ASEAN mu bijyanye no kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi no gucunga amakontena. Ibi bituma China-Europe Express igira uruhare nk'umukomando mu bucuruzi bwa Sino-Europe.” Wei Jianguo yagize ati: “Nubwo bitarahagije. Imbaraga nyamukuru, ariko yagize uruhare rwiza cyane nk'itsinda ry'abasirikare.”
nabo bafite icyizere kuri iyi sosiyete. Alice, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubwikorezi muri Youhe (Yiwu) Trading Co., Ltd., yabwiye CBN ko sosiyete yohereje ibicuruzwa byayo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nayo yongereye ingano y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku isoko ry’i Burayi uyu mwaka, aho yiyongereyeho hafi 50% ku Burayi. Ibi byarushijeho kongera imbaraga zabo kuri Railway Express hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi.
Ukurikije ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitwarwa, China-Europe Express yavuye kuri mudasobwa zigendanwa za mbere n'ibindi bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigera ku bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa birenga 50.000 nk'ibice by'imodoka n'ibinyabiziga, imiti, imashini n'ibikoresho, amapaki y'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Agaciro k'ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi buri mwaka kiyongereye kuva kuri miliyari 8 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2016 kugera hafi miliyari 56 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2020, ubwiyongere bwikubye hafi inshuro 7.
Imiterere y’ “imodoka zirimo ubusa” muri gari ya moshi za “China-Europe Express” nayo irimo gutera imbere: mu gice cya mbere cya 2021, igipimo cy’ingendo zo kugaruka cyageze kuri 85%, urwego rwiza cyane mu mateka.
Imodoka ya “Shanghai” y’Ubushinwa-Uburayi, yatangijwe ku ya 28 Nzeri, izagira uruhare runini mu gutuma gari ya moshi zigaruka mu gihugu zishishikariza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Hagati mu kwezi k’Ukwakira, “Shanghai” y’Ubushinwa-Uburayi izagaruka i Shanghai ivuye i Burayi. Imurikagurisha nk’amajwi, imashini nini zigenzura isuku, n’ibikoresho bya “nuclear magnetic resonance” bizinjira mu gihugu na gari ya moshi kugira ngo bifatanye na CIIE ya 4. Hanyuma, izakoresha kandi uburyo bwo gutwara abantu neza kugira ngo ishyire ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye nka divayi, ibicuruzwa by’akataraboneka, n’ibikoresho by’agaciro gakomeye binyuze muri gari ya moshi zinyura ku mipaka.
Nk'imwe mu masosiyete afite umurongo wuzuye cyane, icyambu kinini, kandi afite gahunda nziza zo gusohoza urubuga rwo gukoreramo gari ya moshi itwara imizigo hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi, Yixinou ni yo sosiyete yonyine yigenga ifite isoko rya 12% by'ibicuruzwa byose mu gihugu. Muri uyu mwaka kandi, yazamutse cyane mu gaciro ka gari ya moshi zigaruka n'imizigo.
Kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama kugeza ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2021, urubuga rwa Express Yiwu rw’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi (Yixin Europe) rwatangije gari ya moshi 1.004, kandi gari ya moshi 82.800 zoherejwe, ubwiyongere bwa 57.7% buri mwaka. Muri zo, gari ya moshi 770 zoherejwe, ubwiyongere bwa 23.8% buri mwaka, naho gari ya moshi 234 zoherejwe, ubwiyongere bwa 1413.9% buri mwaka.
Dukurikije imibare ya za gasutamo za Yiwu, kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kanama uyu mwaka, gasutamo ya Yiwu yagenzuye kandi inyuza agaciro ka gari ya moshi ya "Yixin Europe" hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi Express ka miliyari 21.41 z’amayuani, izamuka rya 82.2% ry’umwaka ku mwaka, aho ibicuruzwa byoherezwaga mu mahanga byari miliyari 17.41 z’amayuani, izamuka rya 50.6% ry’umwaka ku mwaka, naho ibicuruzwa byoherezwaga mu mahanga byari miliyari 4.0 z’amayuani. Yuani, izamuka rya 1955.8% ry’umwaka ku mwaka.
Ku ya 19 Kanama, gari ya moshi ya 3.000 ya gari ya moshi ya "Yixinou" kuri platifomu ya Yiwu yarahagurutse. Ikigo gishinzwe platifomu Yiwu Tianmeng Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. yasohoye platifomu y’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka za gari ya moshi, yemeza "umushinga w’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka za gari ya moshi". Amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi akoresha platifomu nk'ikimenyetso cyo kubona "inguzanyo y’imizigo" cyangwa "inguzanyo y’imizigo" muri banki. "Inguzanyo y’inguzanyo. Iyi ni intambwe ikomeye mu bucuruzi bw’"umushinga w’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka za gari ya moshi nyinshi", ugaragaza ko hageze ku mugaragaro umushinga w’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka za gari ya moshi hagati y’Ubushinwa na Europe Express "umushinga w’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka za gari ya moshi nyinshi" n’ubucuruzi bw’inguzanyo za banki.
Wang Jinqiu, perezida wa Shanghai Oriental Silk Road Intermodal Transport Co., Ltd., yavuze ko ikigo cya China-Europe Express "Shanghai" nta nkunga ya leta gifite kandi ko gitwarwa gusa n'ibigo bikora ku isoko. Bitewe n'igabanuka ry'inkunga za gari ya moshi za China-Europe Express, Shanghai nayo izashakisha inzira nshya.
Ibikorwa remezo byabaye imbogamizi ikomeye
Nubwo ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cya Express Express hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi kirimo kugaragaza iterambere rikabije, kiracyafite ibibazo byinshi.
Ubucucike bw'imodoka ntibwibasira gusa ibyambu byo ku nkombe, ahubwo umubare munini wa gari ya moshi zitwara imizigo hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi uraterana, ibi bikaba bishyira igitutu gikomeye kuri sitasiyo za gari ya moshi, cyane cyane ibyambu bya gari ya moshi.
Gari ya moshi ihuza Ubushinwa n'Uburayi igabanyijemo inzira eshatu: Iburengerazuba, Hagati, n'Iburasirazuba, inyura muri Alashankou na Horgos muri Xinjiang, Erlianhot muri Mongoliya y'imbere, na Manzhouli muri Heilongjiang. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'uko amahame ya gari ya moshi adahuye hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu bya CIS, izi gari ya moshi zigomba kunyura hano kugira ngo zihindure inzira zazo.
Mu 1937, Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga rya Gari ya Moshi ryashyizeho itegeko: igipimo cya mm 1435 ni igipimo gisanzwe, igipimo cya mm 1520 cyangwa kirenzeho ni igipimo cyagutse, naho igipimo cya mm 1067 cyangwa munsi yacyo kibarwa nk'igipimo gito. Ibihugu byinshi ku isi, nk'Ubushinwa n'Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba, bikoresha igipimo gisanzwe, ariko Kazakisitani, Kirigizisitani, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, n'ibindi bihugu bya CIS bikoresha igipimo cyagutse. Kubera iyo mpamvu, gari ya moshi zikoresha "Gari ya moshi ya Pan-Eurasian" ntizishobora guhinduka "Gari ya moshi ya Eurasian inyuze muri Eurasian."
Umuntu ufitanye isano n’uwo mu sosiyete ya gari ya moshi yavuze ko bitewe n’umuvuduko w’ibyambu, muri Nyakanga na Kanama uyu mwaka, Itsinda ry’Igihugu rya Gari ya Moshi ryagabanyije umubare wa gari ya moshi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi zikoreshwa n’amasosiyete atandukanye ya gari ya moshi.
Kubera ubucucike bw'imodoka ya China-Europe Express na yo iragoye. Umuntu ushinzwe ishami rishinzwe ubwikorezi mu kigo runaka yabwiye CBN ko isosiyete yari yaratumije ibice bimwe na bimwe n'ibindi bikoresho bivuye i Burayi binyuze muri China-Europe Express, ariko kubera ko ibisabwa ku gihe biri hejuru ubu, China-Europe Express ntiyashoboraga kuzuza ibisabwa maze yimurira iki gice cy'ibicuruzwa mu ndege.
Wang Guowen, umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Iterambere ry’Ubushinwa (Shenzhen), yabwiye CBN ko ikibazo kiri mu bikorwa remezo. Ku bijyanye n’Ubushinwa, nta kibazo cyo gufungura gari ya moshi 100.000 ku mwaka. Ikibazo ni uguhindura inzira. Kuva mu Bushinwa kugera kuri , inzira isanzwe igomba guhinduka inzira yagutse, naho kuva mu Burayi, igomba guhinduka inzira yagutse ikajya inzira isanzwe. Impinduka ebyiri zagize ikibazo gikomeye. Ibi birimo gukemura ibikorwa byo guhindura gari ya moshi n’ibikoresho bya sitasiyo.
Umushakashatsi mukuru mu nganda yavuze ko kubura ibikorwa remezo bya China-Europe Express, cyane cyane ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi y’igihugu ku murongo, byateje ikibazo cy’ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu muri China-Europe Express.
"Igenamigambi" rinateganya guteza imbere cyane iterambere rya gahunda ya gari ya moshi ya Eurasian hamwe n'ibihugu biri ku murongo wa gari ya moshi uhuza Ubushinwa n'Uburayi, no guteza imbere iyubakwa rya gari ya moshi yo mu mahanga. Kwihutisha iterambere ry'inyigo z'ibanze ku mishinga ya gari ya moshi ya China-Kirigizisitani-Ukraine na Ubushinwa-Pakisitani. Gari ya moshi ya Mongoliya na N irasabwa kuvugurura no kuvugurura imirongo ishaje, kunoza imiterere ya gare ya moshi n'ibikoresho by'inkunga ya sitasiyo zo ku mipaka no kongera gushyiramo sitasiyo ku murongo, no guteza imbere guhuza no guhuza ubushobozi bwa gari ya moshi ya China-Mongolia.
Ariko, biragoye kugereranya ubushobozi bwo kubaka ibikorwa remezo by’amahanga n’Ubushinwa. Kubwibyo, Wang Guowen yatanze igitekerezo cyuko igisubizo ari uguharanira ko ibyambu byose bizana inzira no guhindura inzira mu Bushinwa. Hamwe n’ubushobozi bw’Ubushinwa mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo, ubushobozi bwo guhindura inzira bushobora kunozwa cyane.
Muri icyo gihe, Wang Guowen yanatanze igitekerezo cy'uko ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi bya mbere mu gice cy'imbere mu gihugu bikwiye kongerwamo imbaraga, nko gusana ibiraro n'imiyoboro y'amazi, no gushyiraho kontineri ebyiri. “Mu myaka ya vuba aha, twitaye cyane ku gutwara abagenzi, ariko ibikorwa remezo by'imizigo ntibyarushijeho kunozwa cyane. Kubwibyo, binyuze mu kuvugurura ibiraro n'imiyoboro y'amazi, ubwinshi bw'ubwikorezi bwariyongereye, kandi icyizere cy'imikorere ya gari ya moshi cyariyongereye mu bukungu.”
Itangazo ryemewe ry’itsinda ry’igihugu rya gari ya moshi ryavuze kandi ko kuva uyu mwaka, ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Alashankou, Horgos, Erenhot, Manzhouli n’indi mishinga yo kwagura no guhindura icyambu byazamuye ubushobozi bwo kwinjira no gusohoka bwa Express-Ubushinwa. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kanama uyu mwaka, gari ya moshi 5125, 1766, na 3139 zafunguwe mu nzira y’uburengerazuba, hagati, n’uburasirazuba bwa gari ya moshi-Ubushinwa-Uburayi, bigaragaza ko hiyongereyeho 37%, 15%, na 35% buri mwaka.
Byongeye kandi, inama ya karindwi y’itsinda rishinzwe ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu n’ibintu muri gari ya moshi hagati y’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi yabaye ku ya 9 Nzeri hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Inama yasuzumye “Igenamigambi ry’ingengabihe ya gari ya moshi ya China n’Uburayi n’Uburayi n’ingamba z’ubufatanye (Igeragezwa)” n’ingamba “Ingamba zemewe z’ingengabihe ya gari ya moshi ya China n’Uburayi n’Uburayi n’Uburayi”. Impande zose zemeye gusinya, kandi zinoza ubushobozi bw’ikigo cy’ubwikorezi mu gihugu no mu mahanga.
(Inkomoko: Amakuru y'Ubucuruzi mu Bushinwa)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-21-2021
